【正版矢量高清】API+St+618-2024.docx

Reciprocating Compressors forPetroleum,Chemical,and Gas Industry ServicesAPI STANDARD 618SIXTH EDITION,MAY 2024American Petroleum InstituteSpecial NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature.With respect to particular circumstances, local,state,and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.The use of API publications is voluntary. In some cases,third parties or authorities having jurisdiction may choose to incorporate API standards by reference and may mandate compliance.Neither API nor any of API's employees,subcontractors,consultants,committees,or other assignees make any warranty or representation,either express or implied,with respect to the accuracy,completeness,or usefulness of the information contained herein,or assume any liability or responsibility for any use,or the results of such use,of any information or process disclosed in this publication.Neither API nor any of APIs employees,subcontractors,consultants,or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.Classified areas may vary depending on the location,conditions,equipment,and substances involved in any given situation.Users of this standard should consult with the appropriate authorities having jurisdiction.Users of this standard should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document.Sound business, scientific,engineering,and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.The examples used are for illustration purposes only.Each company should develop its own approach. They are not to be considered exclusive or exhaustive in nature.API makes no warranties,express or implied for reliance on or any omissions from the information contained in this document.Where applicable,authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted.Work sites and equipment operations may differ.Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipment and premises in determining the appropriateness of applying the instructions.At all imes users should employ sound business,scientific,engineering,and judgment safety when using this standard.APl is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers,manufacturers,or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees,and others exposed,concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations to comply with authorities having jurisdiction.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer,the manufacturer or supplier of that material,or the material safety data sheet.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so.Every effort has been made by the Institute to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them;however,the Institute makes no representation,warranty,or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven,sound engineering and operating practices.These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized.The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard.API does not represent,warrant,or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.Al rights reserved.No part of this work may be reproduced,translated,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted byany means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,or otherwise,without prior written permission from thepublisher.Contact the publisher,API Publishing Services,200 Massachusetts Avenue,NW,Suite 1100,Washington,DC 20001.Copyright O2023 American Petroleum InstituteForewordThis standard is based on the accumulated knowledge and experience of manufacturers and users of reciprocating compressors.The objective of this publication is to provide a purchase specification to facilitate the procurement and manufacture of reciprocating compressors for use in petroleum,chemical, and gas industry services.The primary purpose of this standard is to establish minimum requirements.Energy conservation is of concern and has become increasingly important in all aspects of equipment design,application,and operation.Thus,innovative energy-conserving approaches should be aggressively pursued by the manufacturer and the user during these steps.Alternative approaches that may result in improved energy utilization should be thoroughly investigated and brought forth.This is especially true of new equipment proposals since the evaluation of purchase options will be based increasingly on total life costs as opposed to acquisition cost alone.Equipment manufacturers,in particular,are encouraged to suggest alternatives to those specified when such approaches achieve improved energy effectiveness and reduced total life costs without the sacrifice of safety or reliability.This standard requires the purchaser to specify certain details and features.Although it is recognized that the purchaser may desire to modify,delete,or amplify sections of this standard,it is strongly recommended that such modifications,deletions,and amplifications be made by supplementing this standard,rather than by rewriting or incorporating sections thereof into another standard.A bullet (·)at the beginning of a subsection or paragraph indicates that either a decision by,or further information from,the purchaser is required.Further information should be shown on the data sheets (see example in Annex A)or stated in the quotation request and purchase order.For effective use of this standard and ease of reference to the text,the use of the data sheets in Annex A is recommended.The purchaser's checklist in Annex D can also be used for purchaser's specific requirements or decisions.Users of this standard should be aware that further or differing requirements may be needed for individual applications.This standard is not intended to inhibit a vendor from offering,or the purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions for the individual application.This may be particularly applicable where there is innovative or developing technology.Where an alternative is offered,the vendor should identify any variations from this standard and provide details.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right,by implication or otherwise for the manufacture,sale,or use of any method,apparatus,or product covered by letters patent.Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.The verbal forms used to express the provisions in this document are as follows.Shall:As used in a standard,"shall"denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the standard.Should:As used in a standard,"should"denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the standard.May:As used in a standard,"may"denotes a course of action permissible within the limits of a standard. Can:As used in a standard,“can”denotes a statement of possibility or capability.iiiThis document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard.Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute,200 Massachusetts Avenue,NW,Suite 1100,Washington,DC 20001. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally,API standards are reviewed and revised,reaffirmed,or withdrawn at least every five years.A one- time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle.Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department,telephone (202)682-8000.A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API,200 Massachusetts Avenue,NW,Suite 1100,Washington,DC 20001.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department,API,200 Massachusetts Avenue,NW,Suite 1100,Washington,DC 20001,standardsapi.org.ivContents1 Scope12 NormativeReferences13 Terms, Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations 53.2 AcronymsandAbbreviations123.1 Terms and Definitions 54 General 124.1 UnitResponsibility 124.2 UnitConversion 124.3 Nomenclature 125 Requirements 125.1 Units of Measure 125.2 Language125.3 Statutory Requirements 136 BasicDesign136.1 General 136.2 Bolting 166.3 CalculatingColdRunout 176.4 AllowableSpeeds176.5 AllowableDischargeTemperature 176.6 CrossheadPinand GasLoads 186.7 CriticalSpeeds 186.8 CompressorCylinders 186.10 Pistons, PistonRods, and PistonRings 246.9 Valves and Unloaders 226.11 Crankshafts, Bearings, ConnectingRods, Crossheads, and Crankcases266.12 DistancePieces 276.13 Packing Casesand PistonRod Pressure Packing 296.14 Materials 316.15 Nameplates andRotationArrows 397 Accessories407.1 Drivers407.2 CouplingsandGuards427.3 ReductionGears437.4 BeltDrives 447.5 Lubrication 447.6 Cylinder JacketWaterSystems487.7 MountingPlates507.8 Controls and Instrumentation 537.9 Piping 577.10 Intercoolers, Aftercoolers, andSeparators 597.11 Pulsation and Vibration Control 617.12 PulsationSuppressionDevices 717.13 Air Intake Filters 737.14 SpecialTools 748 InspectionandTesting748.1 General 748.2 Inspection758.3 Testing 78.4 PreparationforShipment 799 Vendor's Data 80Annex A (informative) Data Sheets 81Annex B (informative) CapacityRating and Tolerance 116Annex C (informative) Piston Rod Runout 117Annex D(informative) Purchaser'sChecklist134AnnexE (informative) ContractDocumentsand Engineering Design Data 139Annex F (normative) Figures and Schematics 158Annex G (informative) Typical Materials for Major ComponentParts 165Annex H (informative) Distance Piece Vent, Drain, and Buffer Systems to Minimize Process GasLeakage 166AnnexI (informative) ReciprocatingCompressorNomenclature 174Annex J(informative) Inspector's Checklist 175Annex K (informative) TypicalMountingPlate Arrangement176Annex L (normative) Design Approach WorkProcessFlowcharts 177Bibliography 179Figures1 Plate Loaded in Tension in the Through-thickness Direction and Its AreaRequiring UltrasonicInspection 352 Plate Loaded in Bending and Its Area Requiring Ultrasonic Inspection 353 Axially Loaded Plate 364 Piping Design Trigger Level at Discrete Frequencies 68C.1 Basic Geometry with Cold Vertical Runout 118C.2 Vertical Runout Geometric Relationships Based on No Rod Sag 118C.3 Rod Runout Table 120C.4 Rod Runout Attributable to Piston Rod Sag with DROP=0 121C.5 Rod Runout Attributable to Piston Rod Sag with DROP>0 122C.6 Data for Rod Runout Calculation 123C.7 Rod Runout Calculation Example 124C.8 Sample Printout for Rod Runout 128C.9 Graphical Ilustration of Rod Runout at 0.080 in . Cylinder Running Clearance 129C.10 Graphical Ilustration of Rod Runout at 0.060 in . Cylinder Running Clearance 130C.11 Graphical Ilustration of Rod Runout at 0.040 in . Cylinder Running Clearance 131C.12 Graphical Ilustration of Rod Runout at 0.020 in . Cylinder Running Clearance 132C.13 Graphical Ilustration of Rod Runout at 0.010 in . Cylinder Running Clearance 133E.1 Sample VDDRForm 144F.1 Cylinder Cooling System 159F.2 Distance Piece and Packing Arrangements 160F.3 Typical Self-contained Cooling System for Piston Rod Pressure Packing 162F.4 Typical Pressurized Frame Lube Oil System 163F.5 Conceptual Direct Rod Connection 164F.6 Conceptual Indirect Rod Connection 164F.7 ConceptualIndirect Clamped Rod Connection164H.1 Typical Buffered Single-compartment Distance Piecefor VariableVent Pressure Systems 168H.2 Typical Buffered Single -compartment Distance Piece Vent , Drain, and Buffer Arrangement .169H.3 Typical Buffered Two-compartment Distance Piece for Variable Vent Pressure Systems .170H.4 Typical Buffered Two-compartment Distance Piece for Constant Vent Pressure Systems 171H.5 oil Wiper Packing withInert Buffer Gas Purge170H.6 Intermediate Partition Packing with Inert Buffer Gas Purge( NotUsed with TypeA and TypeB Distance Piecs) 171H.7 Piston Rod PressurePacking withInert BufferGas 173vi1.1 ReciprocatingCompressor Nomenclature174K.1 Typical MountingPlate Arrangement 176L.1 Design Approach 2 Flowchart 177L.2 Design Approach 3 Flowchart 178Tables1 CoolingSystem Conditions142 Driver Trip Speeds 153 MaximumGauge Pressuresfor Cylinder Materials 334 Relief ValveSettings 555 Minimum Alarm and ShutdownRecommendations 566 Design ApproachSelection 637 Maximum AllowableFree Air GaussLevls76D.1 Purchaser'sChecklist 134G.1 TypicalMaterialSpecifications for Reciprocating CompressorParts165J.1 Inspector's Checklist 175