定语从句中考考点.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,定语从句,考点分析,定语从句考点分析,定语从句是现行教材中的一个重要语法项目，使学生较难掌握好的语法项目。本文试结合典型试题就该语法项目中可能出现的考点作分类例析，供同学们复习迎考时参考。,考点分析1,考查关系代词与关系副词的用法。,I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week,Is that the reason _ you had a few days off？,Awhy Bwhen Cwhat Dwhere,【,简析】,根据题意可知，上句是下句“请假”的原因，所以应该选择表示原因的关系副词,why,来修饰,the reason，,故,A,项正确。,关系副词,where,，,when,和,why,用来引导定语从句时，它和关系代词一样，具有多种作用：,a,在定语从句中代替先行词。,b,在从句中担任成分状语，在从句中起副词和介词短语作用。,c,起连接作用，它把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。如：,This is the house,where,I was born,这是我出生的那间房子。,We,ll,never forget the day,when,we joined the League,我们永远难忘入团的那一天。,The reason,why,I am calling you is to invite you to my birthday party,我给你打电话是因为想邀请你参加我的生日聚会。,解题技巧,由上可见，选择关系代词与关系副词的关键取决于关系词在从句中所担当的成分：如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时，只能用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中作状语（时间、地点、原因）则用关系副词。,考点归纳,：,定语从句中常见的关系代词有,who（whom），whose，that,和,which，,它们的用法分别为：,who,用来代人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可担任主语和宾语。但,who,的前面不能有介词，如果带介词，则必须用宾格的,whom：,介词,whom。,如：,He is the boy with whom I went there,他就是和我一起去那儿的男孩。,另外，当关系代词,that,用来代人时，关系代词,who,和,that,在许多情况下可以通用。但有时须用,who，,而不用,that：,a,先行词是,one，ones，anyone,和,those,时，须用,who。,如：,One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth,一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。,b,在,there be,开头的句子中。如：,There is an old man who wants to see you,有位老人要见你。,c,一个句子带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是,that，,另一个须用,who。,如,The girl that you met last week is the monitor who studies very hard,上周你遇到的那位女孩是位学习非常努力的班长。,whose,是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。当,whose,代物时，它相当于,the+n.+of+which.,当,whose,代人时，它相当于,the+n.+of+whom.,如：,Please show me the book whose cover is black.,请把封面是黑色的书拿给我看看。,Please show me the book，the cover of which is black,This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.,=This is the scientist the,name of whom is known all over the world.,当,that,和,which,在限定性定语从句中代物时，,which,常可以和,that,通用，但有时只宜用,which，,不用,that：,a,如果两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是,that，,另一句宜用,which。,如：,Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us,让我给你看看我从重新开放的图书馆借来的书。,b,关系代词前有介词。如：,This is the room in which you will stay,这将是你住的房间。,另外，非限定性定语从句中，只宜用,which，,不能用,that。,He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry,.,考点分析2,考查,that,引导的定语从句。,典型题例,This is the best way _ has been used against pollution,Awhere Bwhy Cwhich Dthat,简析,指事物的先行词前有“形容词最高级”修饰时，只能用关系代词,that。,故本题的正确答案是,D,项。,考点小结：,如有下列情形之一者，只能用,that,引导定语从句。,a.,先行词为,all,everything,anything,nothing，few，little，much，any，the one,等时。,I,ll,do everything that I can to help you.,b,先行词既有人又有物时。,Look at the man and his dog that are walking up the street.,c,指事物的先行词前面有“形容词最高级”、“序数词”或,the only，the very，the last,修饰时。,The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities.(,两个城市的传说）,d,以,who，which,引出的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。,Who is the man that is standing by the door.,考点分析3,考查,which,在非限定性定语从句中的应用。,The result of the experiment was very good，_ we,hadn,t expected（,预料）,Awhen Bthat Cwhich Dit,简析,该题中所提供的四个选项中，,it,不可引导从句，,that,不能引导非限定性定语从句，,when,不合题意，故正确答案只能是,C,项。,非限定性定语从句，在意义上，它是先行词的一个附加修饰语，是对先行词的进一步说明。如果删去它，不影响整个句子的基本意思。如：,Wang Dong，who is in the room，wants to ask you some questions,王东，他在房间里，想问你几个问题。,上述主句是,Wang Dong wants to ask you some questions，,如果删去从句（,who is in the room），,并不影响整个句子基本意思的表达。,考点小结,限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切。它所修饰的词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或东西。如果删去，则剩下的部分意思就会含糊不清。如：,This is the man who gave me the money,这就是给我钱的那个人。,上句如删去从句,who gave me the money，,则成了,This is the man（,这是那个人。）完全失去了整个句子的意思，因而不能删掉。,另外，在意思上，有时限定性和非限定性定语从句的区别还是较大的。如：,In their class，there are fifteen students who can speak English well（,限定性定语从句）在他们班上有十五位英语说得好的学生。（可以看出他们班学生要多于十五位）,In their class，there are fifteen students，who can speak English well（,非限定性定语从句）他们班上有十五位学生，他们英语说得很好。（可以看出他们班上共有十五名学生，他们英语口语都好。）,考点分析4,综合考查引导宾语从句的连词和引导定语从句的代词的用法。,He said _ the man _ had robbed the bank had long hair,Awho；who Bwho；that,Cthat；who Dthat；which,简析,：该题为他说那个抢劫银行的男人留着长发。通过审题可发现在该复合句中，既包含了宾语从句，也包含了定语从句，根据宾语从句和定语从句的相关知识，可知正确答案应是,C,项。,考点分析5,考查把简单句转换为含有定语从句的复合句。,I like Chinese tea with nothing in it.(,同义句),I like Chinese tea _ _ nothing in it,简析,：原句意为“我喜欢中国清茶”。通过观察下句可知应用定语从句来修饰“,tea。,故正确答案为：,thatwhich has。,解题技巧,：定语从句常用来修饰名词或代词，来表达所修饰的名词或代词的特征。所以中考在该题型上常考查。,考点分析,6,考查“将含有定语从句的复合句转换为简单句”。,The girl who is wearing the red coat is very clever（,同义句）,The girl _ the red coat is very clever,简析,：读题后可知上句含义是“穿红上衣的女孩非常聪明”，对应下句时，可知空格处应填“穿”，故,in,是正确答案,。,解题技巧,：,in，with,连接短语或词组来修饰名词，表明名词的形态和特征。这类简单句可以转换为定语从句。如：,The strange thing with three legs was used for drinking long before,The strange thing whichthat has three legs was used for drinking long before,考点分析7,way,后面的定语从句。,I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.,A.that B.which C.in that D.by which,简析,：先行词,way,后面的定语从句有三种形式，第一，用,in which,引导；第二，用,that,引导；第三，省略,that,不用引导词.,Please tell me the way that you did the job.,=Please tell me the way you did the job.,=Please tell me the way in which you did the job.,考点分析8,考查定语从句中动词的时态。,Mike was looking at the photos that he _ in Beijing,Awas taking Btakes Chas taken,Dhad taken,简析,：该题中主句是过去进行时，因此首先排除,B、C,两项。再根据常识，又可排除,A,项。故只有,D,项为正确答案。,主谓一致：试对比：,I bought a book yesterdayIt was very interesting,The book which I bought yesterday was very interesting,I bought some books yesterdayThey were very interesting,The books which I bought yesterday were very interesting,解题技巧,：语境型时态题在近年各地中考试题中频频出现，在定语从句中考查动词的时态，使考生更难准确判断动词的时态。解该类题时，同学们一定要领会语境，然后再根据主、从句中动词的先后顺序来确定动词的时态。,总之，定语从句知识点繁多，但在现行教材中涉及到的内容较少。同学们在复习时，应注重基本知识的牢固掌握，对一些常见的考点熟记于心，再进行适当练习，中/高考时定能取胜。,