ISO 17405-原版完整文件.docx

INTERNATIONAL ISOSTANDARD 17405Second edition2022-04Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Technique of testingcladdings produced by welding,rollingand explosionEssais non destructifs Contrôle par ultrasonsTechnique d'essai desplacages produits par soudage,laminage et explosionReference number ISO 17405:2022(E)CISO 2022ISO 17405:2022(E)COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENTC ISO 2022Allrights reserved.Unless otherwise specified,or required in the context of its implementation,no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical,including photocopying,or posting on the internet or an intranet,without prior written permission.Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCP 401·Ch.de Blandonnet 8CH-1214 Vernier,Geneva Phone:+41227490111Email:copyrightiso.org Website: www.iso.orgPublished in Switzerlandii ISO 2022-All rights reservedISO17405:2022(E)Contents PageForeword iv1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 14 Personnel qualification 15 Ultrasonic test system 25.1 General 25.2 Requirements regarding probes 25.2.1 Single-transducer straight -beam probes for longitudinal waves 25.2.2 Dual-transducer straight -beam probes for longitudinal waves 25.2.3 Dual-transducer angle-beam probes for longitudinal waves 25.2.4 Adaption ofprobes to curved scanning surfaces 25.3 Additional requirements 35.3.1 Test ranges 35.3.2 Echo width 35.4 Instrument settings 35.4.1 Range setting 35.4.2 Sensitivity setting 56 Preparation of the test object 77 Test procedure 87.1 General 87.2 Probe movement 87.3 Checking the instrument setting 87.4 Recording levels 88 Test report 8Annex A (informative) Determination of the focal zone 10Bibliography 11C ISO 2022-All rightsreserved iiiISO 17405:2022(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization)is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies).The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees.Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.International organizations,governmental and non-governmental,in liaison with ISO,also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives,Part 1.In particular,the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted.This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives,Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards,the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO)principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT),seewww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44,Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 5,Testing and inspection of welds,in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)Technical Committee CEN/TC 121,Welding and allied processes,in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17405:2014),which has been technically revised.The main changes are as follows:the normative references have been updated; the terms have been aligned with ISO 5577;the term 3.2 test surface and its definition have been deleted; Clause 4 on Personnel qualification has been added;the requirements in 5.2.4 for the adaption of probes to curved surfaces have been modified;editorial corrections have been made.Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user's national standards body.A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html. Official interpretations of ISO/TC 44 documents,where they exist,are available from this page:https:/committee.iso.org/sites/tc44/home/interpretation.html.iv O ISO 2022-All rights reservedINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17405:2022(E)Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Technique of testing claddings produced by welding,rolling andexplosion1 ScopeThis document specifies the techniques for manual ultrasonic testing of claddings on steel applied by welding,rolling and explosion using single-transducer or dual-transducer probes.The test is intended to cover detection of two-dimensional or three-dimensional discontinuities in the cladding and in the region of the interface.This document does not give acceptance criteria nor define the extent of testing.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document.For dated references,only the edition cited applies.For undated references,the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)applies.ISO 5577,Non-destructive testingUltrasonic testing VocabularyISO 9712,Non-destructive testingQualification and certification ofNDTpersonnelISO 22232-1,Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification ofultrasonic test equipment Part 1:InstrumentsISO 22232-2,Non-destructive testingCharacterization and verification ofultrasonic test equipment Part 2:ProbesISO 22232-3,Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification ofultrasonic test equipment Part3:Combined equipment3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document,the terms and definitions given in ISO 5577 and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:ISO Online browsing platform:available at https:/www.iso.org/obpIEC Electropedia:available at https:/www.electropedia.org/3.1test objectpart to be tested4 Personnel qualificationPersonnel performing testing in accordance with this document shall be qualified to an appropriate level in accordance with ISO 9712 or equivalent in the relevant industrial sector.OISO 2022-All rights reserved 1ISO17405:2022(E)If a value for g larger than 0,5 mm results from Formula (1),the probe shall be adapted to the surface and the sensitivity and range shall be set accordingly.For spherical or complex shaped surfaces, Formula (1)shall be applied in both length and width direction of the probe(possible differences in curvature and/or probe dimensions).5.3 Additional requirements5.3.1 Test rangesThe ultrasonic instrument shall facilitate an expanded time base(“zoom mode”).5.3.2 Echo widthThe echo width visible on the screen shall be taken into account when assessing the suitability for coverage of the selected depth zone.This applies to all types of probes:single-transducer straight-beam probes,dual-transducer straight- beam probes,and dual-transducer angle-beam probes.5.4 Instrument settings5.4.1 Range settingRange setting of the ultrasonic instrument for accurate localization of discontinuities when using dual- transducer probes should be carried out using reference blocks as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2 for example,made of materials similar to the test object,or it maybe carried out on the test object itself.A dual-transducer straight-beam probe can,for example,be placed on the various steps of a step wedge calibration block.When dual-transducer angle-beam probes are used on a reference block as shown in Figure 2,for example,the reduced projected sound pathlength shall be lined up with the appropriate marks on the Screen.In this manner,it is possible to read the position of a reflector directly on the screen,i.e.for the setting with reduced projected sound pathlength as well as with depth positions.It is recommended tomark the range of any discontinuities to be detected on the screen according to their depth position (normally corresponding to the thickness of the cladding).When straight-beam probes are used,the range of the ultrasonic instrument should be set using multiple-echo series from a plane-parallel steel plate of known thickness and sound velocity (e.g. calibration block No.1 according to ISO 2400).Since transverse waves are also generated when angle-beam probes are used for longitudinal waves, care shall be taken to ensure that no erroneous indications of transverse waves are used during the setting procedure.In any case,these indications have a considerable larger time of flight than those of longitudinal waves.When reference blocks are used,all dimensions not specified shall be selected so that the measurement or setting is not impaired by echoes from the geometry of the test block.ISO 2022-All rights reserved 3ISO 17405:2022(E)Dimensions in millimetresKeyX Y 1 2 3distance along the beam axisecho height probelength of the focal zone focal distanceFigure 1Reference block for dual-transducer straight-beam probes and representation of thefocal zone4O IS02022-All rights reservedISO 17405:2022(E)Dimensions in millimetresKeyX distance along the beam axisY echo height1 length of the focal zone2 focal distanceFigure 2Reference block for dual-transducer angle-beam probes and representation of thefocal zone5.4.2 Sensitivity settingaFor sensitivity setting,it is recommended to choose reference reflectors (type,orientation andsizeaccording to the expected discontinuities.bA reference block with a cladding of the same type as the one to be tested shall be used for setting the sensitivity.c)The thickness of the cladding,the surface preparation,and the shape of the test surface shall be the same as those of the object to be tested (see Clause 6).d)If the probes have to be adapted to curved test surfaces,the reference blocks used shall also have test surfaces on which the probe fits,as specified in 5.2.4.O ISO 2022-All rights reserved 5ISO17405:2022(E)e For the detection of volumetric discontinuities,side-drilled holes of,for example,3 mm diameter and 30 mm length in the parent metal at the interface with the cladding should be used for sensitivity setting (see Figure 3).f)For claddings produced by welding,one hole shall be made perpendicular to the direction of welding and one parallel to this direction.g)For double-or multi-layer welded claddings,it can be necessary to use further holes between the individual layers.h)For the detection of planar discontinuities parallel to the test surface,flat-bottomed holes should be used for sensitivity setting with straight-beam probes (single-transducer or dual-transducer).i)For the detection of planar discontinuities perpendicular to the test surface,notches should be used for sensitivity setting with angle-beam probes.j In Figure 3,position 1 (dual-transducer straight-beam probe),position 2 (dual-transducer angle- beam probe)and position 3 (straight-beam probe)show how the reference reflector echo shall begenerated for setting the test sensitivity of the instrument. k)The echo height should be set to 40%of full screen height.1)When straight-beam probes are used,only reference blocks of the same or larger wall thickness as the test object shall be used.m)If these thicknesses are different,the corresponding difference of sensitivity shall be compensated.n)Note the gain required to set an indication to 40 %of the full screen height forpositions 1,2 and 3.oFor all probes,the noise level shall be determined by moving the probe across a representative area of the surface of the test object.pWhile this is done,the instrument gain shall be set so that