省略句考点讲义：其他常见的有关的省略类型总结（主语状语疑问词）知识点总结- 高考英语语法二轮复习专题.docx

高中英语语法 高考二轮复习省略句考点讲义【精讲版】其他常见的有关的省略类型总结（主语，状语，疑问词）知识点总结省略主语的例子 英语中的主语一般不可省略，但在口语中某些惯用表达也可省略。如：Beg your pardon. 请再说一遍。Havent seen you for ages! 好久不见了!Second the motion! 附议!Doesnt matter. 没关系。Serves him right! 活该!Looks like rain. 像是要下雨的样子。Glad to see you. 很高兴见到你。Hope to hear from you soon. 希望不久能接到你的来信。Must have gone home. 准是回家了。有时主语和助动词一起省略：(Do you) Want some? (你) 要一点吗?(Have you) Had a good time? 玩得好吗?(Weve) Got to go now. 得走了。(Im) Not feeling very well today. 今天感到不太舒服(Im) So pleased to have made your acquaintance. 认识了你很高兴。(Its) Nice day again. 又一个好天。 连系动词的省略 在口语中，有时可省略句中的连系动词。如：How you doing? 近况如何?说明：you 前省去了are，特别是在美国英语中。Your sister dead? 你的妹妹死了?说明：句首省去连系动词is。Everybody gone? 人都走了吗?说明：句首省去连系动词is。Everything in good condition. 样样东西都完好无损。说明：everything之后省去连系动词is。 在比较结构中，than和as后的主语+系动词，通常可省略系动词。如：Sally is as intelligent as Bill. 莎莉和比尔一样聪明。说明：Bill后省略了is。He is as quick in answering as his sister. 他回答得和他妹妹一样快。说明：sister后省略了is。His sister is quicker than he. 他妹妹比他敏捷。说明：he后省略了is。I m not as old as you. 我没有你年龄大。说明：you后省略了are。 承前省略连系动词。如：To know is one thing, and to teach quite another. 知道是一回事，教又是一回事。说明：to teach后省去了is。Our flat is on the first floor and theirs on the third. 我们的公寓在一楼，他们的公寓在三楼。说明：theirs后省去了is。He is a millionaire and his father without a cent. 他是百万富翁而他父亲却不名一文。说明：his father后省去了is。 在报纸标题中也通常省去连系动词。如：Arrests up for Economic Crimes 因经济犯罪而被逮捕之人数上升说明：arrests后省去连系动词are。Johnson Ready for Tokyo Meet  约翰逊准备参加东京运动会说明：Johnson后省去连系动词is。 whatever与however引导的让步状语从句可省去连系动词，如：I refuse, however favourable the conditions. 不管条件如何有利，我都不干。说明：conditions后省去了are。In our company, every body is well taken care of, no matter what his position (is). 在我们公司，每个人都得到很好的照顾，不管他地位如何。说明：his position后省去了is。Whatever her faults, shes Arnolds mother. 不管她有什么缺点，她总是安诺德的母亲。说明：her faults后省去了are。 省去连系动词的用法还见于富有诗意的文体中。如：She in tears. He gloomy and down-looking. 她泪流满面。他脸色阴沉而低垂着眼。说明：she和he之后皆省去连系动词was。How quick, how easy, the transition from despair to rapture. 从悲观失望到欣喜若狂，转变得多么快、多么轻易啊。说明：非省略结构应是How quick and how easy is. . . 。谈谈状语从句的省略问题 为了简洁起见，有的状语从句(如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句等)有时可省略从句的主语和部分谓语(尤其是当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包括有动词be时)：She fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework. 他在做作业时睡着了。While (he was) doing so, he trembled a little. 他这样做时稍稍颤抖了一下。He opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak. 他张开口，好像要说话似的。Often she would weep when (she was) alone. 她一个人时，常常哭泣。Id like to see you whenever (its) convenient. 在你方便的时候我想来看看你。If (you are) traveling north，you must change at Leeds. 如果你是向北行，你必须在里兹换车。【注】有些由if构成的省略结构，已属固定短语，如if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so：There are few, if any, mistakes in that book. 那本书就是有错误也不多。If necessary, ring me at home. 如果必要，可以打电话到我家找我。If possible, I wish to go there next summer. 如果可能，我希望明年夏天去。He may be busy. If so, Ill call later. If not, can I see him now? 他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?疑问词why引导的省略句 疑问词why引导的省略句中的不定式在当代英语中一般须省去to。如：1. 肯定形式Why talk so much about it? 这样大谈它干嘛?Youre fully insured, so why worry? 你已经全部保险了，那何必还担心呢?Why ask me? How should I know? 为什么问我? 我怎么知道?一I think I ought to tidy this place up. 我想我应该把这地方清扫一下。一Why bother? 何必麻烦呢?2. 否定形式Why not try again? 干嘛不再试呢?Why not go now? 现在就去好不好?Why notjust wait and see what happens? 何不静观其结果呢?Why not try to expand your story into a novel? 你怎么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢?Why not wait till the winter sales to buy a new coat? 为什么不等到冬季大贱卖时再买一件新外衣呢?3. why not单独使用Im not going to work today. 一Why not? 我今天不去上班了。为什么不呢?Lets eat out tonight. 一Yes, why not? 我们今晚出去吃饭吧。对，为什么不呢?Are you really going to sue them?一Yes, why not? 你真的打算控告他们吗?是的，为什么不呢?4. 与非省略句的替换对于一般现在时而言，它可与非省略句转换：你为什么不找点事干，比如给我擦洗汽车？正：Why not find something to do, like cleaning the car for me?正：Why dont you find something to do, like cleaning the car for me?对于一般过去时而言，它不能与非省略句转换只能用非省略形式，不能用省略句：为什么你没告诉我约翰已经离开了你?正：Why didnt you tell me John had left you?误：Why not tell me John had left you?what用于省略句 一、what引导的结构有时可用于省略形式1. Something is the matter, but I dont know what. 总有点不对劲，但我不知道是什么。句中的what=what it is。2. Ill tell you what. 让我告诉你怎么办。句中的what=what to do。二、no matter what引导的结构有时也可用于省略形式1. Ill always love you, no matter what. 我爱你，不管发生什么事情。句中的no matter what=no matter what happens。2. Ive decided to leave tomorrow, no matter what. 不管发生什么情况，我已决定明天走。句中的no matter what=no matter what happens。学科网（北京）股份有限公司