2014高考英语分类基础热身练单词2.pdf

2014高考英语分类基础热身练：单词基础自主回顾. 课标单词1_掩藏；躲藏 (vt.)2_假装(vi.)3_漫步；闲逛 (vi.)4_标志(着)vt.5_贸易(n.)6_ 华丽的；富丽堂皇的 (adj. hidepretendwandermarktrademagnificent 7_杂乱；混乱 (n.) _ 混淆；使迷惑 (vt.)_迷惑的，混乱的 (adj.)_ 令人迷惑的 (adj.)8_延长(vt.)_延伸；扩大 (n.)精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 9_记忆(n.) _记住；熟记 (vt.)_纪念物；纪念碑(n.)10_使人放松的 (adj.)_使放松 (vt.)_消遣；娱乐 (n.) _ 放松的 (adj.)confusionconfuseconfusedconfusingextendextensionmemorymemorizememorialrelaxingrelaxrelaxationrelaxed 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 11_美味可口的 (adj.)_味道，口味 (n.) _尝起来有味道 (vi.)12_引进；进口 (vt. & n) _(反义词) 出口13_废除(vt.)_(废除)n.14_ 庆典；庆祝 (n.) _ 庆祝(vt.)15_自由(n.) _自由的 (adj.)_ 使自由 (v.)tastytastetasteimportexportabolishabolishmentcelebrationcelebratefreedomfree精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - free 16_起源(n.) _原先的；最初的 (adj.) originoriginal . 常用短语1_ 结束2_装扮，打扮3_接手，接管4_由组成；由构成5_放弃6_过得愉快7_追溯到come to an enddress uptake overconsist ofgive up精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - have fundate back to 8_ 几乎，差不多；大约9_连续地；不断地10_ 秘密地；暗地里more or lesson endin secret . 重点句型1_ time passed, however, the carnival period was extended, so that it began just after Christmas.然而，随着时间的推移，狂欢节的时间被延长了，这样它就正好在圣诞节以后开始。答案： As 2For weeks on end people walked round the streets _， doing what they wanted _.连续几个星期人们戴着面具走在街上为所欲为而不会被认出来。答案： wearing masks; without being recognised 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 3Which of the festivals you have read or heard about in this module _ you _ go to?在这个模块里，你读到和听到的节日里，你愿意参加哪一个？答案： would; rather4. _ an immediate _ for _ on them.需要人们立刻到农场或庄园里工作。答案： there was; need; people to work . 模块语法1There were lots of people standing watching, yet no one of them _.A. offered to helpB. offered helpingC. was offered to helpD. was offering help答案： A 2Doctors and medical supplies _ to the scene of the accident.A. had rushed B. were rushedC. were rushing D. rushed精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 答案： B 3He kept a little notebook, in which _ the names and addresses of his friends.A. wrote B. was writingC. was written D. were written答案： D 4The mayor of London says that all construction work for the London Olympic _ by 2010.A. has been completedB. has completedC. will have been completedD. will have completed答案： C 5He is constantly _ not to do that, but he still goes on doing it all the same.A. telling B. being toldC. told D. to tell答案：B 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 考点探究解密考 点 解 读1hide vt.隐藏；掩饰 vi. 躲藏The sun was hidden by the clouds.精讲拓展：hide up 包庇坏人hide out口 躲藏hide away 躲藏；隐藏hide sth. from sb.把某事隐瞒着某人hidingU躲藏处， C 痛打hidden adj.秘密的；隐蔽的hide and seek捉迷藏注意： be hidden 是一个系表结构，表状态，类似的还有：be seated 坐下， be stationed驻扎等。误区警示： hide 的过去式，过去分词： hid, hidden。be hidden 是一个系表结构，表示状态。朗文在线：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - The bushes hid Daves bike completely from the passersby.灌木丛把戴夫的自行车完全盖住了，路过的人根本无法发现。Harry hid under the bed until they had gone.哈里一直躲在床下，直到他们离开。Dont try to hide anything from me!什么也别想瞒过我！命题方向： hide 作及物动词的用法以及过去分词hidden 作表语和状语的用法。活学巧练：(1)His words had a_(隐藏的)meaning.(2)She tried to_(掩饰)her feelings.(3) 他藏在门后。 (汉译英 )答案： (1)hidden (2)hide (3)He was hidden behind the door. (4)Its not proper for her to struggle to _ the truth about her past from her husband.A. hold B. hideC. defend D. cover答案与解析： B 考查动词词义辨析。 A项意为“抓住，保持” ，C项意为“防御”，D精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 项意为“盖住”，而 hide sth. from sb.意为“瞒着某人某事”。句意：对她来说竭力去对丈夫隐瞒她过去的真相是不合适的。2extend v 扩充，延伸，伸展，扩大；(军)使疏开，给予，提供精讲拓展：extend for 延续 (距离)extend from 从中伸出来extend from. into 从延伸 /插到里extend from. to.从绵延 /一直到extend out 伸出extend over 延续 ( 时间)，遍布extend through.贯穿，达到整个的长度extend through to(一直) 延伸到extended adj.伸出的，延长的，广大的，扩大范围的，长期的B10extension n 伸长，延长，延展，伸展朗文在线：The River Nile extends as far as Lake Victoria.尼罗河一直延伸至维多利亚湖。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - We extended the kitchen by six feet.我们把厨房扩大了6 英尺。My duties at the school extend beyond just teaching.我在学校的职责不只是教书。命题方向： extend 作不及物劝词的用法以及与expand的语意辨析。活学巧练：介 / 副词填空(1)The forest extends_ miles in all directions.(2)The repayment period will be extend_20 years_ 25 years.(3)The company plans to extend its operations_ Europe.forfrom.tothrough to 3pretend vt.假装，装作精讲拓展：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - pretendsth.伪称某事物 (尤用作借口 )to do.假装做to be n./adj.假装是to be doing.假装在做to have done.假装已做that clause 假装pretence n 假装；托辞；假象pretension n声称，主张，要求；自负朗文在线：The candidate pretended (that)she had worked for a newspaper before.这位候选人佯称她以前在一家报社工作过。Sarah pretended to be cheerful and said nothing about the argument.萨拉假装很开心，没有说起吵架的事。活学巧练：汉译英(1) 昨天他假装头疼。答案： (1)He pretended a headache yesterday. (2) 我们千万不要不懂装懂。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 答案： (2)We mustnt pretend to know what we dont know. (3) 当他遇到熊时就装死。答案： (3)He pretended to be dead when he met a bear. 4celebration n祝贺；庆祝；庆典精讲拓展：in celebration of为庆祝hold a celebration举行庆典 / 庆祝会celebrate vt. & vi.庆祝celebrate Christmas庆祝圣诞节celebrate ones birthday为某人过生日celebratory adj.庆祝的；庆典的朗文在线：Weve bought champagne to celebrate Jans promotion.我们买了香槟来庆贺简的提升。The Chinese celebrate their New Year in January or February.中国人在一月或二月庆祝自己的新年。命题方向：celebration作名词用时与相关单词的语意辨析及动词形式celebrate的精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 用法。活学巧练：完成句子(1)It was Christmas. Many people returned home from far away to_.圣诞节到了，许多人从外地回来过节。(2)A large inspection was held_ _ _the Armys 80th Anniversary.为庆祝建军八十周年，举行了大型阅兵式。hold a celebrationincelebrationof 5mark n分数；记号；标志；痕迹v标明；标志；打分数；批改a trade mark商标full marks满分get 90 marks for English英语得了 90 分mark down 减价；打折精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - mark out 画出界限mark. with.用作标记mark. on.在上作记号朗文在线：Winter coats have been marked down from $ 80 to $ 50.冬装已经从 80 美元降到了 50 美元。Her ability marked her out for political success.她的才能表明她必能在政治上取得成就。My students marked their names on their school uniforms.我的学生们在校服上标上了他们的名字。活学巧练：(1)I picked up a copybook in the schoolyard yesterday _ with name and class.A. marking B. to markC. marked D. being marked答案与解析： C 考查过去分词短语作定语。mark的用法是“ mark. with.” 。因此 a copybook 和 mark 之间是动宾关系，应该用过去分词，先排除A、B 两项，而 D项 being marked 表示动作正在进行，不合题意。因此选C。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - (2)(2009 云南玉溪一中模拟 )From the words _ on the old pot, we decide that it dates back to at least five hundred years ago.A. having been markedB. markedC. to be markedD. being marked答案与解析： B 句意：从刻在陶罐上的字来看， 我们认为它至少有500年的历史了。marked为过去分词作定语。6come to an end完结精讲拓展：begin/start at the wrong end开始就错bring sth. to an end使停止 / 结束at the end of在的尽头put an end to sth.结束；停止make ends meet 收支平衡to an end 徒劳；无益to the end到底精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - to the end of time永久in the end最后；终于误区警示： come to an end为不及物的动词短语，后面不能接宾语。接宾语时须用put an end to或 bring sth. to an end。The liberation put an end to their days of hardship.解放了，他们受苦受难的日子终于结束了。朗文在线：The job came to an end last month.那项工作上个月完成了。Winning the competition put an end to his financial problems.在比赛中获胜使他的财政问题随之消失。命题方向： come to an end与相关短语的辨析。活学巧练：We have to wait until the discussion between them_.Amakes an end Bcomes to an endCputs an end Dbrings to an end答案与解析： B 句意：我们必须等，直到他们之间的讨论结束。A、C、D 三项均应精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 用被动结构。故选B项。7dress up 打扮；装饰精讲拓展：be dressed in穿着dress sb. down狠狠地训斥某人；揍某人all dress up and nowhere to go打扮得漂漂亮亮却无处去炫耀误区警示： dress 与 wear 都有“穿、戴”的意思。dress 给( 某人)穿衣，后接人。She dressed her baby.她给孩子穿衣。wear 后接衣物、首饰等。She wore a diamond necklace.她戴着一条钻石项链。朗文在线：He went to the party dressed up as a Chicago gangster.他装扮成一个芝加哥歹徒去参加晚会。I keep a box of old clothes for the children to dress up in.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 我保存着一箱旧衣服让孩子们穿着玩。We dressed him up as s gorilla.我们把他装扮成大猩猩。命题方向： dress 作及物动词和不及物动词用法上的区别。活学巧练：介 / 副词填空(1)How do you normally dress_ work?(2)He dressed_ and went out for a party.(3)He was dressed_ for what he had done.(4)The man dressed_ a suit is Mr. Wolf.atupdownin 8in secret秘密地；暗地里精讲拓展：in secretsecretly秘密地in the secret参与秘密精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 19 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - keep the secret保密keep sth. secret对某事保密let sb. into the secret让某人知道秘密make no secret of毫不掩饰 be secret about sth.对某事严守秘密误区警示：在表示自然/ 宇宙等的奥秘时， secret常用复数形式： the secrets of nature/the universe。朗文在线：Lilian cried in secret, afraid to tell anyone.莉莲偷偷地哭，不敢告诉任何人。Howard made no secret of his disappointment.霍华德毫不掩饰他的失望。命题方向： in secret作为副词短语作状语的用法。活学巧练：The girl_no secret of her feelings in public.Amakes BtakesChides Dkeeps精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 20 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 答案与解析： A 这个女孩在公共场合下从不掩饰自己的情感。9There was a(great) need for sb. to do sth.精讲拓展：There is/was a(great)/no need (for sb.) to do sth. (不)需要某人干某事There is/was a (great)/no need for sth./sb. (不)需要某物 (人)There is/was no possibility to do sth. 没有可能干某事There is/was no time to do sth. 没有时间干某事There is/was no doubt to do sth.毫无疑问干某事There is no point in doingThere is no sense in doing做没有意义 / 用处朗文在线：Is there any need to explain further？ Is there any need for further explanation?有必要更进一步说明吗？There is no need for you to wait.你不必等了。There is a great need for a new book on the subject.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 21 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 非常需要有一本这方面的新书。The meeting is due the day after tomorrow, so there is no need for us to go today.预计后天开会，所以我们今天就没有必要走了。活学巧练：汉译英(1) 埋怨也没什么用，人家根本不理睬。答案： (1)There is not much point in complaining, they never take any notice. (2) 既然你回来了，我就没有必要再帮你洗衣服了。答案：(2)Now that you have returned, there is no need for me to wash the clothes for you. (3)_is no need for primary students to work at their desks all day long.AThere BItCWhat DThat答案与解析： A “There is no need” “没有必要”10复习被动语态1被动语态的基本知识(1) 概念精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 22 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动语态。(2) 构成是： “助动词 be及物动词的过去分词”助动词 be 有时态、人称和数的变化，也可以构成否定式或疑问式。(3) 用法：被动语态常用于下列场合需要强调动作的承受者；只知道动作的承受者，不知道谁是动作的执行者；论述科技内容的文体需要强调客观性和科学性。The bridge was made of stone.这座桥是石头砌的。A lot of people were killed in the fire.许多人丧生于火海中。(4) 构成形式精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 23 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 2. 较为复杂的被动语态结构(1) 涉及动词短语的被动结构The plants should be taken good care of.这些植物应该好好呵护。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 24 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - When it rained, the soil was carried away down the hills, and into the rivers.下雨时，土壤被冲到山下，冲进了河中。(2) 涉及双宾语 / 补足语的被动语态结构。Mr. King was told to remove his trousers.有人要金先生脱掉裤子。(3) 涉及副词修饰语的被动结构。Chaplin was soon recognized as a great actor.很快人们就把卓别林看作一个伟大的演员。They have been greatly helped by this new computer.他们得到了这台新计算机的很大帮助。(4) 汉语中有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中常用被动结构表示。It is said that.据说It is hoped that.希望3通常不能用于被动语态的动词(1) 不能用于被动语态的某些( 表示特定意义的 )及物动词： fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost等。The key just fits the lock.(不能说 The lock is fitted by the key.)本钥匙仅精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 25 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 用于这把锁。The box can hold all your clothes.(不能说 All your clothes can be held by the box. 这只箱子能装下你所有的衣服。但可以说The sports meet will be held next Wednesday.运动会将在下周三举行。hold 表示“召开”。) (2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词短语：agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 等。Your story agrees with what has already been heard.你的故事与人们曾听说过的相符。(3) 不及物动词无被动语态，容易出错的有：appear, die, disappear, end, fail, fall, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand等。Our difficulties will soon disappear.我们的困难会很快过去的。(4) 不及物动词短语无被动语态。此类动词词语有：break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等。The quarrel broke out again.争吵又发生了。(5) 系动词无被动语态。此类动词有：appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 26 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - The dish tasted good.这道菜尝起来很好吃。4get 型被动语态用“get 及物动词的过去分词”构成，其中get 相当于 be 动词，起助动词的作用。The workers get paid by the hour.工人们是按小时计酬的。5被动语态与系表结构。两者形式相似，但含义不同。The book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。 ( 被动语态强调动作 )The book is well written.这本书写得好。 ( 系表结构，表示主语的特点或所处的状态) 活学巧练：(1)In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is servedC. serves D. served答案： B 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 27 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - (2) This is Teds phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killed B. is killedC. was killed D. was killing答案： C (3)When and where to go for the onsalary holiday _ yet.A. are not decidedB. have not been decidedC. is not being decidedD. has not been decided答案： D (4)The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that fourfifths of the tickets _.A. was booked B. had been bookedC. were booked D. have been booked答案： B 考 题 演 练精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 28 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 1. Poor Steve! I could hardly recognize him just now!_. He has changed so much.A. Never mind B. No problemC. Not at all D. Me neither答案与解析： D 本题考查情景交际。由句意“他已经改变了这么多”可知“我也没认出他来”，故选 D项。2In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.A. marking B. markedC. having marked D. being marked答案与解析： A 本题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。此处为现在分词短语作状语。3_ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.A. It has B. They haveC. It remains D. There remains答案与解析： D 本题考查固定句式。希望同学们在学习中一定要记牢一些特殊的固定句式，这样才能在考场上做到游刃有余。句意：关于那项规划的实际价值人们仍存怀疑。此句为There be 结构，构成句式There be/ remains. doubt.，故选D项。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 29 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 4It is often _ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.A. said B. to sayC. saying D. being said答案与解析： A 本题考查固定句式It is said that.。类似的还有 It is reported that.意为“据报道”。句意：经常听人说人类天生有说话的能力。It is said that.为固定句式，意为“据说” 。5Shall we go out for dinner tonight?_.A. You are right B. It must be funnyC. That sounds great D. Have a nice time答案与解析：C 考查交际用语。问句为“提出建议”，答语为“同意”， 用 That sounds great. 或 Its a good idea.。6Our waiter, who seemed to have a bad cold, kep