2020中考真题英语（浙江嘉兴卷）（解析版）.doc

2020年浙江省初中毕业生学业水平考试（嘉兴卷）英语试题卷考生须知:1. 本试题卷分卷一(选择题)和卷二（非选择题）两部分。请考生使用规定用笔,将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。做在试题卷上无效。2. 全卷共9页,6大题。满分为 120分。考试时间为 120分钟。温馨提示:答题前请仔细阅读答题纸上的"注意事项"。说明:本卷共有两大题,40小题,满分60分。一、完形填空阅读下面短文,然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。When you hear the world hero, you may think of someone like Mahatma Gandhi or Nelson Mandela. But there are also "everyday" heroes-they may not be _1_ to the public, but they do what they can to help _2_ people's lives as well. Everyday heroes are normal people who are working to make the world a better place. _3_ them is Robert Lee. Lee grew up in New York City. _4_ his family was not rich, he learned from a young age the importance of _5_ the waste of food. When in college, he was part of a student group that gave out leftover（剩余的）food to _6_ people. This experience made him realize how _7_ the problem of food wastage actually was. After he left university, Lee and a friend set up a（n）_8_ called Rescuing Leftover Cuisine（RLC）. Its purpose is to collect _9_ food from restaurants and send it for free to shelters（收容所）and food kitchens. Volunteers _10_ the food from restaurants around the city and hand it out to those in need. RLC operates _11_. Using an app developed by Lee's team, restaurants _12_ how much leftover food they have each day. Then volunteers are sent to fetch it. The _13_ is usually short, so volunteers can just do their deliveries（递送）by _14_ from the restaurants to the shelters. Lee believes this is a quick way of delivery. So far, Lee and his team have successfully _15_ over 150,000 kilograms of food, serving almost 300,000 _16_ to people who need them. Lee has shown that a _17_ action can help people around us greatly. _18_ may have a greater influence than we imagine. When Lee is asked _19_ his next plan is, he says there's still a lot to do. "It's just the _20_. With more restaurants, who knows how much more we can do."1. A. safeB. closeC. friendlyD. well-known2. A. recordB. shareC. improveD. manage3. A. UnderB. BesideC. AmongD. Opposite4. A. IfB. AsC. WhenD. Though5. A. storingB. avoidingC. burningD. recycling6. A. sickB. blindC. lonelyD. homeless7. A. easyB. seriousC. funnyD. strange8. A. clubB. schoolC. businessD. organization9. A. coldB. cheapC. unsoldD. uncooked10. A. pick upB. go overC. pay forD. throw away11. A. badlyB. quietlyC. simplyD. slowly12. A. reportB. noticeC. discussD. consider13. A. visitB. breakC. meetingD. distance14. A. flyingB. walkingC. skatingD. shipping15. A. savedB. heatedC. lentD. grown16. A. jobsB. mealsC. roomsD. seats17. A. smallB. secretC. directD. social18. A. ItB. HeC. YouD. They19. A. whoB. whenC. whatD. where20. A. needB. timeC. promiseD. beginning【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. D【解析】本文主要向我们介绍了罗伯特·李和他的团队在节约粮食、避免食物浪费上做出的努力。【1题详解】句意：但也有“日常”英雄他们可能不为公众所知。safe安全的；close近的，紧密的；friendly友好的；well-known众所周知的。分析“When you hear the word hero, you may think of someone like Mahatma Gandhi or Nelson Mandela. But there are also "everyday" heroes-they may not be _1_ to the public”可知，当听到英雄这个词时，可能会想到著名的甘地或曼德拉，但是在日常生活中也有英雄，此处表示“不为人所知的，不出名的”的含义，与前句作对比。故选D。【2题详解】句意：但他们也在尽力帮助改善人们的生活。record记录；share分享；improve提高，改善；manage管理。根据后句“Everyday heroes are normal people who are working to make the world a better place.”可知，每天的英雄都是为把世界变得更美好而努力的普通人，所以他们在尽力地帮助改善人们的生活。故选C。【3题详解】句意：罗伯特·李就是其中之一。Under在下面；Beside在旁边；Among在之间；Opposite在对面。联系上下文可知，前文提到日常的英雄，后文向我们介绍了罗伯特·李，所以罗伯特·李是这些英雄中的一个。故选C。【4题详解】句意：由于他的家庭并不富裕，他从小就懂得了避免浪费食物的重要性。If如果；As因为；When当时；Though虽然，尽管。分析句子可知，此处说明他知道避免浪费食物的重要性的原因，是因为家庭并不富裕。故选B。【5题详解】句意：由于他的家庭并不富裕，他从小就懂得了避免浪费食物的重要性。storing储存；avoiding避免；burning燃烧；recycling回收。根据后文内容可知，他致力于不浪费粮食，所以此处强调“避免”含义。故选B。【6题详解】句意：在大学的时候，他是把剩余的食物给无家可归的人的学生团体中的一员。sick生病的；blind盲的；lonely孤独的，偏远的；homeless无家可归的。根据后文“Its purpose is to collect _9_ food from restaurants and send it for free to shelters（收容所）and food kitchens.”可知，食物是被送去收容所和食物厨房，所以是帮助无家可归的人吃饱。故选D。【7题详解】句意：这次经历使他认识到食物浪费问题的严重性。easy简单的；serious严重的，严肃的；funny滑稽的；strange陌生的，奇怪的。分析句子可知，此处表示“这次经历使他认识到食物浪费问题的严重性”，食物浪费是个严肃认真的问题，其他三项不符合语境。故选B。【8题详解】句意：大学毕业后，李和一个朋友创办了一家名为“拯救剩菜”(RLC)的组织。club俱乐部；school学校；business生意；organization组织。根据后文“Volunteers _10_ the food from restaurants around the city and hand it out to those in need.”可知，志愿者们将从城市各处的餐馆中找到食物并分发给需要的人，所以推测RLC是一个组织。故选D。【9题详解】句意：其目的是为了收集卖剩的食品从餐厅和免费送到收容所和食品厨房。cold冷的，冷漠的；cheap便宜的；unsold卖剩的；uncooked未煮过的。根据后文“Using an app developed by Lee's team, restaurants _12_ how much leftover food they have each day.”可知，是餐馆剩余的食物量，所以此处强调“卖剩的”食物。故选C。【10题详解】句意：志愿者们从城市各处的餐馆获取食物，分发给那些需要的人。pick up捡起，获得；go over复习；pay for付款；throw away扔掉。分析“Volunteers _10_ the food from restaurants around the city and hand it out to those in need.”可知，志愿者们从各个餐馆获取剩余的食物再分发给需要的人，此处强调“获取，得到”。故选A。【11题详解】句意：RLC组织的运作简单。badly坏地；quietly安静地；simply简单地；slowly缓慢地。根据后句“Using an app developed by Lee's team, restaurants _12_ how much leftover food they have each day.”可知，RLC组织通过使用应用程序，餐馆可以报告他们每天的剩菜量。所以运作是很简单的，其他三项不符合句意。故选C。【12题详解】句意：通过李的团队开发的一款应用程序，餐馆可以报告他们每天的剩菜量。report报告；notice通知；discuss讨论；consider考虑，认为。分析上下文可知，通过应用程序，餐馆上报剩余的食物，然后志愿者会去把剩余的食物拿回来，所以此处强调“报告”的含义。故选A。【13题详解】句意：距离通常是短的，所以志愿者可以步行从餐馆到避难所进行递送。visit参观；break简短，休息；meeting会议；distance距离。分析“The _13_ is usually short, so volunteers can just do their deliveries（递送）by _14_ from the restaurants to the shelters. Lee believes this is a quick way of delivery.”可知，此处使用的修饰词是“短的”，且这是一种快速的交付方式，所以此处强调“距离”是短的。故选D。【14题详解】句意：距离通常是短的，所以志愿者可以步行从餐馆到避难所进行递送。flying飞；walking步行；skating溜冰；shipping坐船。根据前句“The _13_ is usually short”可知，距离是短的，所以“步行”即可。故选B。【15题详解】句意：到目前为止，李和他的团队已经成功地节约了15万公斤的食物，为将近30万需要食物的人提供了食物。saved拯救，节约；heated加热；lent借出；grown成长。分析上下文可知，李和他的团队是为了节约粮食，避免粮食浪费，所以此处强调“节约”。故选A。【16题详解】句意：到目前为止，李和他的团队已经成功地节省了15万公斤的食物，为将近30万需要食物的人提供了食物。jobs工作；meals餐；rooms房间；seats座位。分析上文内容可知，李和他的团队将剩余的食物送给有需要的人，所以此处强调与食物相关。故选B。【17题详解】句意：李已经证明了一个小小的行动可以极大地帮助我们周围的人。small小的；secret秘密的；direct直接的；social社会的。分析“Lee has shown that a _17_ action can help people around us greatly.”可知，此处强调“一个小小的行动可以极大地帮助我们周围的人”，与greatly形成对比。故选A。【18题详解】句意：它的影响可能比我们想象的更大。It它；He他；You你/你们；They他们。分析句子可知，此处指代前文的“_17_ action”，表单数，故选A。【19题详解】句意：当李被问到他的下一个计划是什么时，他说还有很多事情要做。who谁；when何时；what什么；where何地。分析“When Lee is asked _19_ his next plan is”可知，此处用于宾语从句中作表语，表示“下一个计划是什么”，强调“什么”。故选C。【20题详解】句意：这只是开始。need需要；time时间；promise承诺；beginning开始。根据后句“With more restaurants, who knows how much more we can do.”可知，有更多要去做的，所以“这只是开始”，此处强调“开始”。故选D。二、阅读理解阅读下面五篇材料,然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。AFUTURE VIEWIt will be great if there is some kind of fuel(燃料）we can use in cars that wont produce any pollution. I guess there are scientists right now trying to do that, and I hope theyll succeed because the world would be a much cleaner place, wouldnt it?CharlieI think it will be great if they invent something so that we only have to sleep for one or two hours every day. Then wed all have much more time to do things and to enjoy ourselves. Life would be better, I think, and everyone would do a lot more with their lives. MiguelIf I could choose anything, Id go for a time machine so that I could go back and do some things differently. Of course, It will be great if there thats impossible but wouldn't it be great if it was possible? I wish I could go back in time to when I was a kid and say some of the things in a different way! HannahWell of course, the best thing is medicine for rally bad diseases（疾病）.A lot of scientists are working very hard to stop diseases like Ebola, a terrible disease that has killed many thousand people in Africa. So if they found a special treatment for Ebola, or a way of completely preventing it, life would be easier in so many places. IsabellaI wish there was a machine that did homework! Wouldnt tat be fantastic? But I guess teachers wouldnt be very happy. Georgina21. Why does Hannah want to go back in time?A. To be young again.B. To live a better life.C. To do something for Africans.D. To say some words differently.22. Who might be worried about the pollution of the world?A. Miguel.B. Isabella.C. Charlie.D. Georgina.23. In which part of a newspaper may this passage appear?A. Health.B. Science.C. Travel.D. Education.【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B【解析】本文介绍了五个人对未来的希望，他们的希望都与科技有关。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文中“I wish I could go back in time to when I was a kid and say some of the things in a different way!”可知，汉娜之所以想回到过去，是因为她想以不同的方式说话。故选D。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据文中“It will be great if there is some kind of fuel(燃料）we can use in cars that wont produce any pollution.”可知，如果有一种不会产生任何污染的汽车燃料，那就太好了，由此可以看出查理对环境污染感到担忧。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文中“I think it will be great if they invent something so that we only have to sleep for one or two hours every day.”、“If I could choose anything, Id go for a time machine so that I could go back and do some things differently.”、“A lot of scientists are working very hard to stop diseases like Ebola, a terrible disease that has killed many thousand people in Africa.”、“It will be great if there is some kind of fuel(燃料）we can use in cars that wont produce any pollution.”、“I wish there was a machine that did homework!”可知，文中内容主要涉及发明、时间机器、科学家正努力阻止疾病和新型无污染燃料，这些都与科技有关，所以该文章会在报纸的科技部分出现。故选B。BIs there a connection between music and language? According to recent studies, the answer is yes: Music helps develop certain language abilities in the brain. A study from Northwestern University shows that playing a musical instrument can improve a person's hearing ability. As a part of the study, two groups of people listened to a person talking in a noisy room. The people in the first group were musicians, while those in the second group had no musical training. The musicians were found to be able to hear the talking person more clearly. Musicians hear better, says study leader Nina Kraus, because they learn to pay attention to certain sounds. For example, when the violinists play in an orchestra（管弦乐队）, they must listen closely to what they are playing and ignore(忽视)the other sounds. In this way, musicians can hear certain sounds better, even in a room with lots of noise. Gotfried Schlaug, a doctor at Harvard Medical School, works with stroke(中风)patients. Because of their illness, these people cannot say their names, addresses, or other information normally However, they can till sing. Dr. Schlaug was surprised to find singing words helped his patients finally speak. Why does this work? Schlaug isn't sure. Music seems to be able to make different parts of the brain active, including the bad parts. In some way, this helps patients use those parts of the brain again. So music is not only enjoyable, but also good for us in many other ways. Playing an instrument or singing, says Nina Kraus, can help us do better in school and keep our brain sharp as we get older.24. What were the people in the first group asked to do in the study of Northwestern University?A. Listen to different kinds of music.B. Make some noise in an empty room.C. Give the second group musical training.D. Find out what the talking person was saying.25. The writer uses the example of violinists in Paragraph 3 to explain_.A. how musicians play in an orchestraB. how musicians ignore certain soundsC. why musicians have better hearing abilityD. why musicians are not afraid of loud noise26. Gottfried Schlaug helps his stroke patients speak by_.A. playing music for themB. getting them to sing wordsC. teaching them to play instrumentsD. joining the bad parts of their brain27. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To introduce different ways of playing music.B. To give some advice about making our brain active.C. To show the relationship between music and language abilities.D. To share the results of recent studies on treating stroke patients.【答案】24. D 25. C 26. B 27. C【解析】本文谈论的是音乐和语言之间的联系。结果表明，演奏乐器可以提高一个人的听力能力，甚至能帮助一个生病的人变得更好。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“The people in the first group were musicians, while those in the second group had no musical training. The musicians were found to be able to hear the talking person more clearly. 第一组是音乐家，而第二组没有受过音乐训练。音乐家们被发现能更清楚地听到说话的人。”，可知第一组的人被要求找出谈话的人在说什么，故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“For exampleIn this way, musicians can hear certain sounds better, even in a room with lots of noise. 例如，当小提琴手在管弦乐队中演奏时，他们必须仔细倾听他们正在演奏的东西，而忽略其他声音。这样，音乐家可以更好地听到某些声音，即使是在一个有很多噪音的房间里。”，可知作者用小提琴手的例子来解释为什么音乐家有更好的听力，故选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Dr. Schlaug was surprised to find singing words helped his patients finally speak.”，可知Gottfried Schlaug通过让中风患者唱歌来帮助他们说话，故选B。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“According to recent studies, the answer is yes: Music helps develop certain language abilities in the brain. 根据最近的研究，答案是肯定的：音乐有助于培养大脑的某些语言能力。”，可知这篇文章的主要目的是说明音乐与语言能力的关系，故选C。CIt's late evening in the middle of the winter. The snow is deep, but off I go into the wild. Suddenly I hear it: the howl（嚎叫)of wolves. Excitedly, I walk faster in the direction of the howling. I've been working as a volunteer wolf tracker in Yellowstone National Park for over a year It's my job to follow wolves to record information about them. Like wolves, however, I don't work alone. I'm one of a team of people who have been in a project to help reintroduce wolves to the park. Humans have always feared wolves. From fairy tales to movies, the wolf is always the bad guy a danger to humans and other animals. In the 1920s, the organizers of the park shared this view about wolves and made the decision to drive them away from the park. As a result, the number of elk （麋鹿）in the park increased. The elk started looking for food near river banks since they didn't have to worry about wolves. This, in turn, stopped trees from growing along the rivers, doing great harm to the environment there. The return of wolves has already made a big difference. To begin with, the elk soon learned to stay away from the rivers, so new trees have been able to grow there. The trees become home to new wildlife, such as birds, and provide food for more animals. The park is now becoming more and more popular with those who want to see wolves in their natural environment. It has also helped the local people make more money. Tourists visit the area, stay in the local hotels, and eat in the local restaurants. Looking at the wild animals and the beautiful sceneries around me, I am amazed at the changes the wolf has made to Yellowstone. And happily, it is playing a good guy in this story. 28. According to the passage, one of a wolf trackers jobs is to_.A. catch wolves in the parkB. feed wolv