2022八下一单元英语知识点总结.docx

2022八下一单元英语知识点总结 八下一单元英语学问点总结U1Willpeoplehaverobots?语法小结：一、一般将来时1用bedoing表示将来,：主要意义是表示按安排、支配即将发生的动作。它常表最近或较近的将来，所用动词多是转移动词。如go，come，leave，arrive，move等(1)Imgoing.我要走了。(2)Whenareyoustarting?你什么时候动身？表将来的现在进行时除用于转移动词外，亦可用于某些非转移动词。如：(1)Immeetingyouafterclass.课后我找你。(2)WhatareyoudoingnextSunday?下星期你准备干什么？2用begoingtodo表示将来：一是表示“意图”，即准备在最近的将来或将来进行某事。e.g.:Areyougoingtopostthatletter?Howlongishegoingtostayhere?另一意义是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种状况。e.g.:Itsgoingtorain.基本结构：Shewillcometohaveclasstomorrow.Willshecometohaveclasstomorrow?Shewontcometohaveclasstomorrow.Whatwillshedotomorrow?二、Therebe结构1.therebe结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。e.g.:Thereisgoingtobeameetingtonight.今晚有个会议。Therewasaknockatthedoor.有人敲门。Therehasbeenagirlwaitingforyou.有个女孩始终在等你。Therewillberainsoon.不久天就要下雨了。2.动词be单复数形式要依据就近一样原则来变换be的单复数形式。e.g.:Thereisabookonthedesk.课桌上有一本书。Howmanypeoplearethereinthecity?这个城市里有多少人口？Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。Therearetwobooksandapenonthedesk.课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。三、单词重点解析1.everything每件事情谓语用is.EveryingisOK.部分否定：NoteverythingisOK.比较：something,anything,nothing（1）后面接形容词Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Theresnothinginterestinginthenewspaper.（2）something用于确定句，用于疑问句是表示征询看法。表示恳求或建议的疑问句，如wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?canyougivemesomethingtodrink?Anything用于否定句和疑问句。Isthereanythinginthatbox?可以用于确定句中，无论什么：Iwantsomethingtoeat,anythingwilldo.nothing：（后接形容词、不定式等）没什么；没什么东西；无物：Theresnothinginterestinginthenewspaper.报纸上没有什么好玩的新闻。Heshadnothingtoeat.他还没有定下吃。2.Paper假如表示“纸张”，是不行数名词假如要表示数量，须要搭配量词，如twopiecesofpaper，其复数体现在量词上3.Few,afew比较近fewer,最高级fewestHehasafewfriendsthere.Thelakeisnotnear,sotheres_few_peoplegoingswimmingthere.few+可数名词.极少,几乎没有afew一点,一些,几个+可数名词litter,alitter比较级是less最高级是leastlittle+不行数名词几少,几乎没有alittle+不行数名词一点点,一些4.pollution动词是pollute5.space空间,太空Thetabletakesupalotofspace.这张桌子占去许多地方。6.fly动词过去式flew.flownTaketooktakenFall-fell-fallenWhite-wrote-writtenCome-came-comeThink-thought-thoughtMake-made-made7fallinlovewithBeinlovewith8.alone与lonely的区分alone既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，意为“独自的（地）、单独的（地）”，侧重于说明独自一人，没有同伴或助手，指的是客观状况。.alone用作形容词时，一般与be动词连用，在句中作表语。例如：Sheisaloneathome.（她独自一人在家。）Heisnotaloneinthisidea.（有这种想法的不只是他一个人。）.alone用作副词修饰动词时，应当放在动词后面作状语。例如：Iliketoworkalone.Idontlikelivingalone.lonely只用作形容词，它在句中既可作定语，也可作表语，表示“孤独的，孤独的”意思。其比较级形式为lonelier。.lonely意为“孤寂的”等。例如：Atheart,I”malonelyman.（内心深处我很孤独。）WeneverfeellonelyinShanghai.（在上海我们从不感到孤独。）IwasalonebutIdidn”tfeellonely.（我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。）.lonely无人烟的，荒芜的，偏僻的用作表语时，可以表示“孤寂的，孤独的”意思。例如：That”salonelyisland.（那是一个荒芜的岛屿。）9.beabletodo=can能10.dressup装扮dressupas装扮成dresssbup装扮某人11.反身代词数人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves其次人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfherselfitselfthemselvesteachoneselfsth./learnsth.byoneself自学loseoneselfin沉醉于，沉醉于之中enjoyoneself玩得兴奋，过得开心helponeselftosth请自用（随意吃/喝些）.12.predictvt.预言;预料;预报+that+wh-Hepredictedthatanearthquakewascoming.他预言即将发生地震。etrue实现Mydreamwillcometrue.14.unpleasantadj.使人不开心的pleasantadj.使人开心的两者都强调客观事物本身的状况。Anunpleasantday修饰物Pleasevi.请，使兴奋pleasesb让某人兴奋Pleasedadj.感到开心的，满足的bepleasedwith对感到满足，兴奋bepleasedtodosth很兴奋去做某事Impleasedtohearaboutyournews.听到你的消息我很兴奋。15.hundredsof,thousandsof成千上万,millionsof4hundred,4million16.seem好像seem+adjEverythingseemseasy.一切好像很简单。Seemimpossibleseem+名词Heseemedanhonestman.他看上去像是个醇厚人。seem+不定式Themathsproblemseemstobedifficulttoworkout.seem+like+n./V-ing，意思是"看起来像"Itseemslikeraining.Thereseemstobe.,意为"好像有；似乎有"Thereseemstobenoworkforyoutodonow.看来现在没有工作须要你做了。Itseems/seemed+asif从句Itseemsasifhewereinadream.看来他像是在做梦。17.get/beboredwith对感到厌烦betiredof对感到乏累beangryat/aboutsth.因某事而生气beinterestedin对感爱好beexcitedaboutabout对觉得很兴奋bestrictin/with对严格四、课文难句解析1.Doyouthinktherewillberobotsinpeopleshomes?Yes,therewill.Ithinktherewillberobotsinpeopleshomes.Whatdoyouthinksallywillbeinfiveyears?宾语从句+陈述句语序区分Whodoyouthinkisthebestmoviestar?doyouthink插入语2.Willpeopleusemoneyin100years?一百年后人们还会运用钱币吗？in100years在100年之后“in+一段时间”常用在将来时态中,表一段时间之后。e.g.:I"llcomeinanhour.我一小时后来。I"llseeyouagaininthreedays.三天后我再见你。3.Therewillbelessfreetime空闲时间会更少。Less：adj较少的(little的比较级)，修饰不行数名词，其最高级是least；反义词是more.e.g.:Jane"slessbeautifulthanMary.Peoplewillusethesubwaysless.4.Peoplewilllivetobe200yearsold.live+tobe+基数词+yearsoldLivevi.生活，居住liveinBeiJing住在北京5.Whatsportwillsheplay?Do/playsports做运动6.Idon"tagree我不同意。-Iagree.我同意。1)表示“同意某人看法”时用agreewithsb.，该短语不能用于被动语态。e.g.:Didyouagreewithhim?你同意他的看法吗?2)要确定一样事情用onCanweagreeonadateforthenextmeeting?我们能不能为下次会议确定一个时间？(3)涉及一件建议或安排用to。Heagreedtoourplanfortheholiday.他已经同意我们关于假日的安排了。4)agree后还可以接不定式，不接动名词，表示“同意做某事”。e.g.:Theyagreedtoleavetomorrowafternoon他们同意明天下午动身。6.Asareporter,IthinkIwillmeetlotsofinterestingpeople.asprep.作为和like做对比，like是像Hetalkedtomelikemyfather.Hetalkedtomeasmyfather.As+adj/adv的原级+as和一样not+As+adj/adv的原级+as和不一样Thisfilmisasinterestingasthatone.Thisfilmisnotasinterestingasthatone.若有修饰成分，twice,threetimes等，则置于第一个as之前Yourbagistwiceasexpensiveasmine.Asaspossible尽可能Pleaseanswermyquestionassoonaspossible.Thesame+adj+assb/sth和一样的Scientistsarenowtryingtomakerobotslooklikepeopleanddothesamethingsasus.7.Ontheweekend,Illbeabletodressmorecasually.Beabletodosth=can8.Whatdoyouthinktheweatherwillbeliketomorrow?你认为明天的天气怎样?1)What"stheweatherlike?是询问天气怎么样，相当于Howistheweather？Whatbelike?可以用来征求对方对某事的看法或看法，意思是“怎么样?”类似的说法还有Whatdoyouthinkof?Howdoyoulike?等句型。e.g.:Whatisthebooklike?Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?Howdoyoulikethebook?你觉得这本书怎么样?What"stheweatherliketoday?Howistheweathertoday?今日天气怎么样?2)Whatisare1ike?可用来提问天气状况，也可用来对人(或物)的外观、外貌提问，还可以用来对其特性提问。e.g.:What"stheweatherliketoday?今日天气怎么样?What"stheyounggirllike?那个年轻女孩长什么样?Whatwasthebooklike?那本书怎么样?9.Thereweremanyfamouspredictionsthatnevercametrue有很多从没成为现实的闻名的预料。1)本句中thatnevercametrue是个定语从句，用于修饰先行词predictions，that为引导词，作定语从句的主语，不行省略。2)cometrue指“志向，幻想等实现”。come是连系动词；true是形容词，做连系动词come的表语。e.g.:Mydreamwillcometruesomeday.有一天我的幻想会实现。Herdreamtogotouniversityhascometrue她上高校的愿望实现了。10.Predictingthefuturecanbedifficult.动词做主语，加上ing11.Hethoughtthatcomputerswouldneverbeusedbymostpeople.1)宾语从句，前面是过去式，后面是过去形式。主句是过去式，一般将来时改为woulddo2)被动。一般将来时，willbedone12.Somescientistsbelievethattherewillbesuchrobotsinthefuture.However,thetagreeitmaytakehundredsofyears.Suchadj.如此的，这样的.Such+a/an+adj+可数名词单数或者such+adj+不行数名词/可数名词复数.Itssuchaniceday.so+adj/adv+a/an+可数名词单数,so+adj/adv+不行数名词/可数名词复数Itssogreatacountry.还有somany/much/few/littleIttakessbsometimetodosthPay,cost,spend13.Hethoughtthatcomputerswouldneverbeusedbymostpeople.情态动词被动语态14.Japanesecompanieshavealreadymaderobotswalkanddance.现在完成时扩展阅读：八年级下英语第一单元学问点总结Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?词汇（1）人民教化出版社eorgodownfromforceofweight,lossofbalance,etc;drop;become落下；跌落；变成示例Thebookfellofftheshelf.这本书从架子上掉了下来。用法fall用作动词时，主要有两种用法。一种是作为实义动词，可以和介词或副词搭配，表示“落下；跌落”，例如：Ifellbackinmychair.我跌坐到自己的椅子上。另一种是作为系动词，与形容词连用，表示进入某种状态，如：fallasleep入睡（进入睡眠的状态）。fall的动词过去式是fallen。fall用作名词时，表示“落下；降低”，例如：Isatlisteningtothefalloftherainontheroof.我坐着听雨点落在屋檐上的声音。fall还可以表示“秋天”，与autumn意思相同。词汇扩展常用搭配：fallasleep入睡fallbehind落后于（某人或某物）falldown跌落fallinlovewith宠爱；爱上falloff掉下fallover跌落；被绊倒谚语：Hewhodoesnotadvancefallsbackward.不进则退。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄兵必败。2.aloneadv.Withoutanycompanions独自地；孤独地示例Idon"tlikegoingoutaloneafterdark.我不情愿天黑后独自外出。用法解析along和lonely：（1）alone既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，意思是“独自的（地）；单独的（地）”，侧重于说明独自一人，没有同伴或助手。alone和onone"sown，byoneself意思相近。alone用作形容词时，一般与be动词连用，在句中作表语。例如：Sheisaloneathome.她独自一人在家。alone用作副词修饰动词时，放在动词后面作状语。例如：Iliketoworkalone.我喜爱独自一人工作。alone用作副词时，也可作定语，意思是“只有；仅仅”，但必需置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。例如：Thisyearalone,we"vealreadyplantedtenthousandtrees.仅是今年，我们已经载了一万颗树。（2）lonely只用作形容词，它在句中既可作定语，也可作表语，表示“孤独的；孤独的”。该词带有“孤寂”的感情色调。用作定语时，意思为“孤寂的；荒芜的；偏僻的”等。例如：That"salonelyisland.那是一个荒芜的岛屿。Lonely用作表语时，可以表示“孤寂的；孤独的”。例如：IwasalonebutIdidn"tfeellonely.我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。词汇拓展常用搭配：let/leavesomebody/somethingalone不干涉某人或某物；听其自然letalone不管；不必考虑谚语：Anevilchanceseldomcomesalone.祸不单行3.dressv.putclothesonyourselforsomeoneelse穿衣示例Issheoldenoughtodressherselfyet?她会自己穿衣服了吗？用法dress还可以用作名词，表示“女服；连衣裙；服装”。例如：Maryworealongreddresslastevening.玛丽昨晚穿了件红色的连衣长裙。辨析dress，puton和wear：（1）用作动词时，dress既可以表动作，也可以表状态，常用人作宾语，意思是“穿衣服”，例如：Sheisonlyagirlofthree.Shecan"tdressherself.她只是一个三岁的女孩，她还不能自己穿衣服。须要留意的是，在表示“给自己穿衣”时，我们通常说dressoneself(=getdressed)；当dress表示状态时，一般要用bedressedin结构，例如：Shewasdressedinaredcoat.她穿着一件红色的上衣。（2）puton意思是“穿（戴）上”，强调动作。例如：Heputonhiscoatandwentout.他穿上外套就出去了。（3）wear意思是“穿（戴）着”，强调状态。例如：Lucy"smotheroftenwearsapairofglasses.露西的母亲经常戴着一副眼镜。词汇扩展常用搭配：dress(somebody)up(insomething/assomebodyorsomething)化妆装扮谚语：Eattopleasemyself,butdresstopleaseothers.吃是使自己受用，穿是使别人受用。Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?词汇（2）人民教化出版社1.unpleasantadj.notpleasant;notenjoyable使人不开心的；不合意的示例Thereisanunpleasantsmellfromthisroom.这屋子里散发出一种难闻的气味。用法unpleasant可以表示“令人不快的；厌烦的”，例如：Ifoundhismannerveryunpleasant.我觉得他的看法厌烦极了。词汇拓展相关词：unpleasantlyadv.厌恶地反义词：pleasantadj.令人开心的记忆导航unpleasant是由pleasant加上否定前缀un-构成的。类似这种构词法的词还有：able有实力的unable没有实力的；happy兴奋的unhappy不兴奋的。2.hundredn.thenumber100;averylargenumberofthingsorpeople（一）百；很多（事物或人）示例Thetreewasprobablyahundredyearsold.这棵树可能已经有一百年了。Hundredsofpeopleattendedthefamousdirector"sfarewellconcert.好几百人出席了这位闻名指挥家的告辞音乐会。用法hundred用于数词或含有数量意义的词之后，一般不用复数形式，例如：threehundred,afewhundred等。但当hundred表示“成百的；很多的”意思时，它面前不用详细数字，而常用hundredsof结构。留意hundred在这个结构中要用复数形式，前面可加some，afew，several等词修饰。例如：Hercoatcosthundredsofdollars.她的外套价值几百美元。类似的搭配还有thousandsof数以千计的；很多的，millionsof数以百万计的；多数的。词汇拓展谚语：Onegoodheadisbetterthanahundredstronghands.上百双有力的手，不如一个聪慧的头脑。Tohearahundredtimesisnotsogoodastoseeonce.百闻不如一见。3.suchadj.ofthesamekindasthethingorpersonwhichhasalreadybeenmentioned这（那）样的；这（那）种示例Henoticedhernecklace.Suchjewelsmusthavecostalot,hethought.他留意到了她的项链。他想，这样的首饰确定价格不菲。用法辨析such和so：（1）such是形容词，意思是“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”，修饰名词。例如：Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulplacebefore.我从未见过这么美的地方。须要特殊留意的是，such修饰单数可数名词时，应当根据如下词序：such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词。（2）so是副词，意思是“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地”，修饰形容词、副词和分词。例如：Ihaveneverseensobeautifulaplacebefore.我从未见过这么美的地方。同样，须要特殊留意的是，so修饰单数可数名词时，应当根据如下词序：so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词。此外，当名词前有few，many，little，much等修饰词时，要用so。例如：somanypeople，sofewdays，somuchtime，solittlemoney等。词汇拓展常用搭配：suchas例如suchandsuch某某；这样那样的谚语：There"snosuchthingasafreelunch.世上没有免费的午餐。Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?词汇（3）人民教化出版社1.inprep.在之后（用于将来时）in100years在一百年后Peoplewillhaverobotsintheirhomesin100years.一百年以后，人们家中会有机器人。比较：after在之后（用于过去时，表示从过去某时间起一段时间之后）Hewillcomebackintwohours.他两小时后会回来。Hecamebackaftertwohours.他是两小时后回来的。2.less,fewer比较少；more比较多less是little的比较级，修饰不行数名词fewer是few的比较级，修饰可数名词more是much和many的比较级much修饰不行数名词，many修饰可数名词Ihavelessmoneythanhehas.我的钱比他的少。Therearemorebuildinginthiscitythaninthatcity.这个城市的楼房比那个城市多。3.fallinlovewith.爱上LastyearIvisitedtheartexhibitionandfellinlovewiththeworkofPicasso.去年我参观了艺术展，爱上了毕加索的作品。4.akindof.一种；somekindsof.几种akindofbook一种书fivekindsofflowers五种花manydifferentkindsofgoldfish各种不同的金鱼（fish单复数相同，此处是复数）5.aswellas也；与too同义Helikesthisbookandhelikesthatbook,too./Helikesthisbookaswellasthatbook.他喜爱这本书，也喜爱那本书。Shecancomehere,too./Shecancomehereaswell.她也能来。6.worthadj.值；值得；相当于价值Thishouseisworth$10000.这个房子价值一万美元。be(well)worthdoingsth.（很）值得做Thatfilmis(well)worthseeing.那部电影（很）值得看。Thesebooksareworthreadingtwice.这几本书值得看两遍。7.knockdown.击倒，撞倒；拆除knockdownthepins击倒球柱knockdownthemachine拆除机器knock组成的词语还有：knockon(at)thedoor敲门knockintosb.撞了某人knockup叫醒Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?词汇（4）人民教化出版社1.predictionn.预言，预料predictv.predict+that后接从句，如Theweatherforecastpredictssunshinefortomorrow.天气预报说明天阳光明媚。Ipredictthathewillwin.我预料他会赢。2.papermoneypapern.纸，纸张，是不行数名词，如apieceofpaper。papermoney中paper是名词做定语，表材质，只用单数。newspapern.报纸，可数名词3.spacen.表示“宇宙，空间时”，不行数名词；通常前面不用冠词。Therearemanystarsinouterspace.在太空中有许多恒星。Travelthroughspacetootherplanetsinterestsmanypeople.现在许多人对穿越太空去其他星球旅行感爱好。4.besidesprep.除了还；相当于aswellas,inadditionto。如：Besidesbasketball,healsoplayssoccerwell.除了打篮球以外，他踢足球也踢得很好。AllofuspassedbesidesJohn.除了约翰外，我们也都及格了。IalsowenttherebesidesMary.除了玛丽我也去了。Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?语言要点广东省教化厅教研室1.-WhatdoyouthinkSallywillbeinfiveyears?-Ithinkshe"llbeadoctor.2.-Whatdoyouthinklifewillbelikein100years?-Everyhomewillhavearobot.3.-Willkidsgotoschool?-No,theywon"t.They"llstudyathome.4.-Therewillbefewertrees.5.robot,creditcard,leisuretime,pollution,astronaut,apartment,rockets,spacestation,moon,fewer,less,fallinlovewith,WorldCup,inthefuture,thesameas,helpwithUnit1Willpeoplehaverobot?写作人民教化出版社学校要举办Myfutureisnotadream.的演讲竞赛，请你写一篇演讲稿参与竞赛。参考句型及词汇：Intenyearsormore,Iwill.try,studyhard,keepfit,workwell,makeachievement,achievesuccess.写作点拨：写演讲稿时应留意：1.就本文来说可先描述对将来的畅想，然后写为了实现这样的幻想应当如何去做，最终表明自己的决心。2.畅想将来时，应用一般讲来时。参考范文：MyFutureisnotadream.Future!Whatanexcitingword!VeryoftenIaskmyself:"Whatwillthefuturebelike?"SometimesIsitatmydesk,daydreaming.CouldImakegreatachievementinthefuture?Willmyfuturebeabedofrose?CanIgraspthechanceswhentheycometome?Intenyearsormore,willIbeworkingasascientist,ateacherorasoldier?Afterwork,whatotherthingscanIdo?MaybeIcangotomanyplacesandseetheworld.AndI"llhavemoreleisurehoursforbooks.TherearesomanybooksIwanttoread.I"llgoswimmingintherealsea,andtoskateonrealice!Facingthefuture,Icouldn"thelpfeelingexcited.Asajuniormiddleschoolstudent,firstofallImuststudyhard,keepfitandworkwell.Furthermore,IwilllearnEnglishwell.I"lldomybestandI"msureI"llachievesuccess.Ifeelconfidentformyfuture.Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?阅读（1）人民教化出版社ReadthefollowingpassageandChoosethebestanswers(读短文，选择最佳答案。)Peoplebegantomakerobotsaboutseveralhundredyearsago.Inthepast,someoftheearlyoneslookedlikeanimalsorhumans.However,theycouldn"ttalkandwereprettydumb.Theyworkedlikeclocksanddidthesamethingsoverandover.Nowmodernrobotsdon"talwayslooklikepeople.Somearelikebigmachines;othersarenothingbutlongarmsattachedtoboxy(箱子般四方)bodies.However,modernrobotsaresmart.Somecansolveproblemsontheirown.Theirbrainsarecomputersandtheireyesaresensors(传感器).Motors(发动机)helpthemmove.Inthefuture,robotswilllearnfromtheirmistakesmorethantheydonow.Theywillbesmarter.It"spossiblethatwewillhaverobotjudges,robothouse-holdworkers,androbotfactoryworkers.Robotswillhelppeopletodomorethings.()1Howlongisthehistoryofrobots?AHundredsofyearsBSeveralhundredyearsCSevenhundredsyears()2What"sthepossiblemeaningof"dumb"?ATalkinglikepeopleBCleverCUnintelligent()3MostrobotslooklikepeopleAInthepastBNowCInthefuture()4Whichofthefollowingisfalseaboutmodernrobots?ASomerobotscansolveproblemsontheirownBSomerobotsarelikebigmachinesCSomerobots"brainsaresensors()5Whatcan"trobotsdointhefutureaccordingtothepassage?ATheycanhelppeopledohouseworkBTheycanworkinfactoryCTheycanhavebrainsaspeople参考答案：1.B2.C3.A4.C5.CUnit1Willpeoplehaverobots?阅读（2）人民教化出版社WriteTfortrueorFforfaIseforeachsentenceaccordingtothepassage(依据短文推断对错。)RobotsseemverynewtomostpeopleButtheyhavealonghistoryThefirstonewasmadebyaGreekinventor.Youmayseerobotsinsomefilms.Therobotsinthesefilmsarestronger,fasterandclevererthanpeople.Inreallife,mostrobotsareusedinfactories.Theyareusedtodomanydangerous,difficultorboringjobs.S