2022非谓语动词学案.docx

2022非谓语动词学案篇一：高中英语非谓语动词经典学案 教育是一项良心工程 网址： 非谓语动词学案 1.非谓语动词的句法功能： 教育是一项良心工程 网址： 2.现在分词（主动进行） 3.过去分词（被动完成） Done 4. 教育是一项良心工程 网址： 考点一：非谓语动词做状语 1.不定式作状语（目的，结果，原因，程度） 1.表目的 Eg：He worked day and night to get the money. 注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： （×)To save money, every means has been tried. ()To save money, he has tried every means. 2.表结果（表示意外的，未曾预料到的结果） Eg：We hurried all the way to the airport, onlythat the flight had been called off because of the foggy weather. Abeing told Bto be told Chaving told Dto have been told 教育是一项良心工程 网址： 1.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.A. toldB. to tell C. to be told D. telling 2.He was busy writing a story， onlyonce in a while to smoke a cigarette. A.to stop B.stoppingC.to have stopped D.having stopped 3.We hurried there a note pinned on the door,us the postponement of the meeting Ato find; to inform Bfinding; informed Conly to find; informing Dfound; inform 3.表原因 Eg：They were very sad to hear the news. 4.表程度 Eg：Its too dark for us to see anything. 5.作独立成分 Eg：To tell you the truth, I dont like the way he talked. 现在分词做状语，过去分词做状语（相当于一个状语从句） 2.现在分词做状语 1.作时间状语 Hearing the bad news,they couldn't help crying. =on hearing the bad news,they couldn't help crying. =as soon as they heard the bad news,they couldn't help crying. While playing the piano,she got very excited. =While she is playing the piano,she got very excited. Having turned off the radio,he began to go over his lessons. =after turning off the radio,he began to go over his lessons. =after he had turned off the radio,he began to go over his lessons. 2.作原因状语 Being so angry,he couldn't go to sleep. =because he was so angry,he couldn't go to sleep. Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didn't go last week. Because/as he had been to the Great Wall many times,he didn't go last week. 3.作方式状语，表示伴随(作伴随状语的分词表示的动作, 必须是主语的一个动作, 或是与谓语所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生, 或是对谓语表示的动词(或状态)作进一步地补充说明。) He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. He sat on the sofa, watching TV. (=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.) 他们笑着谈着走进了教室。 Laughing and talking , they went into the classroom. 他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。 He stood leaning against the wall. (He stood and leaned against the wall.) 8. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, 教育是一项良心工程 网址： _ away. (NEMT 2022) A. run B. runningC. to run D. ran 9. “We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob,_out of the window. (NMET2004) A. looking B. to lookC. looked D. having been looked 4.作结果状语 He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. =He dropped the glass, so it broke into pieces. 5.作让步状语 Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 6.作条件状语 (If)Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 7.与逻辑主语构成独立主格 分词做状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。例：Seen from the hill，the village seems quite small.Seeing from the hill，you can find the village quite small. 如果其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，就需要在分词前加上自己的逻辑主语，使其变成一个独立主格结构。例如：The boy having finished his exercises，the teacher let him away.The exercises done，the students went home.While watching television, _.(NMET2022) A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard. 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。 All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。 Time permitting, well do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。 有时也可用with (without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式 With the lights burning, he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。 作独立成分 Judging from(by)his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。 Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。 8. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 9. _, the boy couldnt enter his house. A. Since the key has lost B. The key been lost 篇二：非谓语动词学案 高一英语非谓语动词学案（2022.6.25） 非谓语动词的形式： 非谓语动词的句法功能 一、 分词、不定式做定语 1.基本形式： The houses 2. 不定式做定语： 1） 不定式为 Vt, 或所修饰的n./pron.是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面应有相 应的介词。但是所修饰的名词为time,place,way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. He had no money and no place to live (in). I need a pen to write with . (I will wirte with the pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字) Get him something to eat.给他拿点儿东西吃。 2) 含义不同： -Im going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I ) -Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now逻辑主语不是I ) Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent? I have a little baby to look after .(I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看) I have a lot of work to do. 3) the first/second/third/the last + (n.) + to do sth. 或名词被最高级，no,all, any 等限定的中心词修饰，且不定式与中心词为主动关系。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. He was the best man to do the job. He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系） She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting . 4) 用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way ,reason, moment, time 等。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English? I have no chance to go sightseeing. Boiling water 沸腾的水falling leaves 正在下落的叶子 Boiled water烧开过的水（白开水）fallen leaves 已经落下的叶子 Freezing wind 刺骨的寒风 frozen food 冷冻食品 Developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 4. 分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别 a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 动名词= a stick for walking something to do 不定式= something that I should do a walking stick=a stick for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing sleeping pills=pills for sleeping Those wishing to join the club should sign here. The boy rushed into the burning woods to save the animals. The baby recognized his mothers smiling face. A walking man =a man who is walking. The rising sun=the sun which is rising. 二、不定式、分词作状语的用法： 1.基本形式： 1. 不定式做状语 Helen had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.(目的) He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.(结果) His parents died, leaving him an orphan. My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China. To look at him, you would like him. I am very glad to see you. I am so sorry to hear about your failure in business. He was too excited not to say a few words.他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。 He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。 She is too tired to do the job. He got up early in order to catch the first bus. The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 2.分词作状语： When offered help, one often says”Thank you.” Or “Its kind of you.”(时间) Arriving in Qingdao, I lost my way.（时间） Be careful while/when crossing the street.（时间） Living far from the school,have to get up early every morning.（原因） Not knowing her address, I might as well telephone her to come over.(原因) Generally speaking, when taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. Having smoked too much, one of my friends has suffered from lung cancer.(原因) Having finished his homework, he went to bed. Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. Working hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.(条件) Knowing all this , I still want to see it for myself.(让步) Having tried many times, he still couldnt succeed.(让步) He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time (伴随) It hasnt rained for months, making the crops hard to grow.(结果) Its burning hot today （程度） It was freezing cold yesterday.(程度) Mary is an amazing beautiful girl.(程度) Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head. Frightened (=Because / As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone. Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. Given (If we were given) more time, we could do it better. Left (Although he was left) at home, John didn't feel afraid at all. The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students. Hearing the news, tears came down.（X） 如果前后主语不是同一个，要在分词状语前加上主语： It being fine, we will go outing tomorrow. Fingers injured, the worker was sent to hospital. Juding from his accent, he is from the south. To tell you the truth, I am a little tired. Considering your health, youd better have a rest. To make matters worse, it began to rain. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. He came out of the library, (with) a large book under his arm. The girl staring at him, he didnt know what to say. Her glasses broken, she couldnt see the words on the blackboard. There being no bus, we had to walk home. The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book. Computers very small, we can use them widely. The lights off, we could not go on with the work. Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 5.独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句。但是独立主格结构转换为状语从句后，它有自己的逻辑主语，与主句的主语不一致；而分词短语转换为状语从句后，从句的主语与主句的主语一致。 If time permits, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. =Time permitting, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. 如果时间允许,我们最好周末去度假。 When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. =Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们发现这个城市更美了。 分词结构的逻辑主语并不总是和主句的主语一致，也可以是主句的其他成分。Searching for the thief in the city, it had taken the policemen a long time. （Searching短语的逻辑主语是主句中的policemen） I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room. I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday. 篇三：非谓语动词学案学生版简洁 非谓语动词学案(学生版) I.不定式（The Infinitive） 定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，（二）不定式做表语 eg My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. Your mistake was not to write that letter. 在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有时态和语态的变化又有自己的宾语和状语。 动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。 Try _. 尽量下次不要再迟到。He _. 他希望我们永远不要再见到她。二、动词不定式的用法： 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 （一）不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。 e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult. To lose heart means failure. 完成句子：To see is _. 眼见为实。 To wait is better than _. 等待比离开好。 注: 1) 不定式作主语时,谓语用_数 2) 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中： (1) It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do It?s good/kind/nice/bad/clever/wise/silly/stupid/foolish/ honest (2) It is/was +adj.+for sb.+to do It is easy / difficult / hard / probable/possible / right / wrong / unnecessary/important (3) It is +a +名词+(for) to do. ?It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one?s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job to do (4) It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience to do ? It requires courage / patience / hard work to do 完成句子： It?s kind_。你帮我是好的 It?学生考试作弊是愚蠢的 It?s an honor_. 参加这样重要的会议我们对我们是一件荣誉的事。 对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。 It?s good manners_. 排队等候是很有礼貌的。It made us very angry _ 听到他那样跟他妈妈说话我们很生气。 十分钟完成这件工作是难的。 从这乘飞机到巴黎用我们两个小时的时间。 完成句子： Our plan is _for the peasants? children. 我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。 The problem is _. 问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。 （三）不定式作宾语 以不定式结构为宾语的动词有：ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词） 想要学习 早打算（ want、 learn 、plan） 快准备 有希望（ prepare 、hope、 wish、expect） 同意否 供选择（agree、offer、choose） 决定了 已答应（decide、be determined、promise） 尽力去 着手做（manage、undertake） 别拒绝 别假装（refuse、pretend） 失败不是属于你（fail） e.g. Tom refused to lend me his pen.We hope to get there before dark. 另外，不定式在某些复合宾语中作宾语时，常常用it代表不定式，而将真实宾语放在补足语之后。如： Do you think it better to translate it in this way? I feel it my duty to serve the people heart and soul. 汉译英： I feel _. 我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。 All of us think _. 大家认为学好英语很重要。 你认为不去更好吗 （四）不定式做宾语补足语 如： He want you to be his assistant. I saw her cross the street. 完成句子： 我想请你帮我做英语练习。 我从来没想到鞋子这么快就穿破了。 注:1. 如果谓语动词为感官动词或使役动词，在主动语态中作宾补的不式不可带to，这些动词有三使、两听、五看、一感觉、半帮助。have, make, let, hear, listen to, watch, see, look at, observe, notice; feel, help等。 I felt my blood run cold. What made you think like that? 但如果句子是被动语态，则to不可省略。 He was made to clean the windows as a punishment. Someone was heard to come up the stairs. 完成句子： Though he often _, today he was made_ by his little sister. 尽管他经常弄哭他的小妹妹，但今天他却被他的小妹妹弄哭了。 He is often heard_. 经常有人听到他唱这首歌。 注:2. get,等词也有“让”“叫”的意思，和使役动词意思相近，但它后面的不定式作宾语补足语必须要有to。如： 完成句子： Ill get him _. 我将让他再试一次。 注: 3. allow, permit, advise, consider, forbid,等跟doing 作宾语，跟 不定式做宾语。但refuse, agree, hope, demand等不跟复合宾语。 （五）动词不定式做定语 序数词、形容词最高级或被only, last, next等词修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。 完成句子： He is always _. 他总是第一个来最后一个离开。 The next person _ is Dr. Baker. 下一个出席会议的人是贝克先生。 还有一些名词经常带不定式作定语。如：attempt, decision, promise, plan, intention, failure, wish, determination, ability, time, way, chance, courage, opportunity等。如： We students should have the courage to face any difficulty. 注意：不定式为不及物动词或所修饰的名词是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词。 完成句子： _ Some people have no house _(住) especially in Beijing. The fox found a box _(站着). Could you lend me a pen _(写字) This is the tool _(劳动). Give me a piece of paper _(写字). I have nothing _(担心). 如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词： He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem. （六）不定式做状语 不定式做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、结果、原因 等。 1、 表目的 例如：To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best He came here in order to see Charlie. I turned the radio down so as not to disturb him 完成句子： _ the young plants from the sun, Mother put them in the shade. 为了保护幼苗不被太阳晒坏，妈妈把它们放到了阴凉处。 He got up very early this morning _. 今天早上他起身很早以免上学再迟到。 注：1. in order to置于句首或句中 ， so as to只放在句中. In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen. 注：2.不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语 e.g. He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly. 判断正误：To save money, every means has been tried. To save money,