小学英语四种基本句型-肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句.doc
- -肯定句、否认句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的详解一、肯定句、否认句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句定义1肯定句：表示肯定的意思, 即不含有否认词“不。我是一个学生I am a student.他去上学 He goes to school.2否认句：表示否认的意思。我不是一个男孩。I am not a boy他不去上学 He does not go to school.3. 一般疑问句：答复为“是yes或者“否no的问句。你是一个学生吗？Are you a student?你喜欢英语吗？Do you like English?4. 特殊疑问句：答复不是“是yes或者“否no的问句，根据提问内容具体答复。现在几点了？Whats the time?哪一支笔是你的？Which is your pen?二、肯定句、否认句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的相互转换有am, is, are的句子肯定句变否认句：在am, is, are后面加上not,其余按顺序照抄。肯定句变一般疑问句：把am, is, are提前放到句首并大写Am, Is, Are,其余照抄。肯定句变特殊疑问句就划线局部提问：分3步骤第一步：先变一般疑问句第二步：找适宜的特殊疑问词代替划线局部划线局部不能在特殊疑问句中出现第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线局部。1 肯定句、否认句和一般疑问句的互换肯定句：This is a book.否认句：This is not a book.一般疑问句：Isthis a book?肯定答复：Yes, it is. 否认答复：No, it isnt.2 就划线局部提问(变特殊疑问句)This is a book.第一步：变一般疑问句Isthis a book?第二步：找适宜的特殊疑问词Isthis what ?第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线局部。What isthis?没有am, is, are的句子肯定句变否认句：在主语后面加上do not或者does not,其余按顺序照抄动词用原形肯定句变一般疑问句：在句首加do或者does并大写,其余照抄。注意：动词用原形肯定句变特殊疑问句就划线局部提问：分3步骤第一步：先变一般疑问句第二步：找适宜的特殊疑问词代替划线局部划线局部不能在特殊疑问句中出现第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线局部。1.肯定句、否认句和一般疑问句的互换非单三时用do, 单三时用does非单三肯定句：I like English.一般疑问句：Do you like English?否认句：Ido not like English.单三肯定句：HelikesEnglish.一般疑问句：Does he likeEnglish?否认句：Hedoes notlikeEnglish.2.就划线局部提问(变特殊疑问句)I like English.第一步：先变一般疑问句Do you like English?第二步：找适宜的特殊疑问词代替划线局部Do you like what?第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线局部。What do you like?常用特殊疑问词及词组：when 什么时间问时间what date 什么日期 问具体日期who 谁问人what place什么地点问具体地址whose 谁的 问主人how 怎么样 问情况where 在哪里 问地点how old 多大 问年龄which 哪一个 问选择how many 多少 问数量why 为什么 问原因how much 多少 问价钱what 什么 问东西how about 怎么样 问意见what time 什么时间 问时间how far 多远 问路程what colour 什么颜色 问颜色how long 多长 问时间what about怎么样 问意见How soon 多快，多久 问时间what day 星期几 问星期How often多久 问频率三句子的种类类别用法标点例句陈述句肯定表达一件事情或 说明说话人的看法.This is a bag.That's my book.否认I can see a bag over there.I don't know.疑问句一般用于提出问题?Are you a student?Do you like puppets?Can you speak English?特殊用于提出问题?What's your name?Where's my bag?How many trees are there? 用于提出问题? 选择Is your friend a boy or a girl?反意用于提出问题?It's a fine day, isn't it?祈使句表示命令或请求、建议.或！Put it here!Look at the noticeboard.感慨句表示惊讶赞美愤怒 等强烈情感！How smart!Glad to see you!What a nice pencil case!特殊：1.some变为anyThere are some birds in the tree.There aren't any birds in the tree. 但是，假设在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。Would you like some orange juice? 与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进展相应变化。2.and变为orI have a knife and a ruler.I don't have a knife or a ruler. 3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或muchThey have a lot of friends.可数名词They don't have many friends. There is lots of orange in the bottle.不可数名词There isn't much orange in the bottle. 4.already变为yet I have been there already.I haven't been there yet.熟记变特殊疑问句时，容易判断错的情况。1、 数词表示年龄：He is fifty-five. How old is he ?表示时间：Its fifty-five. Whats the time?表示加法：Six and two is eight. Whats six and two?表示价格：The shirt is thirty yuan . How much is the shirt?表示多少：I have three brothers. How many brothers do you have?2、 姓名和人表示人名：My name is Gina. Whats your name?表示人：The woman is Gina. Who is the woman ?3、 长度和距离表示距离：Its five hundred metres away from here. How far is it from here?表示长度：Its five hundred metres. How long is it ?4、 颜色，东西表示颜色：The shoes are white. What color are the shoes?表示物：They are white sheep. What are they?表示颜色：They are white sheep. What color are these sheep?5、 名词所有格和人表示名词所有格：Shes Lucys sister. Whose sister is she?表示人：Shes Lucys sister. Who is she?练一练1(用特殊疑问词填空)：1、A: _ is the boy in blue? B:Hes Mike.2、A: _ wallet is it? B:Its mine.3、A: _ is the diary? B:Its under the chair.4、A: _ is the Chirstmas Day? B: Its on the 25th of December.5、A: _ are the earphones? B:They are 25 yuan.6、A: _ is the hairdryer? B:Its blue.7、A: _ is it today? B:Its Sunday.8、A: _ was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October.9、A: _ this red one? B:Its beautiful.10、A: _ is it from here? B:Its about two kilometres away.11、A: Can I have some paper and some crayons? B: _ ? A: I want to make a kite. 12、A:_ one is fatter, the blue one or the red one? B: The blue one.13、A:_ is your cousin? B: Hes 15 years old.14、A:_ do you have dinner? B: At 6 oclock练一练2： 1、 Its a book. (改一般疑问句)2、 My father is in the study. (对划线局部提问)3、 Do you watch TV every Sunday? (做肯定答复)4、 This picture is very beautiful. 改为以what引导的感慨句5、 Kick the ball to me! (改为否认句)6、 I have a big present. 对划线局部提问7、 There are some orange trees on the farm. (改为单数句子)练一练3：1._ is this? Its a rubber.2._ _ rubbers are there in the pencilbox?3._ _ is your brother? Hes nine.4._ are they? They are cows.5. _ are you? Im fine.6. _ do you feel? We are happy.7._ is your father? He is a dentist.8._ does he goto school? He goes to school by bus.9._ are the ducks? They are on the river.10. _ is his name? He is Martin.11. _ _ new books have you got? Five.12._ _ is the tree? Its green.13. _coats are these? Marys.14. _ is on the desk? There is a glass.15. _ _ is this book? Its very interesting.练一练4对画线局部提问：1 They bought a new bike yesterday._2 She is a nurse ._3 She is my teacher._4 He bought the red one ._5 It is my coat ._6 I am looking for my sister ._7 I get up at six ._8 I am from Hubei ._9 I went to school late because I got up late._10. It is windy . _11. I am getting on well with it. _12. My bag is red . _13. The book is Li Huas. _14. I like math best. _15. They are five yuan . _16. I wash it twice a week . _17. He will be back in four days . _18. I didnt come to class yesterday because I was ill . _练一练5：选择题( ) 19.- Excuse me _ is the nearest bookshop ?-Go down the street and turn left at the second corner? A. how B. what C. where D. who( ) 20. _ is a ticker for the film Hacker He? About forty yuan . A. How old B. How many C. How much D. How often( ) 21. _ are you going? Im going to the library. A. Who B. Which C. What D. Where( ) 22.- Its a nice car. _ have you been in it?- Just to Shanghai. A. How much B. How soon C. How long D. How far( ) 23. _? Its eight. A. What day is it B. Whats five and three C. How old are you D. Whats your telephone number( ) 24. _? Ive got a headache and a cough. A. Whats your trouble B. Whats wrong with it C. Can I help you D. How are you( ) 25. _ tea did you have? Two cups. A. How many B. How much C. How soon D. Which ( ) 26. _ shall we meet in the park? What about half past eight?A. What B. When C. Where D., Which( ) 27. _ a year does your school have sports meetings? Twice a year. A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many times( )28. _? The one behind the tree. A. Whose girl B. Whos that girl C. Which girl D. Wheres the girl ( )29. _ are you going to be in the future? I want to be a person _- Yang Liwei. A. How , like B. How , as C. What , like D. What , as( )30._ will your father be back? .A How long B how often C How soon D How wide练一练6就划线局部提问：31He often has lunch in the factory he often lunch？ 32They will come back in a month will they come back？ 33He hurt his leg last Sunday he hurt his leg ？ 34I got up at six this morning you up this morning ？ 35They were drawing a horse when I came in they when I came in ？ 36I didn't go to school because I had a bad cold you go to school？ 37You'd better take the No3 bus bus I better take？ 38He's feeling well he feeling ？ 39The girl in a red coat is my sister is your sister？ 40He comes to China once a year he to China？41. He goes to see his grandma ( twice a week ). (对括号局部提问)_?42. My father goes to work by car. ( 改为特殊疑问句 )_?43. It take ( 15 minutes ) for a ferry to cross the river. ( 对括号局部提问 )_?44. You can dial ( 110 ) to call the police. ( 对括号局部提问 )_ _ can you dial to call the police45. Ted put his bag in the desk . ( 改为特殊疑问句 )_ _ Ted _ in the desk?46. The students ( went camping ) last week. (对括号局部提问)_?47. Diogenes came from ( Greece ). (对括号局部提问)_ _ Diogenes _ _?48. The way to keep fit is ( to eat food and take morn exercise). (对括号局部提问)_ _ the way to _ _?49. We landed (on an unexplored planet ) . ( 对括号局部提问 )_ _ you land ?练一练7单项选择题：( )1. How are you ? A.Fine,thanks. B.Yes,it is. C.How are you ?( )2. Nice to meet you ! A.Fine,thank you. B.OK. C.Nice to meet you ,too !( )3. How do you go to school ? A.I go to Canada by plane. B.I go to school by bike. C.What about you ?( )4. How do you go to the USA ? A.I usually go to school by bus. B.I go to England by ship. C.I go by plane.( )5. ? My home is near the post office.A. Where is your home ? B.OK. C.See you then!( )6. See you at 2 oclock. A.See you then ! B.The fifth floor. C.Its easy.( )7. ? You can go by the No.15 bus.A.Its not far. B. How can I get to Zhongshan Park ? C.Sure.( )8. Where is the hospital? A.Next to the cinema. B.Thank you . C.Youre welcome.( )9. Excuse me ,is there a cinema near here ? A.Yes,there is . B.No,its not far. C.Its near the post office.( )10. ? Its near the post office.A.Yes,there is . B.No,its not far. C. Where is the library? ( )11. ? Its next to the hospital. A. Where is the cinema ,please ? B.Is it far ? C.Go straight.( )12. How can I get to the hospital ? A.Its next to the hospital. B.You can go by the No.201 bus. C.Thank you.( )13.Thank you . A.Thank you . B.OK. C.Youre welcome.( )14. How can I get to the museum? A.Go straight.Then turn left. B.Thank you . C.Its east of the cinema .( )15. Where is the post office ? A.Go straight.Then turn left. B.Thank you . C.Its east of the cinema .( )16. What are you going to do this evening ? A.Im going to the cinema . B.I go to school on foot. C.Yes,it is.( )17. Is it far ? A.No,it is . B.Yes , it is . C.Yes,it isnt.( )18. do you go to school ?A.What B.Where C.How( )19. I go to school bike.A.on B. by C.get( )20. Can I go foot ?A.by B.at C.on( )21.How can I to the post office ?A.near B. get C.for( )22. meA. Excuse B. How C.next ( )23. birthday to you !A. After B.Happy C.First( )24. The hospital is the left.A. at B.in C.on ( )25. is the bookstore ?A.Where B.How C.When - word.zl-
