中考被动语态详解与练习含答案(共5页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上中考被动语态详细讲解与练习知识点1：被动语态的基本知识1. 语态：英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。2. 主动语态与被动语态的转化：将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；将主动语态的改为“be过去分词”结构；将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在之后（有时可省略）。例： Wevisitedthat factorylast summer.主动语态主语 谓语 宾语 状语That factorywas visitedby uslast summer被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语3. 用法：被动语态常用于以下两种情况：（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；例：This cloth is made of cotton. （2）强调动作的承受者。例：Her bike is stolen . 知识点2：被动语态在各种时态下的构成时态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are +过去分词We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。一般过去时was/were+过去分词A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。一般将来时will/shall/be going to be+过去分词The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。现在进行时am/is/are +being + 过去分词The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。过去进行时was/were +being + 过去分词The talk was being given at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候正在作报告。现在完成时have/has been+过去分词The flowers have been watered.这些花已经被浇了。过去完成时had been+过去分词She said this lift had never been used.过去将来时would/should/be going to be+过去分词The film would be shown again sometime next week. 这部电影下周的某个时候又将上映。情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词（其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变）例1：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。例2：Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）例3：Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）例题1：单选题1：(2012福建福州) Our classroom_every day. So it is. It's our duty to keep it clean and tidy.A. cleans B. is cleaning C. is cleaned D. cleaning2：（2013陕西）The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _.A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented 3：（2013江苏南京）It is said that an Asian Culture Village inside the AYG, Village in Nanjing in the coming Asian Youth Games period.A. buildsB. is buildingC. will be builtD. was built4：（2013内蒙古呼和浩特） People who _ to the party are very excited. A. have invited B. has been invited C. will invite D. have been invited 5：（2013湖北黄冈）How often do I need to feed the dog? It _ food every day, or it will be hungry.A. must give B. must be giveC. must be given D. must be gave6： The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designedC. was designed D. would be designedCDCDCB例题2：用括号内动词的适当形式填空1.she _ (tell) the good news as soon as it arrived.2.A lot of work _(do) for the poor kids in the past few years.3.The book _ (write) by the young girl several years ago.4.All the tickets _(sell) out when we got to the cinema.5.A new building _(build) at our school now.6.I don't believe you've already finished reading the book which _(lend) to you this morning！was told。has been done。was written。 had been sold。is being built。 was lent。知识点3：不及物动词不及物动词不用于被动语态，如appear, rise, come out, happen, occur, lie, take place等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。例1：Great changes_place. Many new schools _. A. have taken, have been openedB. take, are open C. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened 解析：答案A。因为take place没有被动语态，所以排除C和D，又因后句中很多新学校开了，这里需要被动，而且表示到现在为止已经开了，所以用现在完成时态的被动语态。综合选择A。例2：A strange thing _ in our school yesterday. A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen 解析：答案C。因为happen没有被动语态，所以排除A和B。又有yesterday，可判断时态是一般过去时，所以选C。表状态动词不用于被动语态，常见的有：hold, have, cost, contain, become, look like等例1：这本书花了我20元。（用cost翻译）_解析：答案The book cost me 20 yuan。因为主语是书，很可能有的同学会写成“The book was cost20 yuan.” 可是cost这里表状态，不用于被动态。例2：That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost解析：答案D。因为cost这个词不需要用被动语态，所以这里的主语是单数，可以用costs（一般现在时）或cost（一般过去时），根据选项，只能选D。知识点4：主动形式表被动意义1）某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。如：look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等例：Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。2)某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。例：The conversation is hard to understand.对这话很难理解。 The fish is not easy to fish.鱼不容易钓。The passage is difficult to read.这段文章很难读懂。3)动名词的主动形式表示被动语态。如：need, require, worth等，并且可相互转化，如need doing = need to be done。例：The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。4) write, sell, wash和read和副词连用，主动语态表被动意义。例：The pen writes smoothly. 这笔写起来很顺手。The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。例1：- Do you like the material?  - Yes, it _ very soft.  A . is feelingB . feltC . feelsD . is felt 解析：答案C。这道题首先根据选项看出考查的是feel的用法，它属于系动词，无被动，无进行时，所以排除 A，D，然后根据前一句话的时态确定选择C。 例2：It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA. write B. to writeC. to be written D. written解析：答案B。作表语的形容词difficult后不定式to write主动形式表示被动意义。例3：The composition doesnt_any more. A. need to be correcting B. need to be corrected C. need be corrected D. need be correcting解析：答案B。因为need doing sth = need to be done，这里只有B正确，如果变成need doing sth，可以换成need correcting。例4：- What do you think of the book?  -Oh, excellent. It's worth _ a second time.  A . to readB . to be readC . readingD . being read 解析：答案C。本题通过后面的回答可以很明显看出是be worth的考点，首先后面接doing，然后根据它的主动表被动的特点，排除D。例5：The kind of cloth _ well.A. wash B.is washed C.washes D.is washing解析：答案C。本题的考点是wash后接副词，表示耐洗，主动形式表被动语态，因为cloth不可数，所以谓语动词用三单形式。知识点5：及物动词后跟双宾语的句子，被动语态有两种常见的有：主动语态被动语态bring sb. sth. 把某物带给某人sb be brought sth / sth be brought to sb lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人sb be lent sth/ sth be lent to sboffer sb. sth. 将某物给某人sb be offered sth/ sth be offered to sbpass sb. sth. 把某物递给某人sb be passed sth/ sth be passed to sb pay sb. sth. 付给某人某物（钱）sb be paid sth/ sth be paid to sb send sb. sth.把某物送给某人sb be sent sth/ sth be sent to sbsell sb. sth.把某物卖给某人sb be sold sth/ sth be sold to sbshow sb. sth. 拿某物给某人看sb be shown sth/ sth be shown to sb teach sb. sth. 教某人某物sb be taught sth/ sth be taught to sb tell sb. sth.告诉某人某情况sb be told sth/ sth be told to sbbuy sb. sth. 为某人买某物sb be bought sth/ sth be bought for sb make sb. sth.为某人制作某物sb be made sth/ sth be made for sb 例1：同义句转换My parents gives me a birthday present every year! （变被动语态，两种表达）_解析：答案I am given a birthday present by my parents every year. A birthday present is given to me by my parents every year. 分别把宾语me和a birthday作为主语。例2：He told us a story（变被动语态，两种表达）_解析：答案We were told a story（by him）或A story was told to us by him分别以we和a story 做主语，主语谓语动词的形式以及时态。知识点6：感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice及使役动词let, make, have等，动词后省略to不定式，变为被动语态时，应加上不定式符合to.例：I always see the boys play in the park. (变成被动语态) The boys are always seen to play by me in the park.例1：He was made _ a lot of work. A. do B. to do C. did D. doing 解析：答案B。make的用法是make sb do sth，在被动的情况下，需把省略的不定式to还原。所以被动形式为be made to do sth。例2：He was seen something from the shop . A. steal B. to steal C. to be stolen D. stealed 解析：答案B。see的用法，see sb do sth和see sb doing sth，被动态是sb be seen to do sth和sb be seen doing sth，所以根据选项来看，这里选择B。知识点7：一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 例：We can't laugh at him. He can't be laughed at by us.例1：翻译1. 从来没有听说过这件事情。2. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾的很好。例2：单选题1. I think much attention _your pronunciation.A. must be paid to B. ought to paid toC. must pay to D. should be paid 解析：答案A。首先attention作主语，后面需接被动语态，所以先排除B和C。又因为pay attention to这个动词短语，在被动语态时，后面的to不可以丢掉，所以选A。2. Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened toB.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened 解析：答案A。首先our teacher作主语，后面表示“被听”，需接被动语态，又因为是单数，所以先排除C。又因为listen to这个动词短语，在被动语态时，后面的to不可以丢掉，所以选A。( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B.Was; built C.Does; build D.Did; build ( )2.An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happenedB.was happened C.is happened D.happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow ( )4.So far,the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B.will be visited C.has been visitedD.was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B.was; used C.is; usedD.are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B.knew C.is known D.was known ( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B.was; written by C.did; written D.was;written Keys:1. B 2. D 3.A 4. C 5. C 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10. B专心-专注-专业