法国西电柴油发电机组维修保养(共2页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 柴油机原理和系统工作介绍船用柴油机是怎样工作的 柴油机是一种内燃机，通过把燃油喷入高温高压的燃烧室而发火。船用柴油机是一种在船上使用的柴油机。其工作原理如下： 。 在压缩行程，排气口应当在进气口前关闭以使充气量最大，但如果两个过程是同一活塞控制的，发动机的几何形状回汽缸、汽缸盖以及活塞由水冷却，伸缩套管把水送入活塞。 燃油喷射采用独立喷射系统，并且用Woodward型液压调速器调速。 RL型柴油机以RND-M型为基础，活塞行程加长，提供更大的输出功率和更低的转速。其新特征包括带有推力轴承的单壁机座、活塞头和其他主要燃烧室部件钻空冷却，及用水在接近热表面的钻空中循环。Maintenance of diesel generator sets of French West                                     Diesel engine principles and systems workMarine diesel engine is how it worksThe diesel engine is an internal combustion engine, fuel is sprayed into the high temperature and pressure of the combustion chamber ignition. The marine diesel engine is a board used in diesel engines. Its working principle is as follows:A certain amount of fresh air to be sucked or pumped into the cylinder and movement of the piston is compressed to high pressure. When the air is compressed, the temperature, he ignited the oil mist sprayed into the cylinder. The increase in the heat of the cylinder air for fuel combustion, the air expansion and forcing the engine piston acting on the crankshaft, with the attendant drives a propeller. Twice the fuel injection during the operation process is called a cycle of work. It consists of some of the procedures process. This cycle can be completed within a two stroke or four stroke. The four-stroke diesel engine duty cycle required four separate piston stroke, that is, suction, compression, expansion and exhaust. If we inhale and exhaust stroke and the compression and expansion stroke combined, four-stroke diesel engine into a two-stroke diesel engines.Leave their itinerary at the bottom of two-stroke cycle piston bottom dead center (BDC) upward run began, the inlet of the cylinder on the side of the scavenging port is open, the exhaust port is open. Compressed fresh air charge into the cylinder, blowing out the residual gas on a trip through the exhaust port.When the piston up to 1/5 of his trip, close the intake, exhaust port, and then the air is compressed in the piston upward. When the piston up to trip the bottom of the top dead center (TDC), the air pressure and temperature rose to a high value. The injector to a very fine mist sprayed into the hot air, combustion gas to produce a higher pressure.With the expansion of the high-pressure gas, the piston is being pushed downstream until it opens the exhaust port, combustion gas discharge, the piston continues downstream until it opens the air inlet, and another cycle begins.Two-stroke diesel engine crankshaft revolution to produce a power stroke, power stroke; in the four-stroke diesel engine crank two weeks to produce a power stroke. This is why two-stroke diesel engine can produce twice the power of the same size four-stroke diesel engine theory. Scavenging, however, is not sufficient and other losses, this advantage dropped to about 1.8 times.On board, each diesel engine to have his application. Low-speed (90 120 r / min), main propulsion diesel two-stroke. This low speed, the machine paddle do not need gear boxes. Four-stroke diesel engine (usually in the medium-speed operation, the speed in the 250 750r/min) for generators, and sometimes for propulsion engines, gear box 90 120 r / min speed.Duty cycleThe diesel engine can be designed into a two-stroke cycle or four-stroke cycle, the two are explained as follows:Four-stroke cycleTypical two round process of four-stroke cycle. Usually from the top dead center (TDC, ignition) to start drawing from the top dead center (TDC, sweep gas) begin to explain. The point is also called TDC TDC.See along the clockwise, starting forward, the exhaust valves are open (all modern four-stroke diesel engines have valve bodies). If the diesel engine is a natural ventilation or a small high-speed machine with a the runoff pressurized gas, the valve overlap time, the two valves open at the same time a very short time. Close the exhaust valve at TDC (the ATDC) about 10 º.Propulsion diesel engines and auxiliary power diesel engine operation following the vast majority of 1000r/min almost all turbocharged, and are designed so that at this moment a lot of scavenging air throughout the flow in order to control the leaf temperature. In this case, the exhaust valve will remain open until the shut down of 50 60 ° after top dead center. With the piston in its inspiratory stroke out or the next stop point downstream, it will inhale a large quantity of fresh air. Reaches the maximum, and compensation for the amount of air inhaled valve seated open reduction or the suction effect of inertia, the intake valve remains open, until the ending point of about 25 30 º (145 155 º BTDC). This process is called the intake valve closed. Filled the air and then upward piston compression to about 550 º C. Depending on the type and speed of the diesel engine, about 10 º 20 º BTDC, the fuel injector is injected into a finely atomized fuel. Ignition of fuel sprayed into the 2 7 º (also according to the model), downstream of the piston in the expansion stroke, combustion period of 30 to 50 º. The piston movement is usually conducive to the induction of air for combustion.Approximately 120 to 150 º the ATDC, the exhaust valve opens (EVO). Select is quickly cylinder gas emissions to the exhaust pipe. This: (a) to retain enough energy to drive exhaust gas turbocharger; (b) reduce the cylinder pressure to the next stop point of the minimum to reduce the consumption of the pump exhaust stroke Qigong. Residual exhaust gas upstream of the piston driven, 70 80 º BTDC, the intake valve open, so that outward flow of gas inertia coupled with a positive pressure differential (often in the cylinder in there), it creates an air to exhaust through airflow to clean up the cylinder.If the diesel engine is natural ventilation, the intake valve opens at about 10 º before TDC. Duty cycle to start again.Two-stroke cycleTypical two-stroke cycle process, as its name within the meaning of the work cycle is completed within the crankshaft revolution.Two-stroke diesel engine is always a piston to open the inlet, the air intake downstream air entering the cylinder. The exhaust gas can be discharged and the adjacent exhaust ports controlled by the same piston (return sweep gas), or through the exhaust port of the cylinder on the other side of the discharge, or discharge (DC sweep gas through the exhaust valve).From TDC, the combustion has been carried out. 110 to 120 º after top dead center, exhaust intake in the next 20 to 30 º, the only point of 130 150 º quickly purge the cylinder. By inertia to promote in this way to the sonic flow of exhaust air rapidly flows through the cylinder to a minimum of (gas) mixing, because all is not the exhaust air will reduce the amount of air for the next trip.In the compression stroke, the exhaust port should be closed before the inlet to the aeration rate, but if the two processes is controlled by tThe fuel injection using independent injection system, and Woodward hydraulic governor governor.RL type of diesel engine based on the RND-M type, the piston stroke lengthened to provide greater output power and lower speed. Its new features include single-walled base with a thrust bearing, piston head and the main combustion chamber components drill air cooling, and water in the air circulation close to the hot surface of the drill.专心-专注-专业