2022年初三英语期末复习知识点总结 .pdf

1 一、基础自测 : ( ) 1.He a machine,it leaning the glass of the windows. A.found, is used to B.discovers; is used for C.invented; is used to D.invented; was used for ( ) 2.Scoops are used for things. A.scoops B.scooped C.scooping D.scoop ( )3.Do you know ? A.were potato chips invented by mistake B.was potato chips invented by mistake C.potato chips were invented by mistake D.potato chips was invented by mistake ( )4.Salt tasted .It is in East and South China. A.sour;produced B.salt;produces C.salty;produced D.salty;producing ( )5.English is useful language,isnt it? A.a B.an C.the D./ ( )6.In ancient China, cups three legs drinking wine. A.with;were used for B.in;were used as C.with; were used to D.had;were used for ( )7.The kind of books well and out in this bookshop. A.sells; are sold B.sells; sells C.is sold; sells D.is sold; is sold ( )8.He is often heard English in the park in the morning. A.reading B.to read C.read D.reads ( )9. Don t make such a little child at home alone at night. A.to stay B.stays C.stayed D.stay ( )10.I saw a stranger into our office quietly. A.came B.come C.coming D.to come ( )11.I don t know if he here tomorrow? If he ,please tell me. A.will come,will come B.comes,comes C.will come,comes D.comes,will come ( )12.If he can Tom,he will the last match. A.win,win B.beat,beat C.beat,win D.win,beat 二、知识梳理：Unit 1 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 2 一、知识点1.Check in : 在旅馆的登记入住。Check out: 在旅馆结账离开。2.By: 通过 .方式（途径）。例：I learn English by listening to tapes. 在 .旁边。例： by the window/the door 乘坐交通工具例： by bus/car 在之前，到为止。例：by October在 10 月前被例： English is spoken by many people. 3.how与 what的区别：how 通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样如何，通常用来做状语、表语。what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为什么，通常做宾语，主语。What think of? How like ? What do with? How deal with? What like about? How like ? What s the weather like today? Hows the weather today? What to do? How to do it? e.g. What do you think of this book?=How do you like this book? I don t know what I should do withthe matter.=I don t know how I should deal with it. What do you like about China?=How do you like China? I do nt know what to do next step?=I dont know how to do it next step? What good / bad weather it is today!（weather为不可数名词，其前不能加a ） What a fine / bad day it is today! （day 为可数名词，其前要加a ）精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 3 4. aloud, loud与 loudly的用法: 三个词都与 大声 或 响亮 有关 。aloud是副词 ,重点在 出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 loud可作形容词或副词。用作 副词时 ,常与 speak, talk, laugh等动词连用 ,多用于比较级 ,须放在动词之后。如 : She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。loudly是副词 ,与 loud同义 ,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有 令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。5. voice 指人的嗓音也指鸟鸣。sound 指人可以听到的各种声音。noise 指噪音、吵闹声6. join 加入某团体并成为其中一员attend 出席参加会议或讲座join in与 take part in指参加到某项活动中去。7.all 、 both、 always以及 every复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其 完全否定为：all-none, both-neither, everything-nothing, everybody-nobody.8. be afraid of doing sth. / sth.害怕be afraid of being alone be afraid to do sth.害怕be afraid that恐怕担心，表示委婉语气9.either：放在否定句末表示“也”两者中的“任一”精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 4 eitheror 或者或者 .引导主语部分，谓语动词按照就近原则10.a,an 与序数词连用表示“又一”，“再一”。例： Please give me a second apple. 11.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing. 干 .遇到麻烦，困难12.unless 除非，如果不，等于“if not ”本身就表示否定，引导条件状语从句，主句为将来时 ，条件状语 从句用一般现在时表示将来。例： My baby sister doesnt cry unless shes hungry. =My baby sister doesn t cry if she isn t hungry.Unless you take more care, youll have an accident. 如果你不多加小心的话，你会出事的。13.instead: adv. 代替，更换。例： We have no coffee, would you like tea instead？我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗？It will take days by car, so lets fly instead. 开车去要好几天呢，咱们还是坐飞机吧。Tom was ill, so I went instead.汤姆病了，所以换了我去。instead of doing sth. 作为某人或某事物的替换例： Let s play cards instead of watching TV. We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes. Give me the red one instead of the green one. 14.spoken 口头的，口语的。spoken English 口头英语speaking 讲话的，说某种语言的。Speaking skills讲英语的能力精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 5 15. 提建议的句子：What/ how about +doing sth.? 如： What/ How about going shopping? Why don t you + do sth.? 如： Why don t you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? 如： Why not go shopping? Let s + do sth. 如：Let s go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如： Shall we/ I go shopping? 16. too to 太而不能常用的句型too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如：I m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。17. not at all 一点也不根本不如：I like milk very much. I don t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。not 经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾18.be / get excited about sth.= be / get excited about doing sth. = be excited to do sth. 对感兴奋如：I am / get excited about going to Beijing.= I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。19. end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事如：The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 end up with sth. 以结束如：The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。20. first of all 首.先. to begin with 一开始精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 6 later on 后来、随21. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间either 也（用于否定句）常在句末too 也 (用于肯定句 ) 常在句末 =as well 22. make mistakes 犯错mistake sb. for 把错认为make mistakes (in) doing sth. 在干某事方面出错by mistake 错误地；由于搞错mistake-mistook-mistaken 如： I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。I mistook him for his brother.我错把他认成了他的哥哥。make a mistake 犯一个错误如：I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。23. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）如： Don t laugh at me!不要取笑我 ! 24. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做乐意做如：She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。enjoy oneself 过得愉快如： He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。25. one of +(the+ 形容词 zui 高级 )+ 名词复数形式其中之一如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是 zui 受欢迎的教师之一。26. It s + 形容词 +(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事如： It s difficult (for me ) to study English.对于我来说学习英语太难了。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 7 句中的 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English 27. practice doing 练习做某事如：She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。28. decide to do sth. 决定做某事如：LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。29. deal with 处理如： I dealt with a lot of problem. 30. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人 / 某事如： Mother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。31. be angry with sb. 对某人生气如：I was angry with her. 我对她生气。32. perhaps = maybe 也许33. go by (时间 ) 过去如：Two years went by. 两年过去了。34. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事强调正在发生see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事如：如：She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。35. regard as 把看作为. 如：The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。36. too many 许多修饰可数名词如： too many girls too much 许多修饰不可数名词如： too much milk much too 太修饰形容词如： much too beautiful 37. changeinto 将变为如： The magician changed the pen into a book. 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 8 38. with the help of sb. = with ones help 在某人的帮助下39. compare to 把与相比如： Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。Unit 2 一、知识点1. used to 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形 . used to do sth.There used to be .（反意疑问句）didn t there? 否定形式为 : didnt use to 或 usedn t to 疑问形式为 : Did use to ? 或 Used to ? be/get used to doing sth.习惯于 , to 为介词 . 2. wear 表示状态 . =be in +颜色的词put on 表示动作 . dress + 人 给某人穿衣服.dress sb. / oneself have on表示状态（不用于进行时态）5. 反意疑问句 : 陈述部分的主语为this, that, 疑问部分主语用it; 陈述部分主语用these, those, 疑问部分用they做主语 . 例: This is a new story, isnt it? Those are your parents, aren t they? 陈述部分是there be 结构 , 疑问部分仍用there例: There was a man named Paul, wasnt there? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 9 I am 后的疑问句 , 用 aren t I 例: I am in Class 2, arent I? 陈述部分与含有not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等词时 ,疑问部分用肯定. 例: Few people liked this movie, didn t they? 但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定. 例: Your sister is unhappy, isnt she? 陈述部分的 主语若为不定式或V-ing 短语 , 疑问部分主语用it.例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isnt it? 陈述句中主语是nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they 做主语 ; 若陈述部分主语是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问部分用it 做主语 . 例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they? Everything seems perfect, doesn t it?当主语是第一人称 I 时, 若谓动为think, believe, guess 等词时 , 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称, 时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移. 例: I don t think he can finish the work in time, can he? 前面是 祈使句 , 后用 will you? (let s 开头时 , 后用 shall we?) 6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比be afraid of 深. 8. no more (用在句中 )=notany more (用在句尾 ) 指次数 ; no longer (用在句中 )=notany longer (用在句尾 ) 指时间 . 11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常与 can, be able to 连用 .精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 10 例: Can you afford a new car? The film couldn t afford to pay such large salaries.12. as well as 连词 , 不但而且强调前者 . ( 若引导主语 , 谓动与前者在人称和数上一致例: Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不仅需要水, 还需要空气和阳光. I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅是他们 , 我也愿意帮助你. 13. alone = by oneself 独自一人 . lonely 孤独的 , 寂寞的 . 17. be/ become interested in sth. 对感兴趣be interested in doing sth. 对做感兴趣show great interest in 在方面产生极大的兴趣a place of interest 一处名胜some places of interest 如： He is interested in math, but he isn t interested in speaking English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。 interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人 interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/ 某人具有趣味，主语往往是物 an interesting book / man 18. 害怕be terrified of sth. 如： I am terrified of the dog. be terrified of doing sth. 如： I am terrified of speaking. 21.spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”spend on sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间）精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 11 spend doing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事如：He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。pay for 花费如： I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了 10 元买这本书。take动词有“花费”的意思常用的结构有：It take(s) sb. to do sth. 如： It takes me a day to read the book. 22. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊如： I like to chat with him. 我喜欢和他聊天。23. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人 / 某事worry 是动词be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人 / 某事worried 是形容词如： Don t worry about him. 不用担心他。Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。24. all the time 一直、始终25. take sb. to + 地方送/ 带某人去某个地方如：A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to) 26.hardly adv. 几乎不、没有hard 困难的；猛烈地hardly ever 很少hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前助动词 / 情态动词 hardly hardly + 实义动词如：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 12 I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。It rains hard outside, I could hardly go out. 27. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内常与完成时连用如：I have lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。28. be different from 与不同30. make sb./ sth. + 形容词make you happy make sb./ sth. + 动词原形make him laugh 33. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事She helped me with English. 她帮助我学英语。She helped me (to) study English。她帮助我学习英语。34. fifteen-year-old 作形容词15 岁的fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15 岁的人fifteen years old 指年龄15 岁如：a fifteen-year-old boy 一个 15 岁的男孩Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。I am fifteen years old . 我是 15 岁。35.支付不起can t /couldnt afford to do sth. can t / couldnt afford sth. 如： I can t/couldnt afford to buy the car. I can t/couldnt afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 13 36. as + 形容词 ./ 副词 as sb. could/can 尽某人的能力如：Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她 zui 快的能力去跑。37. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦38. in the end zui 后39. make a decision 下决定下决心40. to ones surprise 令某人惊讶如：to their surprise 令他们惊讶to LiLei s surprise令李雷惊讶41. take pride in sth. 以而自豪如：His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪42. pay attention to sth. 对注意，留心如：You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。43. be able to do sth. 能做某事如：She is able to do it. 她能够做到。44. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事如：My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。复合句与简单句的转化：when - at the age of sothat - too to . / enough to so that - in order to do sth. because - because ofif .- without / with 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 14 if- 祈使句 + and / or + 简单句宾语从句 - 特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式be afraid be sure that +从句 - 动词不定式be sorry It seems / seemed that sb.- sb. seems / seemed to do sth. Sb. hopes / hoped that .-sb. hopes / hoped to do sth. 二、 短语1. be more interested in 对更感兴趣 . 2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员. 3. be terrified of 害怕 . 4. gym class 体操课 . 5. worry about. 担心 . 6. all the time 一直 , 总是7. chat with 与闲聊8. hardly ever 几乎从不9. walk to school = go to school on foot take the bus to school = go to school by bus 10. as well as 不仅而且11. get into trouble 遇到麻烦12. make a decision 做出决定13. to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 15 14. take pride in 为感到骄傲15. pay attention to 留心 , 注意16. consist of 由组成 / 构成 . be made up of 由组成 /构成 . 17. instead of 代替 , 而不是18. in the end zui 后, 终于19. play the piano 弹钢琴Unit 3 一、知识点1、被动语态英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态 )鱼被猫吃。被动语态的构成由“ 助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词 be 有人称、数和时态的变化， 其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。时态被动语态结构例句一般 现 在am are + 过去分词English is spoken in many countries. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 16 时is 一般 过 去时was + 过去分词were + 过去分词This bridge was built in 1989. 情态动词can/should may +be+过去分词must/ The work must be done right now. 被动语态的用法当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如：LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。allow doing sth 允许做3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞让/ 使（别人）做某事get sth. done(过去分词 ) have sth. done 如：I get my car repaired. = I have my car repaired. 我让别人修好我的车I want to have my hair cut. 我要理发 . 4. enough 足够精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 17 形容词 enough 如： beautiful enough 足够漂亮enough名词如： enough food 足够食物enough to 足够去做如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事Please stop speaking.请停止说话。stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。6. 看起来好像 sb. seem to do sth. = It seems that +从句He seems to feel very sad. It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。7.倒装句 : 由 so 助动词 (be/do/will/have)/情态动词主语意为：也是一样Neither/Nor + be动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 (前为否定 ) 表示与前面所述事实一致. only 处于句 .首,并后跟状语时,全句需要倒装.例: .She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校，他也是。Tom can t swim. Neither can John.Only then did he understand it. 只有到那时 ,他才明白 . 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - - 18 Only in this way can