现在完成时课件.ppt
过去分词的构成过去分词的构成1.规则变化规则变化2.不规则变化不规则变化 work visit ask play stay worked visited asked played stayedliked lived movedlike live movecarried worried tried criedcarry worry try crystop drop rob plan prefer stop dropped robbed planned preferredcost cut hit hurt set put shut readbring buy think teach catchbrought bought thought taught caughtbrought bought thought taught caughtfeel leavetellsellsay lay felt lefttoldsoldsaid laidfelt lefttoldsoldsaid laidbegin fall flyforget take wearwritecome become runcame became rancome become runbegan fell flewforgot took worewrotebegun fallenflownforgotten taken wornwritten用法用法1 1：表示动作发生在过去（但无具体过：表示动作发生在过去（但无具体过去时间）对现在产生影响或结果去时间）对现在产生影响或结果表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语She can ski now.She has already learned it.She has just practiced skiing. 例如例如:I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了衣服干净了”）I have just had my breakfast. (对现在的影响：不饿对现在的影响：不饿)通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once,twice等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如these days,today,this year,so far等连用. I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just finished my homework. He has not come yet. 二、现在完成时谓语动词的构成： have/has(not) +doneI _(finish) the composition already. He/She _(learn) English for three years. We/You/ They.A: _ your brother _ a new watch? (buy )B: Not yet.Has bought yet A: _ you ever _ to the park? ( be )B: Yes, I went there last summer. Have been yet ever I _ never _ of anything like that. (hear )have heard yet ever never Tom _ in the factory since he left school ten years ago. (work )has worked yet ever never since A: How long _ you _ in this school? (teach )B: For 6 years. have taught yet ever never since for I _ just _ the desk, you can take it to your classroom . (mend )have mended yet ever never since for just _ you _ the Forbidden City (紫禁城) before ? (visit ) Have visited yet ever never since for just before He _ already _ a job. (find) has found yet ever never since for just before already We _ only _ the first five questions so far. (discuss ) have discussed yet ever never since for just before already so far They _over 24,000 fruit trees up to now . (plant ) have planted yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now Great changes _ in Beijing in the past 10 years. (take place ) have taken place yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now in the past 10 years He _ a lot of good things in his life. (do ) has done yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now in the past 10 years in his life I _ her lately. ( not see ) havent seen yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now in the past 10 years in his life lately I _ him recently. (not hear from ) havent heard from yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now in the past 10 years in his life lately recently He _ in this city ever since then. (live ) has lived yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now in the past 10 years in his life lately recently ever since then He _ in this high school till now. (teach ) has taught yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now in the past 10 years in his life lately recently ever since then till nowI _ (do) my homework already.He _(not finished) his homework yet._you ever _ (be) to Haiwaii?We _ never _ (see) such an exciting match before.Mother _ just _(clean) the house. Please dont come in.They _(practice) this dialogue twice.have donehas not finishedHavebeenhaveseenhascleanedhave practiced3.already - yet 已经 用于肯定句 用于否定句，疑问句She has not seen this film .She has seen this film.I have combed my hair.Have you combed your hair .He has watched a video.He has not watched a video .用法用法2 2：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示实质可能继续的动作或状态，也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。下去的动作或状态。通常和通常和 for（段时间）（段时间）, since（点时间）（点时间） 引导的时间状语连用引导的时间状语连用.以以及及 so far, by now, these days, in the last ten years 等连用。等连用。Jeff has kept the books for two days. I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?时间词: just, lately, recently, in the past/ last few days/weeks, since, for , by now, up till/ to now, so far, in my life, before, ever, once, twice, many times 现在完成时表示动作的持续现在完成时表示动作的持续： 谓语动词只能为延续性动词，由谓语动词只能为延续性动词，由for for 和和since since 引出时间状语。引出时间状语。 for + 时间段时间段 过去的时间点过去的时间点 一段时间一段时间 + ago+ ago 从句从句 since三.Form:1.肯定句肯定句:S (主语主语)+have/has+PP(过去分词过去分词)2. 2. 否定句否定句: S +have/has+: S +have/has+notnot +PP+PP3.3.疑问句疑问句: :Have/has+Have/has+ S +PP? S +PP? Yes, S+Yes, S+havehave/has/has. .No, S+No, S+havehave/hasnt/hasnt. .助动词助动词have和和has可前面的主语缩略为可前面的主语缩略为ve,s.如如 theyve, weve, hes, its; has not=hasnthave not=havent说明：说明：Eg: 他在那里工作五年了。 He has worked there _ 自从1998年他就在那里工作。 He has worked there _ 自从五年前他就在那里工作。 He has worked there _ 自从我到中国就在这里工作。 I have worked here _for five yearssince 1998since five years agosince I came to China. 1.where is Jim? He Wuhan.2. My parents the Great Wall twice. They like there very much.3. you ever to the Happy valley?4. How long Peter the West Hill farm?5. My sister the shop. She will be back in two hours.6. She Shanghai. She isnt here.7. She Shanghai. She is here.8. She Shanghai for two years.has gone to have been to Have been to hasbeen in has gone to has gone to has been to has been in 2. has/have been to have/has gone to have/has been in 去过某地表示某人的一种经历,可once,twice,already,ever,never等连用. 去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和for ten days,since I came here等连用. 4. 现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词英语动词根据词义可分为两种英语动词根据词义可分为两种, ,一种是一种是延延续性的续性的, ,一种是一种是终止性的终止性的, ,终止性动词终止性动词( (也也可称为非延续性动词可称为非延续性动词, ,瞬间动词瞬间动词, ,或点动或点动词词),),如如begin,start,die,buy,leave, begin,start,die,buy,leave, comecome等等, ,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成完成, ,不能再延续不能再延续, ,所以它的现在完成时不所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用能和表示延续的时间状语连用, ,即不能与即不能与表示一段时间的状语表示一段时间的状语,for+,for+时间段时间段, , since+since+时间点时间点/ /从句连用从句连用, ,也不能用在也不能用在how how longlong引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句She has bought the computer for two years.hadbuyhave/has hadHow long have you come to the United States？ been income tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadAnn has gone to China since three months ago.been income tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inI have got to Paris for one week .been income tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been inMy brother has joined the army for five years. been inbeen a soldier come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier I have left Shanghai for 3 days. been away for 3 days. come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago . kept come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept The film has begun for 10 minutes. been on come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on The concert has finished for half an hour. been over come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on finish have/has been over His dog has died for two years . been dead come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on finish have/has been over die have/has been dead She has married for six years . been married come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on finish have/has been over die have/has been dead marry have/has been married He has bought the book. He has bought the book for a week. He has had the book for a week. buyhave/has hadcome tohave/has been ingo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on finish have/has been over die have/has been dead marry have/has been married 一一. . 改换谓语动词改换谓语动词(1) (1) 短暂动词短暂动词be + adjbe + adj/ adv/ doing/ n/ prep/ adv/ doing/ n/ prepEg: 他离开广州有三年了.He has left Guangzhou for three years. ( )He _ _ _ _ Guangzhou for three years. Lucy 已经回英国5天了。Lucy has come back to England for 5 days.( )Lucy _ to England for 5 days.has been away fromFFhas been back(2)(2)短暂动词短暂动词意义相近的延续性动词意义相近的延续性动词Eg: 他借这本书已有两周了.He has borrowed the book for two weeks. ( )He has _ the book for two weeks.Fkeptborrow keep buy havebecome be catch a cold have a coldput on wear (穿)/ be on (上演)go to sleep sleep get to know knowreceive have 他们动身去上海有一个星期了。他们动身去上海有一个星期了。 They have started for Shanghai for a week. ( )They have started for Shanghai for a week. ( ) It is a week since they _ for Shanghai . It is a week since they _ for Shanghai .A week _ since they _ forA week _ since they _ for ShanghaiShanghai.startedstartedstartedstartedhas passedhas passedF2. 用句型进行转换用句型进行转换（1）It is/ has been + 时间段时间段 + ago（2）时间段）时间段 + has passed + since + 从句从句(从句动词为瞬间动词用过去时，从句动词为瞬间动词用过去时， 当为延续性动当为延续性动词或词或be 动词时用完成时。动词时用完成时。)( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )I have bought a new dictionary for a week. I have had a new dictionary for a week.我买一本新词典已有一星期了。我买一本新词典已有一星期了。They have come here for two days.They have been here for two days.他们来这儿已经两天了。他们来这儿已经两天了。He has joined the League member for two years.He has been a League member for two years.他已入团两年了。他已入团两年了。The man has been dead for several years.The man has died for several years.这个人已经死了几年了。这个人已经死了几年了。1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. ( )2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.( )A B CA B CB kept B been on3. 这辆自行车我买了两年了。这辆自行车我买了两年了。 Ive _ the bike _ two years.4. He left Nanjing two years ago. He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.5. The monkey died last month. The monkey _ _ _ for a month.6. A: Hong long _ you _ ( ) B: Two weeks. A.did,get ill B. have,fallen ill C. were,ill D. have,been illhad forhas been away fromhas been deadDEg: 我回来后还没有见过你.I _ you since I _ back. 我和你谈及此事已有一段时间了.Its some time since I _ to you about this matter. 他们等你回答问题很久了.Its a long time since they _ for your answer.havent seencamespoke waitedcome/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away (from) buy-have fall asleep-be asleepend/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold join the army-be in the army be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party be a Party member 常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下:begin/ start be on come back be backcome/ arrive here be here close be closeddie be dead get up be upgo out be out go there be therego to bed be in bed fall ill be illfall asleep/ go to sleep be asleeplose be lost leave be away fromjoin be in/ be a member offinish/ end be over marry be marriedopen be open turn on/ off be on/ off 一。选择填空 1.When I was at school,I_to the library every day. A.go B.was going C.have gone D.went 2.The new books_yet. A.havent arrived B.hast arrived C.didnt arrive D.dont arrive 3._you ever_to shanghai? A.Havent arrived B.Hasnt arrived C.Didnt arrived D.Havebeen 4.He_his lunch. A.had B.have had C.has had D.ateDADC5.For years, doctors_millions of patients lives with the help of microscopes.A.saved B.have saved C.has saved D.were saving6.I was so happy to see John again last Sunday ,We _ each other for more than two years.A. havent seen B. hadnt seenC. didnt see D. hasnt seen7.We _three lessons this month.A.have learned B.learnedC.has learned D.were havingBAA8. I_to Paris several times. A.went B.have gone C.have been D.was going9. My uncle _in this city since 1980.A.lives B.have lived C.has lived D.lived10.By now old Wang _in that factory for twenty years.A.have worked B.worked C.works D.has worked11. I wrote to my parents three month ago but I_to my parents lately.A.havent written B.dont write C.didnt write D.will not writeCCDA12.Li Ming _to Shanghai. He will be back next month.A.went B.have gone C.has gone D.will go 13.She _an actress for some time .A.was B.being C.is D.has been14.Professor Chen _our exams yet.A.didnt mark B.hasnt it markedC.will not mark D.havent marked15. He left last year and _away ever since.A.is B.have been C.was D.has beenCDBD二. 改错。1.I lived in this city since I was a child .2.I lost my pen, I have to write with a pencil .3.Hangzhou is the most beautiful city I saw . 4.She has read the article last week . 5.My classmates and I have visited the memorial hall of chairman Mao yesterday .6.My grandmother has lived with us since my grandfather has died six years ago . _have livedhave lostthat I have seenreadvisiteddied7.After breakfast she takes a walk to buy the morning paper. She does this every morning for ten years .8.It was very hot lately ,but its beginning to get a bit cooler .9.-Have you gone to the great wall? -Yes,I have ,I went there last Sunday .10.I never see such a sight before ._beenhas donehave never seenhas done2.某个动作从过去已经开始某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在一直持续到现在,还有可能持续到还有可能持续到将来将来.动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示.一段时间的表达方法有两种一段时间的表达方法有两种:for: +一段时间一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three yearsSince 过去的某一时刻过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week 一般过去时态的时间状语从句一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home.注意注意:for 和和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.He has been away since last week.He has been away since last week.对划线部分提问都用对划线部分提问都用How long结束性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用结束性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词换成相应的延续性动词.1.直接用延续性动词直接用延续性动词 buy have catch(get) a cold have a cold borrowkeepCome/go /becomebe put on- wear2.转换成转换成be+名词名词 join the army be a soldierJoin the Party be a Party membergo to school be a student 3转换成转换成be+形容词或副词形容词或副词 diebe dead finish be over beginbe on leavebe away fall sleep be asleep close be closed4.转换成转换成 be+介词短语介词短语 go to school be in school join the army be in the army1.我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了.We have had the book for three years.2.他感冒三天了他感冒三天了. He has had a cold for three days.We bought the book three years ago. He caught a cold three days ago.一般过去时态和现在完一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同意句成时态可以构成同意句3.自从上星期我借的这本书自从上星期我借的这本书 I have kept the book since last week.4.我成为一个学生两年多了我成为一个学生两年多了. I have been a student for over two years. I borrowed the book last week.I became a student two years ago.5.Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.6.小名参军半年了。小名参军半年了。Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.7.我们上了我们上了8年学了。年学了。We have been students for eight years.8.下课下课10分钟了分钟了 The class has been
