水产动物遗传育种方案课件.ppt
1054211112Atlantic salmonRainbow troutCoho salmonNile tilapiaRohu carpTurbotSea bassSea breamShrimp# ProgramsSpecies1054211112Atlantic salmonRainbow troutCoho salmonNile tilapiaRohu carpTurbotSea bassSea breamShrimp# ProgramsSpecies+ 2+ 1+Atlantic cod, +Atlantic halibut1940195019601970198019902000100200300鸡牛猪挪威大西洋鲑罗非鱼(依据 Eknath ) -25-20-15-10-50510152025-3-2-10123Breeding value - body weightBreeding value - WSSV resistance2314 选育选育5代的大西洋鲑的遗传进展代的大西洋鲑的遗传进展进展进展%生长速度生长速度+113饵料转换饵料转换+40蛋白转换蛋白转换+9能量转换能量转换+14饵料系数饵料系数-20Thodesen et. al., 1999 尼罗罗非鱼的遗传进展尼罗罗非鱼的遗传进展100123145170177200020406080100120140160180200基础群体G1G2G3G4G5生长的相对响应量 -25-20-15-10-50510152025-3-2-10123Breeding value - body weightBreeding value - WSSV resistance2314G0G1G2G3G0G1G2G3 XXXP1P2P3 XXXP1 x P2 P1 x P3 P2 x P3 建立侯选物种最多化的有利基因的群体-基础群体（base population) 。 可以同时选择多个目的性状。 与纯系选育是完全不同的概念，其效率也是纯系选育不可比拟的。成千上万的有利基因也是遗传标记辅助育种最大问题。青岛青岛海州湾海州湾MFRH(106)QD(5) SKC(0)SKF12SK(?)HH1(?)JK98(4)HY(?)RH(51)541052QD181SKC(13)2313SKF(12)22SK(?)5HH1(5)101JK98(1)HY(?)115鲤鱼的选育鲤鱼的选育Year700?170019691972197319831985Purse Red Common carp- body shape- body colour- fins and scalesPurse RedXingguo Red - body shape- body weight- disease resistance- protein and fat Xinguo Red Wanan Glass-red- body colour Wanan Glass-redn Photos: Li & Wang, 2001010203040506070累积遗传获得%基础群体1234世代1%10%20%46701235Li, 2000 建鲤建鲤 P F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6(W1 x Y1)(W2 x Y2)(W3 x Y3)(W4 x Y4)G1G2建鲤品种xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxX性状性状Y性状性状xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx顺序选育顺序选育(Tandemselection)xxxxxxoxxxxxxxxooxooxooooxxx指数选育指数选育(Indexselection) 准确估计育种值准确估计育种值利用各种信息，准确估计育种值。利用各种信息，准确估计育种值。选择的精确度远远高于群体（个体）选育。选择的精确度远远高于群体（个体）选育。后代后代BLUP 法估计育种值法估计育种值ddddssdddddsddddssssssdsssssdddssddd22ds122ddsssssd21ss11121AAAA0AAAA0AAAZZAZZXZAAAZZAZZXZ00ZXZXXX,kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkddssdsuuuub= 00yZyZyX21Cages 1 c 5.2334 2 c 7.6642 Sex 1 s 0.0000 2 s - 0.1025 Grandparents 1 u 0.0390 2 u - 0.0045 3 u - 0.0345 4 u 0.0209 5 u - 0.0045 6 u 0.0045 7 u 0.0181 8 u - 0.0390 Sires 11 u 0.0509 12 u - 0.0254 Dams 13 u 0.0119 14 u - 0.0105 15 u 0.0467 16 u - 0.0758 个体个体父本父本母本母本体重体重抗抗WSSVWSSV存活率存活率指数指数10611990414990440-1.8012.4-2.9106.710607990456990447-0.698.8-6.1105.2106159904519904461.221.84.0104.7106019904169904461.29-3.68.3100.9106029904149904600.091.4-3.6100.8106129904169904461.34-4.29.3100.6106039904569904480.25-0.61.0100.110609990453990449-0.220.5-2.399.6106109903209904090.71-1.8-3.699.210606990453990457-1.38-0.37.898.310613990453990447-0.95-0.32.798.3106059904569904460.45-5.11.396.6106049904149904160.67-9.91.993.010614990417990452-0.32-8.3-5.191.2106089904149904560.89-18.8-7.284.1 苗、种 核心育种中心国家各渔业 部 门与渔业相关 部 门 养 殖 场养殖公司卵、苗、种市 场-25-20-15-10-50510152025-3-2-10123Breeding value - body weightBreeding value - WSSV resistance2314 EFAAEAFBBEBFCCECFDDEDFAEBECEDE AFBF CFDFAEBECEDEAFBFCFDF兄妹交：8孙女交：36杂交：10(-)0.6-2.6%0%(-)1.6%(-)1.6-5.0% (-)2.3%(-)3.9-5.8%RyeMao, 1998Gallardo et al., 2004Gallardo et al., 2004Pante et al., 2001abSu et al., 1996Su et al., 1996(-)2.4%(-)4.5%(-)11.1-13.8%(-)10.0%(-)10.0%(-)10.7%(-)3.3%(-)5.0%(-)4.5-6.1%(-)4.7%LiCai, 2003Cooper, 1961HardHershberger, in pressMyers et al., 2001Naciri-Graven et al., 2000Keys et al., 2004Langdon et al., 2003Gjerde et al., 1983 Kincaid, 1976ab, 1983(-)7.3% -100%+100%- 50%+ 50%0%自然群体 第一代 第二代 第三代 杂交 杂交优势=近交衰退杂交鲍品种是近交衰退的补偿。SKWKHB群体LDBHHZRSKCKNLD0.000 BH0.069 0.000 HZ0.098 0.094 0.000 RS0.122 0.114 0.025 0.000 KC0.161 0.253 0.181 0.173 0.000 KN0.250 0.252 0.234 0.198 0.160 0.000 GrandparentsParentsF1F2030030301903014030340302703157G02007(, )P03003P03019P03014P03034P03027P03157P03?P03?P03?P03034P03?P03157G02001 ()GrandparentParentsF1F2G02007P03003P03019P03014P03034P030140300303019 0303403014G02001P03027P03157P03003P03019P03027P03157P03034 0302703157
