高中英语从句复习(定语从句和名词性从句)PPT课件.ppt

从从 句句 复复 习习定语从句和名词性从句定语从句和名词性从句1Great changes have taken places in Beijing since it was liberated. 2. I will tell Tom the news as soon as he comes. immediately directlyinstantly the moment the minute the instant 自从自从3. She had no sooner heard the news than she fainted. No sooner had she heard the news than she fainted. They had hardly started to work when the trouble began. Hardly had they started to work when the trouble began.“No sooner-than -, hardly -when 一注意搭配一注意搭配 二注意时态三注意倒装二注意时态三注意倒装4. P26 2 主将从现主将从现5. P27 4 Though although he is clever, he is diligent.= Clever thoughas he is clever, he is diligent.Though although he is a child, he knows a lot.=Child as though he is, he knows a lot.6. So- that -such-that-He is so good that we all like him.He is such a good boy that we all like him.He is so good a boy that we all like him. 7、 连词连词 when , while , as 都表示都表示“当当-的时候的时候”， while 从句中动词要用延续性动词，从句中动词要用延续性动词，as 强调强调 “一边一边一边一边-”When I came home, he was watching TV.He felt asleep while he was reading his novel.As he walked along the street, he sang happily.She was cooking while her husband was watching TV.He was walking along the sands when he saw a big fish.He was about to go out when it began to rain.He had just finished the examination when the bell rang.正在那时突然正在那时突然when表示对比表示对比“而而”while放于句首，也可表示放于句首，也可表示“尽管尽管”While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cant be solved.8.地点状语从句常用地点状语从句常用where, wherever 来引导，如：来引导，如：We will stay where you stay. (where = in the place in which; where既连接主句与从句，又在从句中作副词修饰谓语既连接主句与从句，又在从句中作副词修饰谓语stay。) I found my books where I left them. Wherever he happens to be, John can make himself at home. He will work wherever the people need him. Let me go wherever (= to any place to which) they like (to go).在状语从句中，在状语从句中， wherever=no matter where whenever=no matter when 定语从句定语从句：由一个句子充当定语：由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：从句的位置：在名词或代词后在名词或代词后先行词：先行词：引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词 关系代词关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that )关系副词关系副词(when, where , why) 被被定语从句定语从句修饰的词修饰的词作用：作用：(1)引导定语从句引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置代替先行词在从句中的位置A. 只用只用that不用不用which的情况：的情况：（一）当先行词被形容词（一）当先行词被形容词最高级最高级, 序数词序数词包括包括the last等等所修饰时所修饰时（二）先行词为（二）先行词为all, much, little, something, nothing, everything, anything等不定代词等不定代词（三）当先行词既有（三）当先行词既有人又有物人又有物时时（四）当先行词被（四）当先行词被all, any, no, not, little, few, every, each，the very, the only等修饰时等修饰时（五）主句是（五）主句是whowhich引导的特殊问句引导的特殊问句时时（六）关系代词在从句中作（六）关系代词在从句中作表语表语时时China is not the country that it used to be.Ive never heard such stories _he tells.This is the same dictionary _I lost last week. D. 以以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由 in which或或that引导，而且通常可以省引导，而且通常可以省The way _ he answered the questions was surprising. 当先行词为当先行词为anyone, those,人称代词等时。人称代词等时。B.指人时用指人时用who不用不用that的情况：的情况： He _does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Those _have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise more.以以-方式方式whowhoasasthat / in which/- C. 先行词受先行词受such, the same 修饰时关系词常用修饰时关系词常用as关系副词关系副词when, where, why的用法的用法关系副词一般都等于一个适当的介词关系副词一般都等于一个适当的介词which，在从句中作状语。在从句中作状语。when= in/at/on/during+which where= in/at/on/+which why=for +which1 Do you still remember the day _ we went to visit the museum together?2 This is the factory _ my father once worked.3 This is the reason _ he was late.whenwhere / in whichwhy / for which考点考点1 关系代词和关系副词的选用关系代词和关系副词的选用在选择引导词时，重要的是分析一下定语从句在选择引导词时，重要的是分析一下定语从句的成分的成分若从句若从句缺缺主语、宾语、表语，必须用主语、宾语、表语，必须用关系代词关系代词若从句中若从句中不缺不缺主语、宾语或表语，必须用主语、宾语或表语，必须用关系副词关系副词a. This is the place _ he works. This is the place _ we visited last year.b. That was the time _ he arrived. Do you still remember the days _ we spent together?c. This is the reason _ he went. The reason _ he gave us was quite reasonable.d. His father works in a factory _ radio parts are made. His father works in a factory _ makes radio parts. where / in which(which/that)when(which/that)why / for which(which/that)wherewhich/that【1】当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词】当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词 只能用只能用which / whom / whose In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. Recently I bought an vase, the price _was very reasonable. Mr. Smith, _ department she worked, came to see her.考点考点2 介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句to whomof whichin whose【2】介词的搭配】介词的搭配1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking?2. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.3. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.4. He gave me some novels _ _ _ I am not very familiar with.to whomwith whichon whichwhich / that / 不填不填This is the child who/ whom/ that I will look after.5. 译：这是我要照顾的小孩。译：这是我要照顾的小孩。7. (06浙江浙江) I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which8. I live in the house _ roof is red. I live in the house, the roof _ is red. I live in the house, _ the roof is red.9. Do you know the girls, some _ are from Japan.6. I recognized the boss in company my sister was working. whosewhoseof which of which of whom代词代词/数词数词+介词介词+关系代词关系代词限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1. 逗号与主句隔开逗号与主句隔开2. 关系词同限制性定语从句关系词同限制性定语从句,但但不用不用that且且作宾语作宾语不能省不能省3. whichas在非限制性定语从句的异同在非限制性定语从句的异同如先行词是一句话，如先行词是一句话，which 和和 as都可做关系都可做关系词词 which引导的从句只可放主句后引导的从句只可放主句后而而 as 引导的从句可以放在主句前与主句后引导的从句可以放在主句前与主句后,有有“正如正如. 正象正象”. 1. _ is known to all, he is the best student.2. _ is known to all that he is the best student. 3. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. 4. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.5. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.Aswhichasthatwhichasthat考点考点 as的用法的用法It 归纳归纳：1) as引导引导限制性定语从句限制性定语从句先行词前常被先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成修饰，即构成suchas , the same as, soas, 结构，做题时容易忽略。结构，做题时容易忽略。2) as在定语从句中充当成分：主语、宾语或表语。在定语从句中充当成分：主语、宾语或表语。3) as 与与which引导引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句都能指代整都能指代整句内容句内容，但定语从句位于，但定语从句位于句首句首时，只能用时，只能用 as, 意意为为“正如正如、恰如恰如”。This is such a difficult problem as nobody in my class can work out.This is such a difficult problem that nobody in my class can work it out.This is so difficult a problem that nobody in my class can work it out. 定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句 as多用于一些习惯用语中：多用于一些习惯用语中：as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样正如人人都能看到的那样as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知众所周知as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样正如我们所预料的那样as often happens 正如经常发生的那样正如经常发生的那样as has been said before 如上所述如上所述as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的正如上面提到的1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。 where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。考点考点 一些特殊词之后的一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引引导，意思是导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东）山东） A. which B. that C. where D. when2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on . （06江西）江西） A. why B. where C. how D. /高考题链接：高考题链接：做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。恰当的关系词。 1. We feed children _are hungry. A whom we think B who we think C we think who D we think whom2. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A which I think is B which I think it is C which I think it D I think which it is考点考点 注意插入语注意插入语考点考点7 定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致1 I, who _ your husband, should be responsible for you. (be)2 He is one of the students who _ been to America. He is the (only) one of the students who _ been to America. (have)3 To own a computer in families, which we thought_ impossible 20 years ago, now becomes true. (be)amhavehaswas. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B. when C. that D. where. Please take any seat _ is free.A. which B. where C. in which D. that. My home village is no longer the same _ it used to be.A. which B. as C. where D. when. The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A. who B. whose C. that D. which. I dont like the way_ you speak to her.A. / B. that C. in which D. All A, B, and C10 .why does she always ask you for help?there is no one else _, is there?A. who to turn to B. she can turn toC. for whom to turn D. for her to turn11 .The film brought the hours back to me _I wastaken good care of in that far-away village. A.until B.which C. when D.where12Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to loose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 13. Is that the small town _you often refer to ? - Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years.A. That, that B. which, which C. , where D. what 名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句主语从句subject clause 宾语从句宾语从句object clause 表语从句表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句同位语从句appositive clause判断从句两步分析法：1. 找到主句找到主句确定从句确定从句2. 看从句在句中充当什么成分，看从句在句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。就叫什么从句。1.What life will be like is difficult to predict. 2.Some people think that Wales is an ancient fairy land.3. The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy4. His suggestion is that we should go there together.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句I 名词性从句的种类名词性从句的种类名词性从句名词性从句连接词有：连接词有： 1）that（不充当成分，不充当成分， 没具体含义，没具体含义， 在宾语从句中可省略；其他名词性从句不省在宾语从句中可省略；其他名词性从句不省; 2）whether / lf （是否，（是否， if 只可引导只可引导 宾语从句，）宾语从句，） 3）wh-疑问词疑问词: who, whom, whose, which, what, when, where, why, how, whatever whoever whichever等等充当成分充当成分 有具体含义有具体含义1.I dont know _ will happen next.2.She doesnt understand _ he did it?3. The thought _ we might succeed excited us.4. _ he succeeded in the competition made us happy.5. The fact is _ he told a lie to me.whatwhyExamples:thatThatthat用适当的词填空用适当的词填空1. I wonder if this is _ you are looking for.2. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.3. Father made a promise _ he would buy me a computer.4. _ the test will be given is not yet decided.When/Where/Whetherwhatwhether/ifthat5._ the earth is round is known to us all.6. My idea is _ we should do it right now.7. _ they need is clear to us all.8. This is _ I want to do.9.The fact _ man can conquer nature is obvious.10. I have no idea _ he did it.ThatthatWhatthathow/whywhat1.The photographs will show you _ （NMET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 1、名词性从句都用、名词性从句都用陈述语序陈述语序，即把引导词放，即把引导词放在从句开头，后边采用在从句开头，后边采用“主语主语+谓语谓语”结构。结构。2、感叹句变为宾语从句，也应用陈述语序。、感叹句变为宾语从句，也应用陈述语序。You dont know how happy they were to see each other.名词性从句考点归纳名词性从句考点归纳一、语序问题一、语序问题 二二. 主语从句后置主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻, It 作形式主语作形式主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例:That we shall be late is certain.- Its certain that we shall be late.That the earth is round is known to all.- 由连词由连词 whether, 连接代词连接代词 what,who,which和连接副和连接副词词 when,where,why,how 等引导等引导.也常常后置也常常后置:Its known to all that the earth is round.It doesnt matter if/whether he is a foreigner.It is unknown how she has reduced her weight in such a short time.It + be + 形容词形容词 that从句从句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that . 重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明显很明显It + be + -ed分词分词 that从句从句It is believed that 人们相信人们相信It is known to us/all that . 众所周知众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定已经决定形式主语形式主语it，真正的主语是主语从句。，真正的主语是主语从句。It + be + 名词名词 that从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是It is no wonder that 难怪难怪It + 不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句It appears/seems that 似乎似乎It happens that . 碰巧碰巧It turns out that 结果证明是结果证明是It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起宾语从句宾语从句1) 必须用必须用whether 引导引导,不可用不可用if:a. 从句后有从句后有or not 时，不可用时，不可用if :I dont know whether he will come or not. b. 介词宾语通常用介词宾语通常用 whether 引导引导:It depends on whether he is coming or not. 这要看他是否会来。这要看他是否会来。c. 后接动词不定式后接动词不定式时。时。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？你能否告诉我是去还是留？ 2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留在宾语从句中的省略与保留a.在在主主+谓谓+it(形式宾语形式宾语)+宾补宾补+that从句从句(真正真正 宾语宾语) 的句型中的句型中不省略不省略.We must make it clear that we mean what we say.I dont think it right that you leave home without telling your parents.b.由连词由连词and连接的两个由连接的两个由that引导的宾语从引导的宾语从 句句 中中,第二个第二个that 不省略不省略.He told me（ that） he would come andthat he would come on time.3) . think, believe, imagine, suppose等动等动词引起的词引起的否定性宾语从句否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主中，要把上述主句中的句中的动词变为否定式动词变为否定式。即将从句中的。即将从句中的否否定形式移到主句定形式移到主句中。例如：中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。我相信他不会这样做。注注 意：意：在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否” 时，只能用时，只能用 “whether”不能用不能用“If”。2. The reason why he didnt go to school yesterday is that he was ill.3. 这是因为这是因为表语从句考点表语从句考点 He is absent today. Its _ he is seriously ill. he is seriously ill, It is _he is absent today. 4. It looks _ its going to rain again.becauseas if 这就是为什么这就是为什么why同位语从句同位语从句 1. 跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明进一步解释说明。常用名词有常用名词有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion等。等。Suggestion, suggest order demand wish等等2. 常用连词：常用连词：that; when, where, why, howe.g. 消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。问题是他如何做这件事的。问题是他如何做这件事的。 Word came that Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army. Its the question how he did it.The news that we won the game is exciting.The news that he told me yesterday is not true.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句比较：比较：1._ was said here must be kept secret.2. _we need is more time.3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.4._ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoever考点 1 what, whatever, who, whoever考点考点2 what 与与 定语从句引导词定语从句引导词which/that1 Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A which B what C whatever D that2 He came late again, _ made his teacher very angry. _ made the teacher angry was that he came late again. _ made the teacher angry that he came late again. A it B what C whichCBA wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book. where定语从句定语从句that强调句型强调句型定语从句与强调句定语从句与强调句3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。考点考点3 综合考查综合考查定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句1. We all have heard the news_ our team won.2. We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.that (that/which)定语从句与表语从句定语从句与表语从句 The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏）江苏） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which that/which不能无先行词不能无先行词找准先行词找准先行词看成分判断关系词看成分判断关系词（主要看在从句中充当什么成分）（主要看在从句中充当什么成分）1. We should go to the place _ we are most needed.2. We should go to the place _ needs us most. A. it B. where C. that D. what3. It was October _ we met in Dalian for the first time.4. It was in October _ we met in Dalian for the first time. that B. which C. when D. while5. He is such a good teacher_ we all like him. 6. He is such a good teacher_ we all like. A. whom B. that C. as D. whichBCACBC1. The factory _ his mother works is in the east of the city.A. that B. which C. on which D. where2. The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which3. Please make a m