跨文化交际—中德差异课件.pptx

0 1 2 3 4 30 1 2 3 4 20 1 2 3 4 10 1 2 3 4 GermanyvGreetingvForm of AddressvWays to speakvLaugh0 1 2 3 4 GreetingvChina: wave hands or shake handsvGermany: shake hands firmly and tightly0 1 2 3 4 Form of AddressvDont call their first name directly. It would be better if you call them with full name or their surname.vIn Germany, they often call their family members by name which would be thought as impolite in China for they think family members should be equal. 0 1 2 3 4 Ways to speakvChina: implied (confused)vGermany: straightforward (aggressive, impatient and rude )0 1 2 3 4 LaughvChina: express happy, or cover their uneasy, embarrassed and angryvGermany: express happiness0 1 2 3 4 Cooperation Culture0 1 2 3 4 Differences of Enterprise CulturevCultural foundationvPower distancevIndividualism and collectivismvTime managementvCommunication system0 1 2 3 4 Cultural foundationvGerman companies: 1.based on the Christian rational spirits and the humanistic thoughts. 2.science and legislation are more important.vChina companies: 1.based on the Confucian culture. 2. “ guanxi ” and “ morality ” are more important .0 1 2 3 4 Power distancevGerman companies : 1.lower power distance 2.The standardized skills and professions are more importantvChina companies: 1.higher power distance 2.a pyramid-like structure of hierarchy0 1 2 3 4 Individualism and collectivismvGerman companies: individualism Although they require cooperative spirit, subjective initiative and creativity are strongly emphasized.vChina companies: collectivism When personal interests is conflicting with collective interests, people always choose to protect the collective interests with giving up the personal interests.0 1 2 3 4 Time managementvGerman companies: 1.Time is limited. 2.Time managing is a prerequisite for effective action and an essential component of professionalism. vChina companies: it is very normal to break an appointment and change a plan casually.0 1 2 3 4 Communication SystemvIn China, when people communicate with others, they will think firstly how to keep a harmonious relationship. (have a chat first)vIn German, managers think the chat before the communication is a behavior of wasting time0 1 2 3 4 Business Negotiation0 1 2 3 4 ChinaGermanyhigh collectiveestablish social trust firstvalue personal relationsin-groupout-groupget down business firstrespect othershigh individualIndividualism VS Collectivism 0 1 2 3 4 ChinaGermanyEfficiencynegotiate as efficient as possiblenegotiate slowimmediate solution, decisive know each other first build long-term relationship complex decision-making stylenegotiate as efficient as possibleimmediate solution, decisive0 1 2 3 4 CommunicationChinaGermanyhighly structured messages stress literal meaningscome straight to the pointsay “no” directlyavoid using “no” talk around point negotiate in ambiguous messages0 1 2 3 4 linear logicsocial logicsystemic and strong organized thinking have clear goal are not easily compromiseChinaGermanyare easily compromiseThinkinglong-term thinkingshort-term thinking0 1 2 3 4 Special pointswhen doing business with GermanGermancarefullypreparethedocumentsbeforethetradingGerman has the good habit of focusing on credibilityThey will seriously treat contract, and they require others as wellPunctuality is taken extremely seriouslyGerman tend to put their products as selection criteria0 1 2 3 4 Table Manners0 1 2 3 4 Eating habits ChinaGermanya way of enjoying and communication emphasize more on the food itselfconvenient and time-saving nutritionally endowed 0 1 2 3 4 German cuisine & tableware very simple strong flavor a little bit oily cold dishes pork fish beers are always the best choice most German are heavy drinkers Germans see coffee as daily drink and tea as a kind of fashion be highly-qualified and completed different kinds of forks, spoons and plates at German home 0 1 2 3 4 Having Dinner with Germans If you are invited, you have been highly treated If you have to cancel the appointment, you should inform the host in advance Being late is allowable as long as the time is restrained within 15 minutes “whatever” is not a good answer Most Germans believe in Christian and Catholicism, some foods are restrained in their tables 0 1 2 3 4 More Details keep down your voice at table Sometimes there will be a bun wrapped in the napkin, if so, put it on the plate nearby Never use your napkin to clean your tableware or plate holding of knife or fork of the hostess is a sign to begin the dinner put the fishbone on the verge of your plate instead of putting it on the table or onto the floor 0 1 2 3 4 Taboos The knife and fork that have been used in eating fish should not be used to eat meat or cheese again. drink beers and wine at the same dinner, beers should go first do not pile too much food in your plate Napkin should never be used as a tool to fan yourself. Germans do not eat walnuts.0 1 2 3 4 Gift Giving0 1 2 3 4 Gift Giving Germany Chinasubordinates send gifts to their superiorsgovernment officers receive gifts in New Year15 Euros &registrationNo limitation on the priceNo registration0 1 2 3 4 Gift Giving in formal occasion Obey the rules carried out by the hostChoose gifts as requiredBoth countries has the similar traditions0 1 2 3 4 Giving gifts to female business partners Germany Chinaroses, perfume and underclothes are unacceptable indicate love and intimacy do not pay much attention not really care about as long as it is of great value0 1 2 3 4 casual occasion-partyGermany Chinabring flowers number of flowers must be odd cornflower is a good choice Not rosesDo not usually give flowers in party0 1 2 3 4 Giving alcohol as gifts Germany Chinaa bottle of wine means low-class tastewhiskey is acceptableLiquorExpensive & famous0 1 2 3 4 Be careful ! Germany Chinanot to send tableware or swords offensive and unluckya coin in return can eliminate misfortuneHave the same tradition0 1 2 3 4 Wrapping Gifts Germany Chinaavoiding using white, black and brown papernot use ribbon Do not care aboutcolor as long as it looks professional0 1 2 3 4 THANKS