考研英语写作讲义课件.ppt
考研写作考研写作 考研写作总结考研写作总结核心：先输入再输出（一）积累观点看懂句子找搭配判性质找主体（名词）替换主体（和考研写作题目相关）（二）仿写句子1：名词注意单复数:2：动词注意单三（主谓一致）3：介词搭配别写错.考考研写作研写作话题分类话题分类（一）文化类（一）文化类 （2010.2002）（二）情感类（二）情感类 （2014.2005.2003.2001）（三）环保类（三）环保类 （2011.2000）（四）流行类（四）流行类 （2015.2009.2006）（五）哲理类（五）哲理类 （2013.2012.2008.2007.2004） 课程体系1.大小作文观点积累（写作角度）大小作文观点积累（写作角度）2.大小作文框架大小作文框架 积累观点八大角度积累观点八大角度：能力角度：能力角度：教育角度：教育角度：科技角度：科技角度：文化角度：文化角度：环保角度：环保角度：哲理角度：哲理角度：情感角度：情感角度：健康角度：健康角度能力角度Job-hunting may bring to the students many advantages,such as encouraging student to take an active part in social practice and putting more pressures on them to improve their abilities to communicate and learn.仿写真题：独立，取得进步，盲目崇拜，自信，团队合作，保护环境，乐观主义，就业，兼职工作.能力角度Students in some universities are entitled to do part-time jobs,which offers the young people a more flexible and efficient way of learning，broadens their horizons，makes their future life easier and more meaningful and may easily give the students much knowledge in some specific fields.仿写真题：文化交流，独立，取得进步，盲目崇拜，自信，团队合作，网络，文化融合，手机，就业等.主语主语名词作主语Kobe Bryant is a basketball player.代词作主语He reads newspaper every day.数词作主语Two and six is eight.动名词作主语Seeing is believing.不定式作主语To swim in Fenhe River is a great pleasure.主语主语主语从句作主语What we will do next is not yet decided.宾语宾语名词作宾语I want a book.代词作宾语I want it.动名词作宾语I enjoy playing.不定式作宾语I want to go.宾语从句作宾语I think you are right表语表语名词作表语His father is a doctor.代词作表语He likes me.形容词作表语He is careless.动名词作表语His work is teaching.不定式作表语Our aim is to pass the CET-6.介词短语作表语The book is under the desk.表语表语done作表语The glass is broken.表语从句作表语The question is who can really repair the machines.定语定语形容词作定语She is a beautiful girl./I have something important to tell you.介词短语作定语Yesterday the scientist made a report on modern science.to do作定语he has a lot work to do.doing作定语The girl playing the violin is my sister.done作定语The apartment built is my home.定语从句作定语This is the new car which belongs to me.状语状语副词作状语He listened to me carefully./ I often go to school by bus/Unfortunately，I cannot do it.to do作状语Man sends rockets in outer space to study conditions there.doing作状语Being a kind man，he often helps others.状语从句作状语If you have any questions，you can call me anytime.能力角度With self-confidence,a rising number of youngsters in the Ivory Tower can confront any challenges,adapt to uncertainties and thrive in the fiercely competitive world.仿写真题：独立，取得进步，盲目崇拜，自信，团队合作，保护环境，乐观主义，就业，兼职工作.能力角度Teamwork can allow us to overcome one difficulty after another,move us forward constantly and finally put us a step closer to success.仿写真题：独立，取得进步，盲目崇拜，自信，团队合作，保护环境，乐观主义，就业，兼职工作.能力角度Making progress can ignite our passion for study or work,bring our potential into full play and sharpen our competitive edge.仿写真题：独立，取得进步，盲目崇拜，自信，团队合作，保护环境，乐观主义，就业，兼职工作.能力角度If optimism deserts us,we will not only lead a depressing life but also lose hope for the future,thus never making any attempt before surrendering to misfortunes.仿写真题：独立，取得进步，盲目崇拜，自信，团队合作，保护环境，乐观主义，就业，兼职工作.能力角度Without making progress,after stepping into the complicated/harsh reality,we will painfully find that we get lost,have difficulty in adjusting to the real world and eventually hardly cope with life .仿写真题：独立，取得进步，盲目崇拜，自信，团队合作，保护环境，乐观主义，就业，兼职工作.能力角度Making progress always lets me think that I want to learn more for the job and future life, I dont care about the scores I have got.I just want to be a man having a sharp and imaginative mind with different knowledge which is beyond my major.仿写真题：文化交流,独立思维,盲目崇拜,自信,合作,就业，兼职等.能力角度With optimism,our life will continue to be enriched in a multitude of tangible and intangible ways.With optimism,our values deepen, the depth of our experience grows and will attain a sense of balance and inner peace .仿写真题：爱，文化交流，独立，取得进步，自信，团队合作，文化融合，就业等.能力角度Regardless of how much success we have had in school or at work，in the face of seemingly insurmountable challenges or predicament,possessing self-confidence is of utmost significance.仿写真题：爱，独立，取得进步，自信，团队合作，文化融合，信念，乐观等.能力角度More and more college students in the Ivory Tower，the best educated segment of our population, is when they sometimes say that they really do not know enough to get self-confidence and that they simply trust pop culture and good faith of the government.仿写真题：爱，独立，取得进步，自信，团队合作，信念，乐观，尊老爱幼，兼职工作等.能力角度Steve Jobs was abandoned by his biological parents and dropped out of university. Probably optimism has nothing to do with him，but he went on to conquer his multiple handicaps and finally become a legendary boss，to be an inspiration to all.仿写真题：爱，独立，取得进步，自信，团队合作，信念，乐观等.能力角度Since large segments of the populations of many developing countries are essentially powerless, they tend to be the loser in this fiercely competitive world unless they are aided by teamwork.仿写真题：爱，独立，取得进步，自信，团队合作，文化融合，信念，乐观，等.能力角度Making progress could apply to individuals as in such a competitive world everybody is trying to get ahead. Furthermore，our motherland should also move forward in terms of economy，and politics and culture so that we Chinese as a nation can gain respect and honor from world.仿写真题：独立，取得进步，自信，团队合作，文化融合，信念，乐观等.能力角度From athletes like Yao Ming and Liu Xiang，whose success is gained through non-stop efforts，teamwork and optimism. By contrast，a lot of people choose to take a rest to enjoy their small success and thus lose the motivation for further achievement.仿写真题：爱，独立，取得进步，自信，团队合作，信念，乐观，等.能力角度With great cooperation and getting along with your colleagues and even your boss, you can easily survive the corporation. And your chances of success are much higher with wide circle of friends offering information and resources.仿写真题：爱，独立，取得进步，自信，团队合作，文化融合，信念，乐观，等.教育角度If we can properly touch practical skills,they will allow us to predict successfully the level of performance we will reach in a wide variety of occupations.教育角度Once young people met with reverses and setbacks,they will feel frustrated and thus lose heart inevitably,which goes to mean that it may well lead to tragedy of some kind.教育角度(With its seemingly magic power),independent thinking can not only accelerate the personal growth,but serve as a positive and efficient instrument for individuals to achieve ambitions.教育角度Immature and curious,many of students,more often than not,fail to resist temptation,thus indulging in recreations,which distracts their attention from school activities and leads them to drop out and run wild.教育角度W i t h g r e a t e d u c a t i o n f o r a l l - r o u n d development,youngsters who are eager to use their own hands can equip with many cheap and practical appliances in the home and to some extent easily and dearly picture their future.教育角度Owning to better education,our knowledge will be well enriched,and our horzions will be greatly expanded.On the contrary,a total lack of better education will have the potential to reduce the peoples craving for knowledge,depriving them of the initiative to make new discoveries and explore new frontiers.应用文（小作文）应用文（小作文） 书信分类书信分类：私人信函指写给亲戚朋友，收件人一般是朋友：私人信函指写给亲戚朋友，收件人一般是朋友,同学同学,校友校友,室友室友,等，形式较随意，属于等，形式较随意，属于半正式文体。半正式文体。：公务信函亦称事务信函，主要包括：邀请信，感谢信，道歉信，：公务信函亦称事务信函，主要包括：邀请信，感谢信，道歉信，祝贺信，介绍信，申请信，建议信，投诉信，咨询信等，属于祝贺信，介绍信，申请信，建议信，投诉信，咨询信等，属于正正式文体。式文体。：备忘录是用于上级对下级或同级之间的：备忘录是用于上级对下级或同级之间的正式文体。正式文体。：报告是下级对上级的正式信函：报告是下级对上级的正式信函eg：调查报告，工作总结。通常，：调查报告，工作总结。通常，报告与备忘录写作格式完全相同。报告与备忘录写作格式完全相同。考研写作阅卷之考研写作阅卷之文体文体文体分类：文体分类： 正式文体正式文体（formal style/register） 半正式文体半正式文体（semi-formal style/register） 半正式文体：私人信函，备忘录，私人告示半正式文体：私人信函，备忘录，私人告示正式文体：公务信函，摘要，报告，公务告示正式文体：公务信函，摘要，报告，公务告示eg：请您告知我下个星期日的会议您是否来参加：请您告知我下个星期日的会议您是否来参加半正式：半正式： Let me know if you can come for the meeting next Sunday.正式：正式：Please kindly inform us of your availability for the meeting to be held next Sundayeg：是否愿意和我一起度过这个周末呢？：是否愿意和我一起度过这个周末呢？半正式：半正式： How about coming down to stay with us for weekend.正式：正式： We would like to invite you for a weekend. We would appreciate it if you could come for the weekend 半正式：半正式： Come to my office for a ticket.(写给亲密朋友）写给亲密朋友）正式：正式： I would like you to come to my office to pick up the ticket.（写给上级，领导）（写给上级，领导）（PS: I would like to./I d like to.)非正式语言表达：非正式语言表达：缩写：缩写：I m Theyre Its e.g：省略：如：省略：如Looking forward to your reply.：口语：口语：by the way，as you know，hi，well.应用文（小作文）历年真题统计应用文（小作文）历年真题统计应用文（小作文）频数应用文（小作文）频数建议信建议信4次次 感谢信感谢信2次次辞职信辞职信1次次 请求信请求信1次次道歉信道歉信1次次 告示告示 1次次推荐信推荐信1次次 投诉信投诉信1次次邀请信邀请信1次次 倡议信倡议信1次次询问信询问信1次次应用文（小作文）格式应用文（小作文）格式A：称呼：称呼B：正文：正文C：结束语：结束语D：签名：签名E：缩进式和齐头式：缩进式和齐头式称呼种类称呼种类Dear Mr.（先生）用于男性（先生）用于男性Dear Mrs.（太太）用于已婚女士（太太）用于已婚女士Dear Miss.（女士）用于未婚女士（女士）用于未婚女士Dear Dr./Prof.（博士（博士/教授）用于学术界教授）用于学术界Dear Hon.（Honorable）（尊敬的）用于市长，议员，）（尊敬的）用于市长，议员，大使大使.Dear Pres.（president）用于称呼董事长，总经理，校长）用于称呼董事长，总经理，校长Dear Editor（编辑）（编辑）Dear Sir or Madam 用于不知收信人姓名时用于不知收信人姓名时To Whom It May Concern 用于不知收信人姓名时（推荐用于不知收信人姓名时（推荐信，证明信，鉴定信）信，证明信，鉴定信）称呼使用情况：称呼使用情况：写给机构：写给机构不认识的负责人：不认识的负责人：Dear Sir or Madam To Whom It May Concern认识负责人：认识负责人：Dear Mr.President Dear Mr.(Kobe) Bryant(全名或姓）全名或姓）：写给个人：写给个人关系不密切：关系不密切：Dear Mr.President Dear Mr.(Kobe) Bryant(全名或姓）全名或姓）Dear Mr.Green Dear Prof.Black关系密切：关系密切：Dear Ann Dear Michael正文结构正文结构第一段：自我介绍（视情况）第一段：自我介绍（视情况）+写作目的（写作目的（2句左右）句左右）第二段：改写提纲第二段：改写提纲1+改写提纲改写提纲2+改写提纲改写提纲3（4句左右）句左右）第三段：期待回信第三段：期待回信+表示感谢（表示感谢（2句左右）句左右）结束语结束语（一）公务信函（一）公务信函Yours sincerely Yours truly Yours respectfullyYours faithfully（二）私人信函（二）私人信函Yours sincerely Yours lovingly Yours affectionatelyWith love from All my love With best wishesWarmest regards 签名签名（一）不要出现真实姓名（一）不要出现真实姓名（二）不要出现日期（考试要求除外）（二）不要出现日期（考试要求除外）（三）英语一（三）英语一“Li Ming” 英语二英语二“Zhang Wei真题讲解真题讲解Directions:（2005年）年） Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)真题讲解真题讲解Directions:（2008年）年） You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)真题讲解真题讲解Directions:（2007年）年） Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions for improving its service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)真题讲解真题讲解Directions: you are a undergraduate student of X university，and you are interested in the position of office clerk that is advertised in the newspaper.Write a letter to the company stating the reasons for your application,your qualifacation for the position,and asking for an interview. Write your letter with no less than 130 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.真题讲解真题讲解Directions:（2009年）年） Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. White pollution is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1）give your opinions briefly and2）make two or three suggestions You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address.小作文框架（第一段）自我介绍（视情况）： I am a first year student majoring in history at Shanxi university.This is a sophomore majoring in math from Peking universiy. I am an undergraduate majoring in Chinese from Shandong university. This is Li Ming,a senior student majoring in music from ShanXi university.写作目的（必写）：I am writing this letter/e-mail to inform you that(句子)：I am writing to you by this letter/e-mail that(句子)：I am writing to you about the fact that(句子)小作文框架（第一段）句子分类（根据信件种类）I am writing to you by this letter/e-mail that：I would like to do:1:resign from sth（辞职信）2:request sth（请求信）3:offer some conducive recommendations to sth（建议信）4:express my sincere apology to you for sth（道歉信）5:extend my heartfelt gratitude to you for sth（感谢信）6:recommend sth（推荐信）7:congratulate sth（祝贺信）8:make a complaint about sth（投诉信） 9:invite you to do sth（邀请信）10:call on sb to do sth（倡议信）小作文框架（第二段）根据提纲而定小作文框架（第三段）根据语气而定 I feel terribly sorry for any inconveniences I have caused. My thanks for you to your generous help are beyond words. Words fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you. I look forward to hearing from you soon. I am looking forward to your favorable reply at your earliest convenience. Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated. Once again,please accept my sincere apology for any inconveniences that I have caused.：I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into serious consideration. 名词名词1.老人：老人： old people/the old/the elderly/the aged/senior citizens2.老师：老师： teacher/instructors/educator/professor3.青少年：青少年： young people/youngsters/youths/adolescents4.教育：教育： education/schooling/family parenting/upbringing 5. 娱乐：娱乐： entertainment/enjoyment/pastimes/recreation/6.责任：责任： responsibility/obligation/duty/liability7.优点：优点： advantage/merit/superiority/virtue8.职业：职业： job/career/employment/profession/vocation 9.方面：方面： aspect/facet/dimension/sphere10.数字：数字： number/figure/statistics11.顾客：顾客： customer/shopper/client/purchaser12.影响：影响： effect/influence/impact/sway 13.能力：能力： ability/capacity/power/competence14.人类：人类： human beings/mankind/human race/15.危险：危险： danger/peril/hazard16.污染：污染： pollution/contamination17.幸福：幸福： happiness/well-being 18.事情：事情： thing/affair/case/issue/matter/19.发展：发展： development/advancement/20.缺点：缺点： disadvantage/shortcoming/drawback/defect/21.交流：交流： communication/interaction/22.意向：意向： intention/inclination/ 动词：动词：1.提高，加强：提高，加强：improve/enhance/promote/strengthen/optimize2.显示，揭露：显示，揭露：show/indicate/unfold/display/reveal3.引起：引起：cause/arouse/trigger/endanger/beget/ 4.解决：解决： solve/resolve/address/dispose/tackle/cope with/5.破坏：破坏： destroy/ruin/wreck/ravage/devastate/6.培养：培养： develop/cultivate/foster/rear/nurture/7.激发，促使：激发，促使： encourage/motivate/stimulate/spur/8.认为：认为： think/assert/hold/claim/argue/ 9. 完成：完成： finish/complete/fulfill/accomplish/achieve/10. 保留：保留： keep/preserve/retain/hold/withhold/11. 减轻减轻: ease/lighten/alleviate/relieve/allay/ 目击：目击：see/witness告诉：告诉：tell/convey发送：发送：send/deliver出现：出现：appear/emerge消失：消失：disappear/fade上升：上升：increase/rocket面临：面临：face/confront遏制：遏制：stop/restrain享有：享有：enjoy/possess恶化：恶化：worsen/deteriorate通知：通知：say/notify询问：询问：ask/inquire评估：评估：judge/evaluate保存：保存：save/conserve执行：执行：do/execute忍受：忍受：bear/endure支持：支持：support/uphold放大：放大：enlarge/amplify除去：除去：remove/eliminate强调：强调：emphasize/highlight 形容词形容词&副词副词1.流行的：流行的： popular/prevalent/prevailing/pervasive/2.贫穷的：贫穷的： poor/needy/impoverished/poverty-stricken3.有活力的：有活力的： energetic/dynamic/vigorous/animated4.富裕的：富裕的： rich/wealthy/affluent/well-to-do/well-off 5.美丽的：美丽的： beautiful/attractive/gorg
