2022年英语知识点总结.docx
2022年英语知识点总结英语知识点总结1语法一、结构:现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合,即"have+been+动词过去分词"。二、用法:现在完成时被动语态结构常用于以下两种情况:(1)主谓关系被动,而且谓语动作从过去一直延续到现在;(2)主谓关系被动,而且谓语动作发生在过去,但已对现在造成影响或结果。三、现在完成时主动句和被动句之间的转换:如果要将现在完成时的主动句转换成被动句,则要把其宾语变为主语,谓语动词变为被动结构,主语变为由介词引导的状语或直接将其省略;反之,如果要把被动句变为主动句,则恢复其原来的主语,谓语动词套用主动结构。英语知识点总结2重点单词major local represent curious introduceapproach stranger express action generalavoid misunderstand similar agreement adultpunish intend means universal culturalapologize behave bow flight defencedormitory canteen dash comfortable distanceprefer touch custom false hugfunction international powerful greet fistyawn threaten respectful association gesture英语知识点总结3The用法1.表示特指的人或物例：Please hand me the key on the desk.请把桌上的钥匙递给我。The girl in red is his sister.穿红色衣服的女孩是他妹妹。The building over there is the tallest in the town.那边那幢大楼是这个城里最高的。I like the music of the film.我喜欢这部电影的音乐。2.表示双方都知道的或心中明白的人或物例：Shut the door, please.请关门。Has he returned the book?那本书他还了吗?Take the blue one, it is cheaper.拿那个蓝的，它便宜些。3.第二次提到某人或某物第一次提到时用不定冠词，第二次提到时要用定冠词。例：He saw a house in the distance. Jim's parents lived in the house.他看见远处有一所房子，吉姆的父母就住在那所房子里。There was once an old fisherman. The old fisherman had a cat. The cat was white.从前有一个老渔夫。这个老渔夫有一只猫。这只猫是只白猫。4.用在世界上独一无二的名词前the sun太阳，the earth地球，the moon月亮，the sky天空，the world世界例：The moon goes round the earth.月亮绕着地球转。There is not any cloud in the sky.天空中没有一丝云彩。It was a fine day in spring. The sun shone brightly.这是一个晴朗的春日，阳光灿烂。He is the richest man in the world.他是世界上最富的人。5.用在表示方向、方位的名词前the east东方，the west西方，the south南方，the north北方，the right右边，the left左边例：The birds are flying to the north.这些鸟向北方飞去。The moon rises in the east and sets in the west.月亮从东方升起，在西方落下。The wind was blowing from the south.风从南方吹来。She lived to the west of the Summer Palace.她住在颐和园的西边。英语知识点总结4will与would的区别1.表示意愿时的区别will表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿：Go where you will.你愿到哪里就到哪里。She asked if I would go with them.她问我是否愿意同他们一起去。2.表示征求意见或提出请求的区别主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时并不表示过去，而表示委婉语气：Wont you take off your coat?你要不要把大衣脱掉?Will you please post the letter for me?请帮我寄了这封信好吗?3.表示习惯和倾向性的区别will表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习惯：This window wont open.这扇窗户经常打不开。When he was a child, he would often go skating.他小时候经常去滑冰。would like / would love可视为习语，意为“想要”，其后接名词、代词或不定式：I would like a cup of tea.我想要杯茶。We would love to go with him.我们想同他一起去。英语知识点总结5可数名词变复数时，有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1、规则变化：(1)一般情况直接在词尾加"-s "，如：cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;(2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词，要在词尾加"-es "，如：bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加"-es "，如：baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;(4)部分以f (e)结尾的词，变f (e)为"ves "，如：knife-knives, half-halves等;(5)以o结尾的词，加"-s "或"-es "，如：zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀：除了"英雄"hero外，凡是能吃的，加"-es "，不能吃的加"-s "。2、不规则变化：(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;(2)单、复同形：sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;(3)其他形式：mouse-mice, child-children等。英语知识点总结61. means n. 方法;途径2. experience n. 经验3. equipment n. 设备4. successful adj. 成功的5. protect v. 保护6. handle v. 处理7. consider v. 考虑8. benefit n. 利益9. particular adj. 特别的10. effect n. 效果11. combine v. 合并12. unforgettable adj. 不会忘记的13. advance v. 前进14. seize v. 抓住15. struggle v. 奋斗16. fear v. & n. 害怕17. strike v. 敲打18. destroy v. 毁掉19. publish v. 出版20. naughty adj. 调皮的第7页 共7页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页
