2022英国文学史复习资料整理.docx

2022英国文学史复习资料整理篇一：英国文学史知识梳理 一、The Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066) The literature：Two divisions: pagan and Christian The Song of Beowulf：the events which took place on the Continent at the beginning of the 6th Century，The poem tells of a hero, a Scandinavian prince named Beowulf, who rids the Danes of the monster Grendel, half man and half fiend, and Grendel's mother, who comes that evening to avenge Grendel's death. Fifty years later Beowulf, now king of his native land, fights a dragon who has devastated his people. Both Beowulf and the dragon are mortally wounded in the fight. The poem ends with Beowulf's funeral. Theme：the primitive peoples struggle against hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader. 二、The Anglo-Norman Period(1066-1350) The Literature：The literature which they brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure (Romance), in marked contrast with the strength and somberness(朴实无华)of Anglo-Saxon poetry (Epic). Explanation of Sir Gawain and Green Knight：Two motifs（主题） 1.The test of faith, courage, purity2.The test of human weakness for self-preservation 三、Geoffrey Chaucer(1340?-1400） CharacteristicsHis allegories and symbols are already tinged with realistic imagesChaucers poem is distinguished for its profound delineation of character and truthful description of human relations. The Canterbury Tales：The Host (Harry Baily) proposes a storytelling contest to pass the time; each of the 30 pilgrims (including the poet) is to tell four tales on the round trip. Major Work:1.The Legend of Good Women好女人的故事2.The House of Fame声誉殿堂 3.The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集4.Troilus and Cressida特洛伊勒斯和克莱西 5.The Parliament of Fowls百鸟会议 四、The Renaissance（16th Century） Two features：1.A thirsting curiosity for classical literature. 2.The keen interest in life and human activities. 1.William Shakespeare(1564-1616) Three Periods of his Dramatic Career and its characteristics (1) the years from 1590 to 1600,are characterized from a degree by formal and rather obvious construction and by stylized verse to highly individualized. Comedies: 1)The Merchant of Vince, 威尼斯商人 2)A Midsummer Nights Dream,仲夏夜之 梦 Twelfth Night,第十二夜 3)As You Like It.（皆大欢喜）4)The Comedy of Errors, 5)The Merry Wives of Window, the years from 1601 to 1608,the most profound of his works. Tragedies:1)Hamlet哈姆雷特 2)King Lear李尔王 3) Macbeth麦克白 4) Othello奥赛罗 5)Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶 6) Timon of Athens.(雅典的泰门） the period from 1609-1612,principal romantic tragicomedies. The Themes of Hamlet：new themes:1.the impossibility of certainty; 2.the complexity of action;3the mystery of death;4.its exploration into mans inner world, into human psychology through a series of soliloquy（自言自语，独白） . Traditional aspects of Themes ：1.Hesitation:2. Inherited Sin and Corruption(人生而有罪和堕落):3. Sons Seeking Revenge 4. Deception: Deception makes up a major motif in Hamlet. 5. Ambition6. Loyalty:7. Madness8.Empty Existence Features of Shakespeares Drama ：1). one of the founders of realism in world lit. 2) Skilled in many poetic forms .3). A great master of the English language Petrarchan sonnet :The octave is eight lines long, and typically follows a rhyme scheme of ABBAABBA, or ABBACDDC.The sestet occupies the remaining six lines of the poem, and typically follows a rhyme scheme of CDCDCD, or CDECDE. Shakespearean sonnet:ABAB CDCD EFEF GG The sonnet 18,16 The Spencerian Sonnet:ABAB BCBC CDCD EE On His Blindness 2.Francis Bacon(1561-1626) Major works:1)Advancement of Learning学术的进展 2)New Instrument新工具 3)New Atlantis新大西岛; 4)Essays随笔(Of Truth; Of Friendship; Of Studies论学习; Of Wisdom for a Mans Self) 五、The Period of Revolution Restoration（17th Century) Literary characteristics:Confusion; Absence of any fixed standard of literary criticism; 1.John Donne (1572-1631)Metaphysical poets A Valediction: forbidding mourning Theme:Real, complete love unites not only the bodies of a husband and wife but also their souls. Such spiritual love is transcendent, metaphysical, keeping the lovers together intellectually and spiritually even though the circumstances of everyday life may separate their bodies. Imagery:The circle 1. Marriage ring 2. Path of the planets 3. Path described by a compass The compass Planetary trepidation Earthquakes The gold Valuable, noble, difficult to destroy Three kinds of poets.Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人), Cavalier poet(保皇派诗人),the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人). Literary term: Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌) 2.John Milton (1608-1674) An English Poet 1)Paradise Lost (masterpiece)失乐园 2)Paradise Regained复乐园3)Samson Agonistes 力士参孙4)Lycidas 利西达斯5) Areopagitica 论出版自由 6)On the Morning of Christs Nativity基督诞生晨颂 7)LAllegro快乐的人 8)Of Reformation in England论英国改革9)Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce离婚的戒律与学说10)Penseroso幽思的人 11)Comus 科玛斯 Paradise Lost:It is about Satans rebellion against God and the expulsion(驱逐) of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. Theme :The theme of the poem is a revolt against Gods authority On His Blindness:theme:God judges humans on whether they labor for Him to the best of their ability. 六、The Age of Enlightenment in England（The 18th Century） 1.Daniel Defoe:The father of the English fiction(英国小说之父） Major works:1)The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊漂流记2)Captain Singleton 辛格顿船长3)Moll Flanders 摩尔·弗兰德斯4)A Journal of the Plague Year 大疫年日记5) Roxana 罗克萨娜 THE ADVENTURES OF ROBINSON CRUSOE Theme:the power of the average man to preserve life and to organize economy in the face of unpromising environment. 2.Jonathan Swift(1667-1745)One of the greatest masters of English prose;十八世纪杰出的政治家和讽刺小说家 Major Works：1)A Tale of a Tub 一个木桶的故事2)Battle of the Books 书籍之战 3)Journal to Stella 给斯黛拉的信4)The Drapiers Letters布商的信5)A Modest Proposal 一个温和的建议 Gullivers Travels 格列佛游记 ：Lilliput 小人国Brobdingnag 大人国 Flying Island 飞岛国Houyhnhnm 马岛国 Swift style :simple, clear, vigorous language;direct and precise prose;a master satirist;deadly(非常有效的) irony;powerful satire. 3.Robert Burns(1759-1796):Scottish poet and writer of traditional Scottish folk songs. 1)A Red Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰 2) Auld Longn Syne 往昔时光3)John Anderson,My Jo约翰爱德生，我的爱人4)A Mans a Man for A That不管那一套 5) My Hearts in the Highlands我的心在那高原上 七、The 19th Romantic History Background:(1).Industrial Revolution and French Revolution had a strong influence in Britain literature. (2)Fighting for “Liberty, Equality and Fraternity” also becomes British national spirit. 1.William Wordsworth(1770-1850)与Samuel Taylor Coleridge,Robert Southey 同被称为Lake Poets(湖畔诗人） Characteristics:Wordsworths poetry is distinguished by purity and simplicity of his language which was spoken by the peasants who convey their feelings and emotions in simple and unelaborated（坦率的） expressions. Major Work:Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey“丁登寺杂咏” Wandered Lonely as a Cloud “我独自漫游像一朵浮云”The Prelude序曲 The Excursion 远足 Lyrical Balas 抒情歌谣集The Solitary Reaper” “孤独的收割者” 2.George Gordon Byron(1788-1824)he is one of the most excellent representatives of English Romanticism and one of the most influential poets of the time. Major works:1) Hours of Idleness (1807)闲暇时刻 2) The English Bards and Scott Reviewers (1809)英国诗人和苏格兰评论家 3) Child Harold Pilgrimage (1st two cantos1812, the later cantos 1816-1818) 恰尔德·哈罗德游记written in Spenserian stanza.4) The Giaour 异教徒5) Lara (1814)莱拉 6) The Corsair (1814)海盗7) Don Juan (1819-1824)唐璜masterpiece8) The Vision of Judgment 审判的幻景 9)Cain 该隐10）She walks in Beauty 她走在美的光影里 The characteristic of his poems:Byrons poems show energy and vigor, romantic daring (bold, brave) and powerful passion. 3.Persy Bysshe Shelly :one of the major English Romantic poets. Major works:1) Zastrozzi, 柴斯特罗齐2) The Necessity of Atheism, 无神论的必要性 3) Queen Mab, 仙后麦布4) Prometheus Unbound,解放了的普罗米修斯 5) “The Odes to the West Wind”,“西风颂6) The Masque of Anarchy, 暴政的行列 7) A Defence of Poetry, 诗之辩护8) The Triumph of Life, 革命的胜利行列 4.John Keats“Beauty is truth, truth beauty”. Major works:1)“O Solitude”,“孤寂”2)“On First Looking into Chapmans Homer”,“初读查普曼译荷马史诗”3)Poems，诗集，his first book. 4)Endymion,恩底弥翁 his first long poem.5)Isabella,伊莎贝拉6)Hyperion,许佩里翁7)Lamia，莱米 亚. The great odes: (1)On a Grecian Urn，“希腊古瓮颂”.(2)To Psyche，“心灵颂”.(3)On Melancholy，“哀感”.(4)To Autumn，“秋颂”. The characteristic of his poetry, characterized by exact and closely-knit construction, sensual descriptions, and by force of imagination, gives transcendental values to the physical beauty of the world. 5.Jane Austin:one of the realistic novelists. Major works:Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺Sense and Sensibility理智与情感 Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见 Mansfield Park 曼斯菲尔德花园 .Emma爱玛Persuasion劝告 The characteristic of her novel:1）She drew vivid and realistic pictures of everyday life of the country society 2）main concern is about human beings in their personal relations, human beings with their families and neighbors3）Stories of love and marriage Pride and Prejudice： Main idea:The book mainly tells the love story between a rich, proud young man Darcy and the beautiful and intelligent Elizabeth Bennet. None of the daughters of the wealthy family can inherit the estate (property) of the family for it has been entailed (把遗产留给) upon the nearest male heir, William Collins. Collins intends to marry and he decides to choose Elizabeth. But Elizabeth rejects his proposal. When another young man called Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, she has prejudice against him because she thinks that he has nothing but pride. After many twists and turns, misunderstanding disappears and they are happily united. Theme:1)pride and prejudice2)love and marriage 八、The Victorian Age The Mainly three kinds of literature and its characteristics 1)the Chartist literature 2)English Critical Realism 3)Victorian poetry 1.Charles Dickens Major works: 1)Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿 2)The Pickwick Papers?匹克威克外传? 3)Great Expectations ?远大前程? 4)David Copperfield ?大卫·科波菲尔? 5)Bleak House ?荒凉山庄? 6)Hard Times ?艰难时世? 7）Little Dorrit ?小杜丽? 8）A Tale of Two Cities ?双城记? 9）Dombey and Son (1847-1848)?董贝父子?10）Our Mutual Friend ?我们的共同朋友?11）American Notes ?美国札记? 2.Charlotte Bronte:1)Anne Bronte(18201849) Agnes Grey,安格尼斯·格雷 The Tenant of the Wildfell Hall王尔德费尔庄园的佃户 Jane Eyre,简爱Themes :Love Versus Autonomy 2)Emily Bronte(18181848) Wuthering Heights,呼啸山庄The theme of the novel: a full human life (完美人生) in a capitalist society was impossible of attainment (达到). They were all talented writers and all of them died young. 3.Alfred,Lord Tennyson Major works:1).In Memoriam 悼念2). Poems, Chiefly Lyrical 抒情诗集3). Poems (two volumes) 诗集4). The Princess 公主5). Maud 毛黛6). The Idylls of the King 国王叙事集7. Poems by Two Brothers哥俩集 4.Robert Browning Major works :1)“Home-Thoughts, from Abroad” 2)异域乡思“Meeting at Night”深夜幽会“Parting at Morning” 清晨离别 篇二：英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)1 (1) 英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature The Late Medieval Ages <Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g. Homer?s Iliad and Odyssey Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵） Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)1400 (首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。) The father of English poetry. It is _alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的，广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A ) A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gower writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集： first time to use ?heroic couplet?(双韵体) by middle English <Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 <The House of Fame>声誉之宫 Medieval Ages popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事) Famous three：King Arthur Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Beowulf II The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events of the Renaissance rebirth or revival: 1. new discoveries in geography and astrology 2. the religious reformation and economic expansion 3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞15521599 （后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets? poet.The first to be buried in the Poet?s corner of Westerminster Abbey 12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for “the poet?s poet”? ( B ) A. Spenser?s idealismB. his struggle for criteria C. his love of beauty D. his exquisite melody <The Faerie Queene>仙后(for Queen Elizabeth) The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”. Artistic features: 1. Using Spenserian Stanza Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. <The Shepherds Calendar>牧人日历 The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind. <Amoretti>爱情小唱? 2. Thomas? More托马斯?莫尔14781535 One of the greatest English humanists <Utopia>乌托邦? 3. Francis? Bacon弗兰西斯?培根15611626 （哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。） Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.? Writing style:brevity, compactnesspowerfulness, well-arranging and eiching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man?s reason. <The Advancement of Learning>学术的推进 <Essays>随笔(famous quotas: <Of studies>)? The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies. 4. Ben Jonson <Comedy of Humours> <Volpone,