初中英语八大时态语态总复习时态讲解(共8页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初中英语八大时态语态总复习时态讲解 一般现在时态【展示平台】1 一般现在时态用来表示经常，反复，习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频率的副词sometimes（有时）, often（经常）, usually（通常）, always（总是）等连用。时间状语in the morning/ afternoon/ evening（在上午/下午/晚上）, every day/ week/ month/ year（每天/周/月/年, at noon/night（在中午/夜里）, on Monday/Tuesday（在星期一/二）等也可用在一般现在时态中。如：    Bruce usually walks to school.  布鲁斯通常步行去上学。    We have two P.E classes every week. 我们每周上两节体育课。2 表示现在的特征或状态。如：    She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐于助人。    He is 13 years old. 他13岁了。3 表示事实或客观真理，或在谚语中，也用一般现在时。如：   The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day. 太阳每天东升西落。    When there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。4 一般现在时的基本句型1）肯定句： 主语+动词原形+其他 主语（第三人称单数）+ 动词-s+ 其他如：They live in China. 他们住在中国。    He likes eating apples. 他喜欢吃苹果。2）否定句： 主语+dont+ 动词原形+其他           主语（第三人称单数）+doesnt+ 动词原形+其他    如：They dont live in China. 他们不住在中国。        He doesnt like eating apples. 他不喜欢吃苹果。3）一般疑问句： Do+主语+动词原形+其他?                Does+主语（第三人称单数）+ 动词原形+其他？如：Do they live in China?  他们住在中国吗？    Does he like eating apples?  他喜欢吃苹果吗？【相关链接】当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称的单数形式。谓语动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下：1）一般在动词后直接加s。 如：talk talks, live lives。2）以s, x., ch, sh或o结尾的动词在其后加es。如： watch watches, wash washes, go goes。3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i再加es。如： carry carries, fly flies。4）特殊的，如：have的第三人称单数为has。【牵手中考】1. Bob often _his mother with the housework on Sundays  A. help   B. helping   C. helps   D. helped     【解析】 根据题中的时间状语often和on Sundays 可判断该句应用一般现在时态。主语Bob是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词也应为单数加s，故选C。2. What did the teacher say just now?  He said that the earth _ round the sun.   （福州）  A. go   B. goes    C. went    D. will goII. 用所给动词的适当形式填空：  1I _(write) to you as soon as I _(get) to London.  2. He doeant feel well and _(not eat) any food this morning.  3. He _ not _(see) me come in, for he _(read) something with great interest.  9. What _ your mother _(do) at eight yesterday evening? She _(wash) clothes.  15. Will you come if he _ (not come)?  19. I dont know if Mr.Wang _ (go) to Shanghai tomorrow. If he _ (go), I _ (ask) him _ (take) some books to my daughter, because she _ (study) there.  III单项选择：  1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _ tomorrow.  A.dont rain  B. doesnt rain  C. wont rain  2. There _ an English film next week.  A. will have  B. is going to have C. is going to be D. was going to be  5. They _ the office at nine yesterday morning.  A. reached to  B. arrived  C. went  D. get to  6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _ back next week.  A. wil come  B. came  C. would come  D. come  7. Dont smoke until the plane _ off.  A.takes  B.took  C.was taken  D.is take  8. I saw her _ the room this morning.  A.to enter  B. entered  C. enter  D. enters  10. John is always _ others.  A. help  B. helping  C. helps  D. to help  二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。1 一般过去时态场用来表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间状语有：yesterday（昨天）, last night（昨晚）, last week（上个星期）, four days ago（四天前）, in 2002（在2002年）, just now（刚才）, the day before yesterday（前天）。如：    He went to the park yesterday. 她昨天去了公园。（表示过去某个时间发生的动作）    I was ten years old in 2003. 我2003年才10岁。（表示过去某个时间存在的状态）2 表示过去习惯性的动作也用一般过去时。此时常和表示频率的副词：always（总是）， often（经常）, sometimes（有时）等连用。如：    He always went to school early last year. 他去年总是早早上学。3 表达去世的人所做的事往往也用一般过去时。如：    Ying Zheng was the first king in China. 赢政是中国的第一个皇帝。4 一般过去时态的构成1）肯定句：主语+动词的过去式+其他      如：We enjoyed ourselves in the zoo yesterday. 我们昨天在动物园里玩得很高兴。2）否定句：主语+didnt +动词原形+其他如：We didnt enjoy ourselves in the zoo yesterday. 我们昨天在动物园里玩得不高兴。3）一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其他如：Did you enjoy yourselves in the zoo yesterday?  你们昨天在动物园里玩得高兴吗？【相关链接】在一般过去时态中会涉及到动词的过去式，大家要掌握规则动词的过去式的变化规则。变化规则如下：1）一般情况下，在动词原形后直接ed 。如：play played , look looked 。2）以e结尾的动词在其后加d。如：like liked, use used。3）与辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i 再加ed。 如：carry carried, marry - married。4）以重读闭音节（或r音节）结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。如： stop stopped, prefer preferred。当然，刚才提到的都是规则动词的构成，我们还学过许多不规则动词的过去式形式。如：put put, see saw, eat ate等，这些可需要我们在课下牢牢记住哟！【牵手中考】1.What _ to her yesterday evening? A. was happened  B. happened   C. happening   D. happen2. Hi, Kate. You look tired. Whats the matter?   I_ well last night. A. didnt sleep B. dont sleep  C. hasnt slept D. wont sleep 3. When _ you _ your old friends?   The day before yesterday.           A. will; visit B. did; visit C. / ; visit  D. have; visited 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday 10. We all _ (have) a good time last night.  三现在进行时态1 现在进行时表示此时此刻正在发生的事或正在进行的动作。常和时间状语now, at the moment连用。如： They are singing at the moment.  他们正在唱歌。    Li Ming is making a report now. 李明现在正在做报告2 表示现阶段正在发生的动作也用现在进行时来表达，此时常和时间状语these days 连用。如： We are mending the car these days.  这些日子我们一直在修车。3 某些瞬间动词如come, leave, arrive, die 等用现在进行时表示将来，即这个动作将要发生。如：She says she is coming soon.  她说她马上就来。    The match girl is dying.  那个卖火柴的小女孩快要死了。4 现在进行时态的基本句型1）肯定句：主语+am/ is/ are + V-ing + 其他。如：    Nancy is reading a book now.   南茜正在读书。    The twins are playing in their bedroom.  2）否定句：主语+am/ is/ are + not + 其他。如：    Nancy isnt reading a book now.  南茜没有正在读书。    The twins arent playing in their bedroom.  那对双胞胎没有正在卧室里玩3)一般疑问句：Am/ Is/ Are+ 主语+ V-ing + 其他？如：    Is Nancy reading a book now?  南茜正在读书吗？    Are the twins playing in their bedroom?  那对双胞胎正在卧室里玩吗？【相关链接】1 现在分词（即V-ing形式）的构成1）一般在动词的后面直接加-ing 。如：listen listening, look looking .2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing. 如：take taking , make making .3）以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母再加ing。如sit sitting, stop stopping .4）特殊的如：lie lying, die dying 等。2 一般现在时和现在进行时的区别1）一般现在时用以说明客观事实或情况，或用于强调动作的永久性或经常性; 而现在进行时强调动作正在进行，而且这个动作常含有未完成之意。如：   We usually have four classes in the morning. 我上午通常上四节课。   Why cant Lily go with me? 丽丽为什么不能和我们一起去呢？   Because she is doing her homework now. 因为她正在做作业。2）always用于一般现在时用于说明事实，一般不带有感情色彩；而现在进行时与always（即be always doing sth.）连用，常表示说话人的某种感情，如：赞扬，批评，厌烦等。如：    He always works late.他总是工作到很晚。（表示事实）    He is always working late.他总是工作到很晚。（表示赞扬）    He is always talking big.他老爱说大话。（表示厌烦）【牵手中考】1. Look! The boys _ happily in the river. A. swim   B. swam  C. will swim  D. are swimming   2. -Can your brother make a model airplane?   -Yes, this week he _ a new model. A. builds   B. is built   C. had built  D. is building    3. Shall we invite Tom to play football now?   Oh, no. He _ his clothes.  A. is washing   B. washes   C. has washed    二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food  now.  4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .  6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our son doing? She _ (listen ) to music. 9. Its  5  oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三一般现在时和现在进行时练习题( )1. Who _ over there now?  A. singing   B. are sing  C. is singing   D. sing( )2. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class.  A.have   B.having   C.is having D.are having( )3. Listen! The baby _ in the next room.   A. crying  B. cried  C. is crying   D. cries( )4. Look! The twins _ new sweaters.   A. are wearing   B. wearing   C. are wear   D. is wearing( )5. Dont talk here. Grandparents _. A . is sleeping   B. are sleeping   C. sleeping   D. sleep( )6. Tom is a worker. He _ in a factory. His sisters _ in a hospital.   A. work/ work   B. works/ work   C. work/ works( )7. Who _ English best in your class?   A. speak   B. speaks   C. speaking( )8. Mrs Read _ the windows every day.   A. is cleaning   B. clean   C. cleans( )9. We _ music and often _ to music.   A. like/ listen  B. likes/ listens  C. like/ are listening( )10. She _ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets  C. getting( )11. The twins usually _ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _ some coffee for it.   A. have/ have   B. have/ has   C. has/ have四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。过去进行时是表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作。可以从两个方面来理解：1 过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。E.g. They were playing football at ten oclock yesterday morning. My mother was cooking when I got home. I was washing my clothes at this time yesterday. 2 过去某阶段持续进行的动作 What were you doing during the holiday? 另外，在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时e.g. Jenny was reading while Danny was writing. 其结构是助动词be的过去形式was/were +v-ing. 其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。E.g. We were working in class. We werent working in class. Were you working in class? 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 last night, at that time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。 也有时没有时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。E.g. The students all worked hard. Everyone knew what he was working for.做题时常见错误如下： 一、易把be+现在分词记成be+过去分词 例：He was talked (talk) to his mum at that time. 答案：was talking 解析：过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上。 二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词 例：1 I watching (watch) TV when he came in. 2 They were play (play) games at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. 答案：1 was watching 2 were playing 解析：现在进行时中“be+现在分词,缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时。三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing例：We were flying kites at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. (对划线部分提问) What were you at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?答案：What were you doing at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?解析：现在进行时中“Whatdoing”?句式同样适用于过去进行时。四、易与现在进行时弄混例：My mother is cooking (cook)when I got home.答案：was cooking 解析：这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行，但现在进行时前提是现在，而过去进行时前提是过去，由when I got home可看出前提是过去。五、易与一般过去时弄混例：昨晚我在读一本故事书。 I read (read) a story book yesterday evening.答案：was reading 解析：这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。但过去进行时强调动作正在进行，而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，它表示的动作往往已经完成。“在”说明正在进行，而“I read a story book yesterday evening.”的意思是昨晚我读了一本故事书，言下之意已经读完了。故用过去进行时。 另外，在宾语从句中当主句为过去时，从句若是现在进行时，需变成过去进行时。 e.g. He said that he was drawing a cat at noon yesterday.专项训练：一 、单选1 What _ from three to four yesterday afternoon?A have you done B had you done C did you do D were you doing2 I call you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. - Oh., Im sorry I _ dinner at my friends home.A home B had C was having D have had3 My mother _ while my father _TV.A cooked; was watching B was cooking; was watching C was cooked; watched D cooked; watched4 When I got home, my son _ the music.A am listening to B listened to C was listening to D was listening5 We heard a cry when we _ TV last night.A were watching B would watch C watch D watched6 She asked him whether he _ back for lunch.A come B was coming C came D had come7 Could you tell me when _?A she is coming B she was coming C will be come D is he coming8 The teacher _ when I came into the classroom.A is drawing B draws C has drawn D was drawing 二 、填空1 _ they_ (feed) the animals at 5:00 yesterday afternoon?2 Mrs. Green _ _ (not wash) clothes at this time yesterday.3 Grandpa _ _ (mend) his clock when I reached home. 4 As I _ (walk) in the park, I saw some children playing games.专心-专注-专业