高中英语选修八unit1单词导学案(共4页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上B8-U1 词汇学习1. distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著There is a fine distinction between the two words. We should make a distinction between right and wrong.  Employers should hire men and women without distinction. Michael graduated with distinction from Hami senior high school. distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的 be distinct in .from . 在某方面与不同Shakespeare在写作风格上与鲁迅截然不同 2. live on ,； ； 1. She lived on for many years after her husband died. 2. These traditions will live on for centuries. 3. The people find it hard to live on. 民不聊生. 短语归纳 live短语：live on sth 以某物为食,靠某种经济来源生活 live by doing sth 靠做某事物为生live a. life 过着的生活 3. means n手段；方法 (单复数同形)Every possible means has been tried，but none worked.All possible means have been tried，but none worked.各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。专心-专注-专业by this means by means of by all means by every means by no means by any mean (1)by means of 借用，依靠We express our feelings by means of words. (2)by no meansnot at all一点也不By no means am I satisfied with my present job. (3)by this means通过这种方式You can do it by this means. (4)by all means 可以，当然行，务必May I use your bicycle? By all means！ 练习：1But by no means _ with my progress.（老师绝不会对我的进步满意）2The police looked into the case carefully and found the thief had entered the house _ a ladder.3She couldnt speak，but made her wishes known _ sign.4. Do you think we should put an ad in the paper for the lost child?Yes，_.4. in additionadv. 另外； 除此之外； 并且； 况且 位于两个句子中间，放在从句的句首，后面接完整的句子。许多词可以和它替换，如：additionally，furthermore，besides。 In addition位于句末，相当于 “as well” （1）You need money and time, in addition, you need diligence. （2）Mary gave us sandwiches for our picnic and a bag of cookies in addition.玛丽为我们去郊游准备了三明治，另外还准备了一袋曲奇。In addition to整个词组相当于一个介词，所以to的后面要接名词性成分做宾语。 In addition to native plants, this garden contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas. 除了当地的植物之外，这座花园还有无数来自海外的花草树木。In addition to the killed and wounded, many were missing. 除了伤亡之外，还有许多人失踪。 5. majority n大多数；大半 (反义词minority少数；少数民族) major adj.&n. 较大的，主要的；主修，专攻 be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数 A / The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health. The majority of students find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they get. (1)单独用做主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.大多数人支持禁烟。The majority were/was against the plan.大多数人反对这个计划。(2)单独用做主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students. The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 6. keep up坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等；使某人不能去睡觉短语归纳 keep短语：keep up with sb/sth. keep (on) doing sth. keep away from keep sb back from sb/sth keep sth. back keep oneself/sb from sth/doing sth keep sth from sb keep off (sb/sth) keep sb/sth out (of sth) keep in touch with keep fit 7. make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等come to life live/lead a.life come back to life bring.back to life make/start a new life make a living by Some people from the country find it hard to in big cities.一些来自农村的人发现很难习惯大城市的生活。They moved out West to there.他们迁往西部去开始新生活。And anyway he was dead. Nobody could   him  . 总之，他已经死了。没有人能使他复活。The old couple selling vegetables.这对老夫妇靠卖菜维持生活。8.despite prep.尽管；不管 n.憎恨；轻视Despite old age, she is still learning to drive. 尽管年事已高,她还在学开车。 Despite all our efforts we still lost the game. 尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛。 Despite用作介词时，与 in spite of同义，都表示“尽管”、“虽然”、“不顾”之意，但程度有所不同。一般说来，in spite of的语气较强，使用范围也较广； despite的语气较弱，多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。Despite 与(al)though都有“尽管”的意思，despite是介词，后接名词或代词；而although=though是连词，后接表示让步的状语从句。例如：I think he is sad, despite his smiles.   We went for a walk although/though it was raining.  Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning. 9. occur vi. A. 存在B. 发生C. 被想到(1)Earthquakes occur frequently in this area. (2)It didn't occur to him that she would refuse his invitation. (3)Do giraffes occur in Africa only? sth. occurs to sb. 某人想起某事It occurs to sb. that 某人想起It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想起做某事表示“某人突然想起”的其他句型：sth. strikes sb. It strikes sb. that It crosses sb.'s mind that sth. comes to sb.It suddenly to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter. An accident did, however, _ at the street corner last night.10 indicatevt. 指出, 指明，表明；象征；指示, 显示, 暗示，预示；1. I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite. 2. The clouds indicate the coming of rain. 3. His hesitation indicates unwillingness. indication n. 指出/示；表明/示；迹象indicative adj.指示的；暗示的 indicate sth. (to sb.)向（某人）表示某事；把指给（某人）看indicate that .表示；示意11 apparent adj. A. 显然的B. 表面上的apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地同义词：obvious (1)The apparent truth was really a lie. (2)It is apparent that iron is different from steel. (3)It is apparent (显然的) from scientific studies that the drug produces severe side effects.It is apparent that 显然It is apparent from sth that从某事物上明显看出It is apparent to sb that 某人明白.12. mark out 划线; 标出界线1. Please mark out the mistakes I made in my composition. 2. Please mark out the sentences that you don t understand with a red pen. mark sb. out for sth. 选出/选定某人做某事mark down 写下，记下；降低的价格mark up 标出；提高的价格mark in 加画；绘入mark out for 看中；选定13. take in(1) This is the total cost of the holiday，taking everything in.(2) She was homeless so we took her in.(3) She took me in completely with her story.(4) Take in a deep breath.(5) I hope youre taking in what Im saying.14. a great/good many许多；很多(修饰可数名词)我认识她好多年了。 那些花多数是白色的。 a good/great many后接复数名词，但a good/great many后接of时，必须加限定词，如these/those/the/ones等，然后再加名词复数。A great many of us dont like speaking English in class. 我们当中许多人不喜欢在课堂上讲英语。15. apply for申请，请求1. apply for. 申请apply tofor向.申请 她应聘英语教师的工作。 We had to apply to the government for financial help. 2. apply to. 适用（合） applyto 把运用到What you said doesnt apply to me. 3.apply oneself to (doing) sth.专注于；专心做某事他专心学英语。 16. However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.本句式中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。It is likely that.是可能的，此句型可转化为：sb./sth.be likely to do.某人/物可能干某事。Shes very likely to ring me tonight.Its likely that she will ring me tonight.It is likely/that the weather will be fine.The weather is likely to be fine.17. (1)Thats why.这就是为什么(why从句表示结果)(2)Thats because.这是因为(because从句表示原因)(3)The reason why.is/was that.的原因是(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because ）Tom came late for the meeting. That was he was ill.Tom was ill. That was he came late for the meeting.The reason Tom came late for the meeting he was ill.Is this the reason _ she explained in the report for her success in the job?The reason _ death was feared was _ no man could experience it twice.