2022年反义疑问句的用法 .pdf
学习好资料欢迎下载反义疑问句 (The Disjunctive Question) 即附加疑问句。 它表示提问人的看法,没有把握 ,需要对方证实。反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。1陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式可记为前肯后否2陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式可记为前否后肯They work hard, dont they?编辑本段主语一般词语:附加疑问句中主语用和主句一致的主语,用主格。附加疑问句随从句。不定代词当陈述部分的主语是(1)用 one 时,后面的疑问句可用one/he. (2)everything, anything, nothing, something时,附加疑问句中主语用it 不用they (3)this, that, 或 those, these时,附加疑问句中主语用it 和 they. (4)everyone ,everybody ,someone ,somebody 等,附加疑问句中主语一般用he/they. (5)不定式,动名词,其他短语,附加疑问句中主语一般用it。(6)在 there be 句型中,附加疑问句中主语一般用be/情态动词 /助动词 +there 。编辑本段特殊句型否定意义的词否定意义的词(1)当陈述部分有never ,seldom, hardly,few,little ,barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定意义的词时,后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式:There are few apples in the basket, are there? He can hardly swim, can he? They seldom come late, do they? (2)当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy, dislike, unfriendly等含有否定词缀的派生词,也就是有un- 前缀、 -less 后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词,当做肯定句处理,疑问部分要用否定形式。如:He looks unhappy, doesnt he? 他看上去不高兴,不是吗?The girl dislikes history, doesnt she?这女孩不喜欢历史,不是吗?有 less, fewer等词视为肯定词,疑问部分用否定形式。如:There will be less pollution, wont there? 表示主语主观意愿的词:含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时,视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。(1.)当主句的主语为第一人称时,其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如:I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you? 值得注意的是, 当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时,其仍属否定句, 故其后的简短问句应用肯定式,而非否定式。例如:精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载I dont believe that he can translate this book, can he? We dont imagine the twins have arrived, have they? 此类句子的回答同前否后肯 型反意疑问句一样,如上述后一个句子,若双胞胎已经到了,则回答为 Yes, they have.;若尚未到达,使用No, they havent.。(2).当主句的主语为第二、三人称时,其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致(此时,否定只看主句, 与从句无关 .) 。例如:Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engineer, do they? She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she? (3)但如果主句的时态是过去时等等,疑问句应和主句的人称时态保持一致。had better或 have 陈述部分有had better, 或其中的have 表示完成时态时,疑问句应用hadnt等开头:Youd better get up early, hadnt you? 其他情况句中有have 时疑问句应用dont 等开头如 have 表示 “ 有 ” 的时候,有两种形式:( have 表示有可用 do 或 have 来改写)-He has two sisters, doesnt he? =He has two sisters, hasnt he? He doesnt have any sisters, does he? 祈使句当陈述部分是祈使句时,疑问句要根据语气来表达,分三种情况:1)一般情况下用will you 或 wont you 。e.g. Give me a hand, will you? Leave all the things as they are, wont you? 2)以 Lets 开头的祈使句, 疑问句用 shall we; 以 Let us 或 Let me 开头的祈使句, 问句用 will you。e.g. Lets go out for a walk, shall we? Let us go out for a walk, will you? Let me help you, will you? 3)当陈述句是否定的祈使句时,问句可用will you 或 can you 。e.g. Dont make much noise, will/can you? There be 句型There be 句型中,反义疑问部分必须为be 动词 + there There are some apples in the basket, arent there? There isnt any milk left, is there? must 当陈述部分有情态动词must ,问句有 4 种情况:(1)mustnt 表示“ 禁止,不可,不必” 时,附加问句通常要用must. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载You mustnt stop your car here, must you? 你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?(2)must 表示 “ 有必要 ” 时,附加问句通常要用neednt. They must finish the work today, neednt they? 他们今天要完成这项工作,是吗?(3)当 must 用来表示对现在的情况进行推测时,问句通常要根据must 后面的动词采用相应的形式。He must be good at English, isnt he? 他英语一定学得很好,是吗?(4)当 must +have done表示对过去的情况进行推测(一般句中有明确的过去时间状语),问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didnt+ 主语” 或“wasnt/werent+ 主语 ” ;如果强调动作的完成(一般没有明确的过去时间状语),问句要用“havent/hasnt+主语 ” 。She must have read the novel last week, didnt she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说,是吗?You must have told her about it, havent you? 你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?反意疑问句的回答用yes , no , 但是 ,回答翻译相反,回答要按事实。如:(1)They work hard,dont they?他们努力工作,不是吗?Yes, they do. 不,他们工作不努力。 /No, they dont.对,他们工作努力(2)They dont work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作,是吗?Yes, they do. 不,他们工作努力。/No, they dont. 对,他们工作不努力肯定反义疑问句的回答当陈述部分为否定式,反意疑问句为肯定式时,其回答往往与汉语不一致,需特别引起注意:It isnt cheap, is it? Yes, it is. “它不便宜吧? ”“不,很便宜。” He doesn t love her, does he? No, he doesnt. “他不爱她,是吗?”“是的,他不爱她。” 此时, Yes 即不,对前面 It isnt cheap. 的否定。否定反意疑问句的回答当陈述部分为肯定式,反义疑问句为否定式时,其回答一般不会造成困难,一般只需照情况回答即可:It s new, isnt it? Yes, it is. “是新的,对吗?”“对,是新的。” He wants to go, doesnt he? No, he doesnt. “他想去,对吗?”“不,他不想去。” 此时,Yes 即是,对前面 Its new. 的肯定。回答反意疑问句的原则回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定,如有人问你You are asleep, arent you? 你应回答 No, I m not. 因为既然你能回答,肯定你还没有asleep 。但如果别人问你You aren t asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着,对吗),你也只能回答No, I m not.(是的,还没有睡着),而不能回答为Yes, I m not. 也不能回答成Yes, I am. “It is a beautiful flower , isnt it ?”“It isnt a beautiful flower , is it?” 上述两句句子的回答肯定均为“Yes , it is. 否定为 “No ,it isnt. 由上述例子可知,反义疑问句回答与句子本身所包含的中文肯定与否的含义并无太大关联,只需注意事实,肯定即用yes,否定用 no,无需考虑句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载快速记忆表陈述部分的谓语疑问部分I arent I/are I no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词肯定含义ought to (肯定的)shouldnt/ oughtnt +主语have to+v.(had to+v.) dont +主语 (didnt + 主语 ) used todidnt + 主语或usednt + 主语had better + v.hadnt you would rather + v. wouldnt +主语youd like to + v. wouldnt +主语must 根据实际情况而定感叹句be + 主语指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this主语用 it 并列复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定定语从句 ,宾语从句主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导与宾语从句相对应的从句everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one 复数 they, 单数 he 情态动词 dare 或 need need/neednt (dare/darent ) +主语dare, need 为实义动词do/dont + 主语省去主语的祈使句will/wont you?Lets 开头的祈使句Shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句Will you? there be相应的谓语动词+there( 省略主语代词)否定前缀不能视为否定词仍用否定形式精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - - 文档编码:KDHSIBDSUFVBSUDHSIDHSIBF-SDSD587FCDCVDCJUH 欢迎下载 精美文档欢迎下载 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -