2022年不规则动词过去式和过去分词动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳 .pdf

不规则动词过去式和过去分词、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳（一）、不规则动词过去式和过去分词动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学中的重点，而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点，但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规律可循的。现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下。一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t 或 d。如：cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread 特殊：动词read 的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read ，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red 。二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如：come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome 三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如：1. 把单词结尾的字母d 改为 t。如：lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent 2. 改变单词中间元音字母。如：sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held 3. 以 eep 结尾的动词，把eep 改为 ept。如：keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept 4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh 或 ough 结尾的动词。如：buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught 5. 有的以 ay 结尾的动词，在过去式和过去分词中把ay 变成 aid。如：say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid 6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如：have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt 四、有些动词原形中含有字母i，在过去式中变i 为 a，在过去分词中变i 为 u。如：五、以字母 ow 或 aw 结尾的动词，在变成过去式时，通常把元音字母变成e，在变成过去分词时，通常只在词尾加n。如：blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known 六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n 或 en，变成以 en 结尾的单词。如：rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten 特殊：write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden, get-got-gotten （二）、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1) 规则变化情况例词读音与说明动词原形过去式过去分词一般在动词原形后加-ed look call open need looked called opened needed looked lukt called kC:ld opened 5EupEnd needed ni:did -ed 在清辅音音素后发音为t，在浊辅音后发音为d，在元音后发音也为d -ed 在t、d后发音为 id 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 但 fix 的过去式和过去分词x 不双写，为 fixed. 以-e 结尾的动词加 -d move phone hope agree moved phoned hoped agreed moved mu:vd phoned fEund hoped hEupt agreed E5ri:d 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词，变y 为 i，再加 -ed study carry try studied studied carried studied 5stQdid carried 5kArid tried traid 以原音字母加y 结尾的词，直接加-ed play enjoy stay played enjoyed stayed played pleid enjoyed in5dVCid stayed steid 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop plan fit stopped planned fitted stopped stCpt planned plAnd fitted 5fitid 以-r 音节结尾的词，双写r 字母，再加 -ed prefer refer preferred referred preferred prIf:d referred ri5fE: 2) 不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。1动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。例：原形过去式过去分词cut（切）hit（打）cast（扔）hurt （伤害）put（放）let（让）shut（关）cost（花费）set（放）rid（清除）cut hit cast hurt 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - put let shut cost set rid cut hit cast hurt put let shut cost set rid 2过去式与过去分词完全同形。例：原形过去式过去分词find （找到）pay（支付）leave（离开）lend（借出）meet （遇见）keep （保持）lose（丢失）teach （教）sit（坐）lead（引导）win（赢）除）found paid left lent met kept lost taught sat led won found paid left lent met kept lost taught sat led won 3动词原形与过去分词同形例：原形过去式过去分词come （来）run（跑）精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - become （成为）came ran became come run become 4动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。例：原形过去式过去分词give（给）fly（飞）drink （喝）see （看见）go（去）know（知道）wear （穿）speak （说）gave flew drank saw went knew wore spoke given flown drunk seen gone known worn spoken 5过去式和过去分词有两种形式例：原形过去式过去分词burn（燃烧）burned burnt burned burnt learn （学习）learned learnt learned learnt smell（闻）smelled smelt smelled smelt spell （拼写）spelled spelt spelled spelt shine （照射）shined shone shined shone leap （跳）leaped leapt leaped leapt 提示a. beat 的过去式与原形同形：比：beat（打击）beat（过去式）beaten （过去分词）b. lie 有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同比：lie lied, lied （说谎）精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - lay, lain （躺，位于）c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同比：hang hanged, hanged（处绞刑）hung, hung( 挂，吊 ) d. welcome （欢迎） 一词是规则动词， 不可误用为不规则动词比：welcome welcomed, welcomed（正）welcome, welcome（误）e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词比：hit（打）hit, hit （正）hitted, hitted （误）6 现在分词的变化规则规则动词原形现在分词及发音一般在动词原形词尾加-ing ，-ing 发音为iN go push play carry going 5EuiN pushing 5puFiN playing pleiiN carrying 5kAriiN 以不发音的e 结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加-ing take write leave taking 5teikiN writing 5raitiN leaving 5li:viN 重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果词尾只有一个辅音字母，要将该末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop stop fit begin forget cutting 5kQtiN stopping 5stCpiN fitting 5fitiN beginning bi5iniNforgetting fE5etiN 以 ie 结尾的动词，要把ie 改为 y，再加 -ing lie die tie lying 5laiiN dying 5daiiN tying 5taiiN （三）、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同. cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut put-put-put let-let-let set-set-set hit-hit-hit shut-shut-shut hurt-hurt-hurt read-read-read 读音 /e/ lie-lied-lied 说谎lay-laid-laid 放置，下蛋lay- lain 躺下，位于，平放eg. The hens dont _eggs during such cold weather. She _ her books on the table. _ 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是:tbright-brought-brought think-thought-thought buy-bought-bought catch-caught-caught teach - taught -taught 2. 动词原形中的e 为 o，变成过去式和过去分词。get-got-got sell-sold-sold tell-told-told 3. 动词原形中i 为 a, sit-sat-sat spit-spat-spat 4. 动词原形中i 为 o, win-won-won shine-shone/ shined-shone / shined 5. 动词原形中 an 为 oo, stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood 6. 动词原形中的ay 为 ai, say-said-said pay-paid-paid 7. a ）动词原形中的d 为 t, send-sent-sent lend-lent-lent spend-spent-spent build-built-built b ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , smell -smelt-smelt lose-lost-lost c ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant 读音/e/ d ) 动词原形中的ee 去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母 e 发音 /e/ feel-felt-felt sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept keep- kept- kept 其它 meet-met-met have-had-had hold-held-held make-made-made dig-dug-dug hear-heard-heard find-found-found hang-hung-hung C.原型与过去分词相同come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-become D. 原形，过去式，和过去分词完全不同1. 把动词原形中i 改为 a 变成过去式，改成u 变成过去分词begin - began -begun drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rung 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - swim-swam-swum sing-sang-sung 2. 把动词原形中o 改为 e 变成过去式，在原形词尾加n 变成过去分词blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown know-knew-known throw - threw - thrown fly -flew /flu:/ -flown ( 和以上相似 ) 3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en 结尾，故把它们分为一类a ) 把动词原形中i 改为 o 变成过去式，在词尾加n 变成过去分词drive-drove-driven rise-rose-risen write-wrote-written (双写 t ) ride-rode-ridden (双写 d ) b ) 把动词原形中ea 改为 o, 在词尾加 e 变成过去式，在过去式后加n 变成过去分词speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen break-broke-broken c ) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o 变成过去式 , 在过去式后加n 变成过去分词wake-woke-woken freeze-froze-frozen choose-chose-chosen forget-forgot-forgotten （双写 t，加 en ）d) 其它过去分词以en 结尾的动词eat-ate-eaten beat- beat - beaten fall-fell-fallen give-gave-given see-saw-seen take-took-taken mistake- mistook- mistaken hide-hid-hidden （双写 d ）E. 没有过去分词的动词can - could may- might shall- should will - would 其它am, is - was- been are-were- been do-did- done draw-drew- drawn :go-went- gone show-showed-shown wear- wore - worn 不规则动词的过去式（初二）不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点，也是一个难点。 同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律，总结如下：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 1. 把动词原形中的o 改为 a，变成过去式。过去分词不变如：become became, come came 2把动词原形中的i 改为 a，变成过去式。如：begin began ，drink drank ，give gave ，ring rang ，sing sang ，sitsat，swimswam ，sinksank ，3把重读开音节中的i 改为 o，变成过去式。如：drive drove ，riderode，shine shone ，winwon，write wrote 4动词原形中的e 改为 o，变成过去式。如：getgot，forget forgot 5动词原形中的eep 改为 ept，变成过去式。如：keep kept ，sleep slept ，sweep swept 6. 动词原形中的an 改为 oo，变成过去式。如：stand stood ，understand understood 7改动词原形中的aw ow 为 ew，变成过去式。如：draw drew ，grow grew ，know knew ，throw threw （动词 show 除外， show showed ）8动词原形中的eak 改为 oke，变成过去式。如：break broke ，speak spoke 9动词原形中的ell 改为 old，变成过去式。如：sellsold，telltold 10以 ought 和 aught 结尾，且读音是:t的过去式。如：bring brought ，buybought ，think thought ，catch caught ，teach taught 11以 ould 结尾且读音为 ud的情态动词过去式。如：can could ，shallshould ，willwould 12在动词原形后加d 或 t 变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：hearhi heard h :d ， sayseisaid sed ，mean mi:nmeant ment ， dream dreamt dremt 13动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：cutcut, hit hit, hurt hurt, let let，must must ，putput，read read red， setset 14. 动词的过去式有两种形式。如：dream dreamed/ dreamt learn learnt/ learned shineshone/ shined smellsmelt/ smelled wake woke/ waked 15不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：am，iswas，arewere ，build built ，dodid，eatate，fallfell，feel felt，findfound ，flyflew ，gowent ，have has had ，hidehid，holdheld，laylaid，leave left，lielay，lose lost，make made ，maymight ，runran，seesaw， smellsmelt ，taketook ，wake woke ，wear wore 经过这么一指点， 初二上册所学的这些知识就一目了然了，相信大家很快就能把它们记下来，并且一定会有事半功倍的效果。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 文档编码：KDHSIBDSUFVBSUDHSIDHSIBF-SDSD587FCDCVDCJUH 欢迎下载 精美文档欢迎下载 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - -