英语动词时态语态课件.ppt

English Basic Tenses (时态时态)他他每天每天都来。都来。他他昨天昨天来了来了. 他他已经已经来了来了.他他明天明天来来. 汉语借助汉语借助词汇手段词汇手段而非词的形态变化来而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过而英语主要通过谓语动词谓语动词时态变化时态变化来表现来表现.任何句子都要先注意任何句子都要先注意时态时态.He came yesterday.He has come.He will come tomorrow.He comes every day. 语态语态时态时态主动主动一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时.过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时v. / v-s/esV-edwill + vwould + v.had + donehave / has + donehave/has been+ V-ingam /is / are + V-ingwas / were + V-ing 语态语态时态时态主动主动将来进行时将来进行时will be doing将来完成时将来完成时will have done导入之一：导入之一：How is your daily life as a high school student?( using 3 sentences or more,使用实意动词使用实意动词 和系动词和系动词, 注意动词形式变化注意动词形式变化) 2. 用法用法: 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如率的时间状语连用，如often, usually, always, every day/year, sometimes, on Sunday等。等。2)表示不受时间限制的表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理科学事实或客观真理。The earth moves around the sun.I study hard every day and I get along well with my classmates, but sometimes I miss my families.一、一、 一般现在时一般现在时 (The Simple Present tense )1. 结构结构: do/does3 3）汽车、飞机、会议等按）汽车、飞机、会议等按时刻表时刻表将要发生的事。将要发生的事。 The train leaves at three this afternoon. The meeting starts at 2:00 p.m.4 4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时般现在时代替一般将来时, ,即即主将从现主将从现。 If it _ (be) fine tomorrow ,we _ (go) to the countryside. If he _ (come) this afternoon，we_ (have) a meeting. iswill gocomeswill haveExample: I _ (spend) my childhood happily with my old friends. We always _(play) football and basketball together and we _ (not) have so much homework to do as now. We _ (be) happy at that time. spentplayed didntwere导入之二：导入之二：How did you spend your childhood?二、一般过去时二、一般过去时 ( The Simple Past Tense )1. 结构结构: 谓动用动词过去式谓动用动词过去式 (V-ed)2. 用法用法: 在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。在的状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如语连用。如 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982等。等。examples: He was in Beijing some years ago. She traveled in Europe last year. When I was at collage, I wrote home once a week. He wet to town ,bought some books and visited his daughter last Sunday. He said he would go for a holiday when hefinished his work.犹如 picture导入之三：导入之三：How will you spend your winter holiday? I will Im going to三三. 一般将来时. .表示将来时的四种形式表示将来时的四种形式 will / shall + will / shall + 动词原形动词原形 be going to do be going to do be about to do be about to do be to do be to do be going to 有很强的有很强的计划性计划性，打算干什么，而，打算干什么，而will表表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性临时性和偶然性。 -The telephone is ringing. -I _ answer it.A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did be going to 可用来表达可用来表达某种迹象要发生某种迹象要发生的事。的事。 而而will 不能表示不能表示 Look at the clouds! It _ rain.is going to3. be to 表示因约定、计划，职责、义务表示因约定、计划，职责、义务要求即将发生的动作要求即将发生的动作, 或或客观客观安排或受安排或受人指示而做某事。人指示而做某事。 be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.4 4be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”，1)1)表示即将发生的动作，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时不与表示将来的时间状语连用间状语连用。2)2)常与常与when when 连用，连用，when when 此时意思：此时意思： 就在这就在这时，是并列连词时，是并列连词. . 构成句型：构成句型： be about to do when. Eg: I was about to leave when it rained. 四四.过去将来时过去将来时(The past future simple Tense)1. 用法用法: 过去将来时表示过去将来时表示立足于过去立足于过去某一某一时间时间看将要发生的动作看将要发生的动作或存在的状态或存在的状态, 常常用于宾语从句中用于宾语从句中.2. 结构结构: 1) should / would + 动词原形动词原形The boy promised he would work hard.I told my parents I should return early.导入之五：导入之五：What are they doing now? They are playing basketball.五五. . 现在进行时现在进行时 1表示表示说话时正在进行说话时正在进行而而尚未完成尚未完成的动作或状态的动作或状态 I dont really work here. Im helping until the new secretary comes. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly. A. will have changed B. has changed C. is changing D. will changebe (am, are, is)+ doing2.与与always，constantly(不断地；时常地不断地；时常地)等连用，等连用，表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。如：表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。如： 他总是帮助别人。他总是帮助别人。 He is always helping others.六六. 过去进行时过去进行时(The Past Continuous Tense)1. 结构：结构：was/ were + doing2. 用法用法:表示表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态作或状态。常用的时间状语常用的时间状语at ten yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while, at that timeI first met Lisa three years ago . She _ at a radio shop at the time.A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked3. 与与always，forever，constantly连用，连用，表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。如：表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。如：他总是考虑别人，从未考虑自己。他总是考虑别人，从未考虑自己。He was always thinking of others，never thinking of himself.My brother was always losing his key.七七. 现在完成时现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense) 1. 结构结构: have (has) + done2.用法用法: 1). 现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态续到现在的动作或状态, 通常用于延续性动词通常用于延续性动词. 常常与表示延续性的时间状语连用与表示延续性的时间状语连用, 如如: so far, up to now, recently, since, for , over time等等 I have lived in Zhuhai for 3 years.He has lived here since last summer.时间线时间线现在现在过去过去lived延续到现在延续到现在:has lived last summer since1.-When did he go to America? -Oh, he _ there since half a year ago. A. went B. has been C. has gone D. was2.Shelly _ California for Texas and _ there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Mexico. A. left, worked B. has left, had worked C. left, has worked D. has left , worked比较一般过去时与现在完成时比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1). 一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态的状态, 不涉及对现在的影响不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成时表；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在一直延续到现在, 或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。 My family lived in Zhuhai 10 years ago. （现在不在珠海了（现在不在珠海了) My family have lived in Zhuhai for 10 years. (目前还在珠海目前还在珠海) 2). 过去时常过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与而现在完成时通常与不确定的不确定的或或包括现在在内包括现在在内的的时间状语连用，或无时间状语时间状语连用，或无时间状语. I _ (study) in Zhongshan university in 2000.I _ (study) in Zhongshan university since 2000. I _ just _ (buy) an apartment. (just表示不确定的时间状语表示不确定的时间状语）studiedhave studiedhavebought八八.过去完成时过去完成时 (The past perfect Tense)1. 结构结构: had + done2. 概念：表示过去的过去概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-过去的过去过去的过去 过去现在将来过去现在将来 导入之八：You graduated (毕业毕业) from Junior Middle School in July 2013. You had stayed there for 3 years when you graduated.By the end of last term we had learnt 20 units.现在现在过去过去过去的过去过去的过去the end of last termhad learnt时间线时间线用法用法(1) 表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用动作或状态。句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导的时间状语。如：等词引导的时间状语。如： 2.表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算(“本本想想”; “本来打算本来打算”)。 I had hoped to see more of ShangHai. I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. I had thought you would come tomorrow. 1).When the police arrived, the thieves _(run away).2).When I came into the classroom, my dear students _ (begin) reading. He walked in as if he _ (buy) the school .had run awayhad run awayhad run awayhad begunhad bought 3. I _ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 4. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come cc导入之九：导入之九：-How long have you been studying in this school? -Almost three months.九、现在完成进行时九、现在完成进行时 主语主语 + has / have + been +doing.表示过去某一时间发生表示过去某一时间发生一直持续到现在一直持续到现在还会还会继续继续下去的动作（动作未完成），动词下去的动作（动作未完成），动词必须用必须用延续性延续性动词动词。 He has been working here for three years. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has been rising steadily since 1990. - Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work? - Yes, that why I _to work by train. A. have been going B. have gone C. was going D. will have gone 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别 现在完成时现在完成时:表到现在为止表到现在为止已经完成已经完成，或过去发，或过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示延续性；延续性； 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时: 往往强调往往强调仍将继续仍将继续下去的动作。下去的动作。 I have written a letter. （已完成）（已完成） I have been writing a letter.（未完成）（未完成）过去过去现在现在时间线时间线have writtenhave been writing 10 将来进行时（将来进行时（will be doing） 表将来某一时刻，某一段时间正在进行的表将来某一时刻，某一段时间正在进行的动作。动作。 I will be sleeping at this time tomorrow. 11将来完成时（将来完成时（will have done）表将来某一时间已经做完某事表将来某一时间已经做完某事We will have learnt 1000 words by the end of this term.最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在一般现在时时现在进行现在进行时时现在完成现在完成时时现在完成现在完成进行时进行时often, always, usually, sometimes, on Sunday, every , at weekends, once in a while, three times a day(right) now, at this moment, at present, for the time being, this year, always, for, since, so far, in/over/during the past/ last few years, lately, recently, just, up to now, up till now, already, yet, ever, never, twice, three times, before, all the time, all this morning, for, since, in the past few years, 最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般过去一般过去时时过去进行过去进行时时过去完成过去完成时时过去将来过去将来时时yesterday, last, the day before yesterday, ago, in 2000, in the past, the other day, just now, once upon a time, at 10 last night, then, this morning, at that time/ moment, this time yesterday, last year, always, by+过去时间，过去时间，by then, by the end of + 过去时间，过去时间，by the time you did sth,.最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般将来时一般将来时将来进行时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成时tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in 2020, in a few years, in future, in the future, soon, next, another day, at 10 tomorrow, then, this time tomorrow, next year, by +将来时间将来时间, by then, by the end of + 将来时间将来时间, by the time you do sth, Exercises1. I usually _ up at 6:00, but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30. (get)2. Listen! Someone _ (knock) at the door.3. I _ (be) in Beijing for two years.4. How often _ Andy _ (surf) the internet?5. He fell asleep while he _ (read) a book.getwill getgotis knocking have been doessurfwas reading6. I _ never _ (hear) of that man before.7. My brother often _ (go) for walks last summer.8. Lily said she _ (put) on the new dress the next day.9. _ the story _ (happen) in London in 1949?10. What _ his mother _ (do) when he opened the door?haveheardwentwould putDid happenwasdoing11. If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, they _ (go) fishing. 12. _ your mother _ the piano every Sunday?13. They _ (not) call you the day after tomorrow.14. Tom _ (work) there since two years ago.15. By the time I _ (walk) into the classroom, the teacher _ (start) teaching. doesnt rainwill go Does has workedwont walkedhad startedplay Jenny Jenny _ (be) a foreign girl. She _ (come) from the United States. Look, she _ (draw) pictures in the living room. Two years ago, her parents _ (move) to China. Jenny _ (not have) any friends, so she _ (feel) lonely. But now, she _ (have) many Chinese friends and _ (study) with them everyday. Jenny _ (visit) her grandparents in the United States next month.iscomesis drawingmoveddidnt havefelthasstudieswill visitOne good turn deserves another I _ (have) dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony _ (work) in a lawyers office years ago, but he _ (work) at a bank now. He _ (get) a good salary, but he always _ (borrow) money from his friends and never _ (pay) it back. Tony _ (see) me and _ (come) and _ (sit) at the same table. He _ never _ (borrow) money from me. While he _ (eat), I _ (ask) him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he _ (give) me the money immediately. I have never borrowed any money from you, Tony said, so now you can pay for my dinner! was havingworkedis workingaskedsawcamehassatgavewas eatingborrowsgetspaysborrowed 动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的发出者为主动语态； 主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。动词谓语部分结构：动词谓语部分结构：be + v.pp时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时do/does现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are doing现在完成时现在完成时have/has done一般过去时一般过去时did过去进行时过去进行时was/were doing过去完成时过去完成时had done一般将来时一般将来时will do将来完成时将来完成时will have doneam/is/are doneam/is/are being donehave/has been donewas/were donewas/were being donehad been donewill be donewill have been done类别类别构成形式构成形式例句例句时时态态 一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are+doneEnglish is widely used in the world.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+doneWe were asked to help them.一般将来时一般将来时will/shall+be doneA class meeting will be held next Monday.过去将来时过去将来时 should/would+be doneShe said those flowers should be watered.现在进行时现在进行时is/am/are+being doneThe blackboard is being painted now.过去进行时过去进行时was/were+being doneThose flowers were being watered when I left.现在完成时现在完成时have/has+been doneAll these flowers have been watered.过去完成时过去完成时had+been doneThe building had been completed before I arrived. 主动形式表被动意义主动形式表被动意义 The steel feels cold. His plan proved (to be) practical. The yogurt in the fridge _ (已经变已经变质）质）. has gone bad1. 连系动词连系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep + adj. 构成系表结构构成系表结构,主动表被动。主动表被动。2. 表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如:begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等等主动表被动。主动表被动。Work began at 7 oclock this morning. The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 3. need / want / require doing, be worth doing, be to blame主动表被动。主动表被动。 The equipment in the corner _ (需要修理需要修理).requires repairingAI feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamedD. should blameWho do you think _ for the failure of their marriage?A. to blame B. to be blame C. is to blame D. is to be blamed C Nylon cleans easily. This material has worn thin. Your pen writes smoothly. The recorder wont play. (这种布耐洗。这种布耐洗。) (他的书他的书没有销路。没有销路。) The cloth washes well. His book does not sell. 4. 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如如read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink.这类动词一般不单独使用这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。常有一个修饰语。Murtiple choice 1. This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year. A. was named B. named C. is named D. namesA2. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completedB. completes C. has been completed D. is completedD 3. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designedB. had been designed C. was designedD. would be designedB说明说明：by the end of 短语一般都与完成时连用。短语一般都与完成时连用。4. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cutC1、对於这个问题，关注很少。、对於这个问题，关注很少。Little attention was paid to this problem.2、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。 Group discussion should be encouraged in class.3、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。It is reported that a new road will be built here.4、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。 Measures should be taken to stop the river from being polluted.