小学英语四种时态小结.doc

小学英语四种时态小结小学英语四种时态小结小学英语四种时态小结一、一般现在时【No.1】一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I"mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+don"t(doesn"t)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idon"tlikeapples.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn"t构成否定句。如：Hedoesn"toftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon"t.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn"t.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies；二、现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意+be+主语+动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意+be+动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping四、一般将来时1、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year).2、基本结构：begoingto+do；will+do.3、否定句：在be动词（am,is,are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。例如：Imgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.Imnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.4、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?5、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.问人。Who例如：ImgoingtoNewYorksoon.WhosgoingtoNewYorksoon.2.问干什么。Whatdo.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.3.问什么时候。When.如：Shesgoingtogotobedatnine.Whenisshegoingtobed?六、同义句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.小学英语语法复习要点(3)四、一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasnt）are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=werent）带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didnt+动词原形，如：Jimdidntgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied5不规则动词过去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat扩展阅读：小学英语4种时态小结小学英语时态小结一：现在进行时：1、概念：用在叙述某人正在做某事的时候。（某动作正在进行）其结构是“be动词+动词ing”,句中可能会有look，listen，now或一个相当具体的时间。2、时间状语：now,atthistime3、基本结构：am/is/are+doing4、否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing5、一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首6、动词加“ing”（现在分词）的变化规则：1）、直接在动词后面加“ing”2）、“元音+辅音+e”结尾的单词把e去掉再加ing。3）、重读闭音节双写最后字母再加ing，单词有：runrunning、swimswimming、putputting、getgetting、shopshopping7、例句WhatisMarydoing?Shesshopping.IsBettyswimmingnow?No,sheisnt.Shesrunning.Itsseventhirtyintheevening.Werehavingdinnerathome.现在进行时：be(am,are,is)+doing肯定句：be+doing否定句：benot+doing疑问句：Be+主语+doing？listenlook,nowit"s.1.直接加ing2.双写加ing3.去e加ing例题：1.Listen!Who_(speak)Englishinthelibrary?2.She_(like)music.Nowshe_(sing).3.Don"t_(run)inthestreet.4._you_(go)toschooleveryday?5.Classisover.Thepupils_(play)games.6.It"s6:30.I_(get)up.7.Look,thepupils_(have)anEnglishclass.8.Mymother_(wash)thebowlsinthekitchennow.9.He_(like)artverymuch.He_(draw)ahorsenow.10.Letthechildrengoaway.They_(make)noisehere.二：一般现在时：1、概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。用来叙述经常性发生的事情、习惯和爱好等。2.时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month),onceaweek,onSundays,3.基本结构：动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加s或es）4.否定形式：此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don"t,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn"t，同时还原行为动词;am/is/are+not。5.一般疑问句：若有be动词，把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。6、如果叙述的人或事物是第三人称单数行为动词要加上，其变化规则和名词的复数形式变化规则一样。1.)Johnlikesgoinghiking.2.)Maryoftengetsupatsevenoclock.3.)Mr.Licookssuppereveryevening.4.)Howdoeshegotoschool?-Hegoestoschoolonfoot.5.)DoeshegotoschoolonSaturday?-Yes,hedoes.(第三人称单数一般疑问句句前是does，句中的动词要用原形。)动词第三人称单数变化规则（与名词的复数形式变化规则一样）:1）直接在动词后面加“s”。2）以“s、x、sh、ch”结尾的单词，在动词后面加“es”。wash-washeswatch-watchesfish-fishes3）以“辅音+y”结尾的单词，把y改i再加es。carry-carriesstudy-studiesfly-flies4）go和do的第三人称单数是goes和does叙述的人或事物不是第三人称单数行为动词要用原形。7、例句Iusuallygotoschoolonfoot.WeplayfootballeverySundayafternoon.WhatdotheydoonSundays?-Theyplaychess.一般现在时：肯定句：主语+do,主语第三人称单数+does否定句：主语+don"t+do主语第三人称单数+doesn"t+do疑问句：Do+主语+do?Does+主语第三人称单数+do?usually,sometimes,often,seldom,never,everyday1.直接加s,es,2.某些y-i加s,es例题：1.Mymother_(work)inaprimaryschoolandI_(study)inthesameschool.2.I_(have)abikeandBen_(have)abike,too.3.Mysister_(be)apupil.She_(study)veryhard.4.Who_(cook)breakfastforyourfamily?5.Myfatherisateacher.He_(teach)Chineseinaprimaryschool.6.He_(be)strong.Hecan_(carry)theheavybox.7.John_(go)toschoolbybikeeveryday.8.Kateoften_(play)tabletenniswithherfriends.9.Mymotheroften_(go)shoppingand_(buy)somevegetbalesinthemarket.10.-Who_(study)hardestinyourclass?三：一般过去时：1、概念：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状态连用,2.时间状语：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.3.基本结构：was/were+形容词；例：Iwasastudentin1989行为动词（动词原形变过去式）例：Iplayedbaskedballyesterdayafternoon4.否定形式：was/were+not；在行为动词前加didn"t，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。6.动词过去式的变化：规则动词的变化：一般动词+ed例：plant-planted,climb-climbed以不发音的e结尾+d例：like-liked辅音字母加y结尾变y为i+ed例：study-studied,cry-cried重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写最后一个字母+ed例：stop-stopped，plan-planned不规则动词的变化：原形过去式原形过去式sweepswept扫,打扫teachtaught教keepkept保持thinkthought想,思索sleepslept睡眠buybought购买feelfelt感觉drinkdrank喝readread读givegave给putput放;置singsang唱cutcut切,剪,割beginbegan开始letlet让,使ringrang响flyflew飞,飞行runran跑drawdrew绘画,画sitsat坐growgrew生长learnlearned/learnt学习gowent去saysaid说findfound找到,发现taketook带，取makemade做;制造comecame来seesaw领会,看见telltold告诉havehadis/amwas是dodidarewere是eatate吃drivedrove驾驶speakspoke讲riderode骑writewrote写hearheard听到,听见getgot得到meetmet遇见meanmeant意味knowknew知道一般过去时肯定句：动词用过去式否定句：didn"t+动原疑问句：Did+动原before,ago,thismorning,yesterday,last.过去时要注意的问题：1.有did,didn"t就没有was,were,wasn"t,weren"t2.was,were,wasn"t,weren"t是表示过去的状态或场所不会出现did,didn"tIwasathomeyesterday.Youweren"tatschoolyesterday.Theywerestrongbefore.动词过去式变化：1.直接加2.有e加d3.辅音yi加ed4.双写加ed5.特殊变化例题：1.Myfather_(notstay)athomeyesterday.He_(go)toGuangzhou.2._they_(visit)thezoolastSunday?3.-Who_(teach)youmathslastyear?-MrLiu_(do).4.-When_you_(take)thesephotos?-I_(take)themlastweek.5.LastSaturdaymymother_(go)shoppingand_(buy)meadress.6.-When_yourbrother_(get)here?-He_(get)heretwodaysago.7.-_Mike_(play)computergames.-No,he_.He_(go)toseeagilm.8.-When_you_(begin)tolearnEnglish?-I_(begin)tolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.9.Ididn"tknowyou_here.10.It_hotteryesterdaythanit_today.11.Ben_acoldlastweek.12._manybeautifulflowersinourschoolbefore.13._anymilkinthebottlebefore?14._aheavyrainlastnight.7.例句：Sheoftencametohelpusinthosedays.肯定句:Ivisitedmygrandparentslastweekend.Iusuallyplayedwithmyfriendslastyear.Iwasbusylastweekend.Theyweresadyesterday.否定句:Ididntvisitmygrandparentslastweekend.Iwasntbusylastweekend.Theywerenotsadyesterday.一般疑问句:Didyouvisityougrandparentslastweekend?Yes,Idid./No,Ididnt.Wereyoubusylastweekend?Yes,Iwas./No,Iwast.Yes,wewere./No,wewerent.特殊疑问句:Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Iplayedfootball.WheredidMikegolastweekend?Hewenttothelibrary.Howdidyougothere?Iwentbybus.Wherewereyouyesterday?Iwasathome.四：一般将来时：1、概念：叙述将要发生的事情或打算。表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2.时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year),soon,inafewminutes,by,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.3.基本结构：am/is/are/goingto+do；结构是begoingto+动词原形。如果所接的动词原形刚好是go或come，可把togo和tocome去掉。例：Iamgoingtogotoschoolthisafternoon=Iamgoingtoschoolthisafternoonwill+do.4.否定形式：am/is/are/goingto+not+do；will+not;在行为动词前加willnot，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will提到句首。1.)Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?-Iamgoingtovisitmygrandparents.Whatwillyoudotomorrow?-Iwillvisitmygrandparents.2.)Aretheygoingtosweepthefloortonight?-Yes,theyare.willtheysweepthefloortonight?-Yes,theywill.3.）WhereisSarahgoing(togo)nextweek?-Shesgoing(togo)thepark.WherewillSarahgonextweek?-Shewillgothepark.一般将来时：1.begoingto+do2.will+do肯定句：will/begoingto+do否定句：willnot/benotgoingto+do疑问句：Will+主语+do?Be+主语+goingtodo?tomorrownext.thisafternoonthedayaftertomorrowsoon一般将来时注意的问题：1.begoingto表示打算，不那么确定,而will是确定的2.will和begoingto不要混合起来用，不会出现willbegoingto,bewillgoingto,willgoingto的3.will没有人称变化,而begoingto有人称变化4.不会出现was/weregoingto的情况例题：1.We_(visit)theGreatWallnextmonth.2.Myfather_(fly)toBeijingtomorrow.3.You_(have)aseven-dayholidaysoon.What_you_(do)?4.NextweekDavid_(visit)thenewzooinPanyu.5._you_(borrow)booksfromthelibrarytomorrow?6.Mypenisbroken.I_(buy)anewonethisSaturday.7.They_(have)apicnicintheparkthisSunday.8.I_(write)aletterthisevening.9.He_(make)akitethisSaturday.10.Mymother_(cook)somedeliciousfoodthisweekend.编辑本段五、现在完成时一、一般现在时1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语：Always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month),oncea2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,sofar,bynow,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently,week(day,year,month),onSundays,lately,inthepastfewyears,etc.3.基本结构：动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）3.基本结构：主语+have/has+p.p（过去分词）+其他4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are+not+其他;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don"t,4.否定形式：主语+have/has+not+p.p（过去分词）+其他如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn"t，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：have或has。5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，6.例句：I"vewrittenanarticle.初中英语时态小结同时，还原行为动词。6.例句：.Itseldomsnowshere.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.编辑本段二、一般过去时1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。2.时间状语：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,last(year,night,month),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词的过去式4.否定形式：主语+was/were+not+其他;在行为动词前加didn"t，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。6.例句：Sheoftencametohelpusinthosedays.Ididn"tknowyouweresobusy.编辑本段三、现在进行时1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语：Now,atthistime,days,etc.look.listen3.基本结构：主语+be+doing+其他4.否定形式：主语+be+not+doing+其他5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。6.例句：Howareyoufeelingtoday?Heisdoingwellinhislessons.编辑本段四、过去进行时1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。2.时间状语：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.基本结构主语+was/were+doing+其他4.否定形式：主语+was/were+not+doing+其他5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）6.例句：AtthattimeshewasworkinginaPLAunit.Whenhecamein,Iwasreadinganewspaper.Thecountrysidehaschangedalotinthepastfewyears.编辑本段六、过去完成时1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。2.时间状语：Before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month),etc.3.基本结构：主语+had+p.p（过去分词）+其他4.否定形式：主语+had+not+p.p（过去分词）+其他5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。6.例句：Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.Bytheendoflastmonth.Wehadreviewedfourbooks基本结构：主语+had+p.p（过去分词）+其他肯定句：主语+had+p.p（过去分词）+其他否定句：主语+had+not+p.p（过去分词）+其他一般疑问句：Had+主语+p.p（过去分词）+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句编辑本段七、一般将来时1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2.时间状语：Tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year),soon,inafewminutes,by,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are+goingto+do+其他；主语+will/shall+do+其他4.否定形式：主语+am/is/arenotgoingtodo；主语+will/shallnotdo+其他5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。6.例句：Theyaregoingtohaveacompetitionwithusinstudies.Itisgoingtorain.编辑本段八、过去将来时1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语：Thenextday(morning,year),thefollowingmonth(week),etc.3.基本结构：主语+was/were+goingto+do+其他；主语+would/should+do+其他4.否定形式：主语+was/were/not+goingto+do;主语+would/should+not+do.5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should提到句首。6.例句：HesaidhewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.Iaskedwhowasgoingthere.编辑本段九、将来完成时1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态2.时间状语：bythetimeof;bytheendof+时间短语（将来）;bythetime+从句（将来）3.基本结构：主语+begoingto/will/shall+have+p.p（过去分词）+其他4例句:Bythetimeyougetback,greatchangeswillhavetakenplaceinthisarea.编辑本段十、现在完成进行时1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。2.基本结构：主语+have/has+been+doing+其他3.时间状语：since+时间点，for+时间段等。4.例子：Ihavebeensittinghereforanhour.ThechildrenhavebeenwatchingTVsincesixo"clock.编辑本段十一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段时间+ago”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；瞬间动词用于“Itis+一段时间+since+一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用itis来代替Ithasbeen;瞬间动词用于“Sometimehaspassedsince+一般过去时”的句型中。请看：A.HejoinedtheLeaguetwoyearsago.B.HehasbeenintheLeaguefortwoyears.C.ItistwoyearssincehejoinedtheLeague.D.TwoyearshaspassedsincehejoinedtheLeague.编辑本段十二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如atwork（在工作）,atschool（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：Peterisatwork,butMikeisatplay.Peterisworking,butMikeisplaying.编辑本段十三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态中go,come,leave,start,arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：Iamcoming,Mum!意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：Thetrainisleavingsoon.Thetrainwillleavesoon.用适当形式填空.1.He_backamonthago.(come)2.Mymotheroftentellsme_inbed.(notread)3.Imusttakeitbackthedayaftertomorrow.Youcanonly_itfor24hours.(keep)4.Whyhaveyoukeptme_hereforsolongatime?(wait)5.Pleasecometoourmeetingifyou_freetomorrow.(be)6.She_totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(go)7.Inhisletter,hesaidthathe_usverymuch.(miss)8.Thefilm_fornearlyfifteenminuteswhenIgottothecinema.(be)9.Hesaidhebecame_inphysics.(interest)10.Thisfilmisworth_.(see)11.Hewenttoschoolinsteadof_home.(go)12.Intheolddaysitwasdifficultforthepoorto_ajob.(find)13.It"scoldoutside,soyou"dbetter_yourcoat.(puton)14.Heishungry.Pleasegivehimsomething_.(eat)15.Pleasedon"twastetime_TVeveryevening.YoushouldwordhardatEnglish.(watch)16.Wefoundthewindow_.(break)17.Youhavedroppedyourpencil._.(拾起它)18.Motheroftentellsme_toolate.(notcomehome)19.Youhadbetter_bybus,oryouwillbelate.(go)20.Iwill_LiMingthegoodnewsassoonasIseehim.(tell)21.Greatchanges_inourcountrysince1978.(takeplace)22.I_mydaughtersincelastmonth.(hearfrom)23.It_metwodaystowritethearticle.(took)24.Don"ttouchthat_child.(sleep)25.Everytimehetriedtostartthecar,thewheels_deepersintosthemud.(sink)26.WhenIgothome,Ifoundthatmyroom_breaksintosandalotofthings_.(steal)27.IfIhadarrivedthereearlier,I_him.(meet)28.Ididn"tremember_herthebookbefore.(give)29.Hecalledateverydoor,_peopletheexcitingnews.(tell)30.YesterdayMarycouldn"tfinishherhomework,soshehastogoon_itthisafternoon.(do)31.We_footballwhenitbegantorain.Wehadtostopandgohome.(play)32.XiaoLin_fromhereforabouttwohours.(beaway)33.swheres_?Canyoufindyourbirthplaceonthemap?Sorry,Ican"t.(beborn)