2022年人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳2 .pdf

1 Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、基础知识1. What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】 matter/ m?t ?(r) /n. 问题；事情What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？【注】 ： matter 和 trouble 为名词，其前可加 the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是 adj. 不能加 the 【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词 with 连用。即：What s the matter with sb.? = What s your trouble? = What s up? = What happens to sb.? Whats the matter with you ? I have a bad cold. 2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒have a fever 发烧 have a cough 咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼have a toothache牙疼have a headache头疼3. 身体部位 +ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache 后背痛4. much too+形容词，意为太. ，too much+名词，意为很多，大量。5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough 足够好， enough money=much money 6. lie down 躺下，lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie 说谎，过去式lied 7. maybe 或许 ，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right. may be，是情态动词 +be 的结构，意为 可能，也许 ，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry. sound like+ 名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea.sound+ 形容词， 听起来，好像 ，The music sounds nice. 9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing. 10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车）get on 上车11. agree 同意，赞同；agree with sth. 同意某事如： I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见如： I agree to LiLei. 12. trouble 问题，麻烦；be in trouble 遇到麻烦， make trouble 制造麻烦，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth 做.有麻烦。13. right away=right now=at once ，意为马上。14. advice 不可数名词 劝告，建议，向征求意见，give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议；advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事advise sb. doing sth. 【复习】 exercise 练习、锻炼当 exercise 意为 练习 时，为可数名词即可加 s 当 exercise 意为 锻炼 时，为不可数名词即不加 s 16. hurt 及物动词，使 疼痛， 受伤， He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词， （部位）疼。His leg hurt badly. clean 【动词】打扫，clean the classroom 打扫教室，【形容词】干净的，cleaner意为清洁工。18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位；hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了 、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. 变得习惯，逐渐适应 强调过程、动作：It s difficult for one to get used to another country s habit.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - - - 2 20. 【复习】 free 形容词 空闲的 free time；免费的 the drink is for free ；自由的 I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使 解脱，得到自由：He could not free his arm. run out 用完，用尽When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物 sth. run out. 某物用尽了。人 sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night. 22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks 冒险23. the importance of (doing) sth. （做）某事的重要性We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性），important adj.重要的， unimportant adj.不重要的decision 【名词】决定；抉择；make a decision 做决定; make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。25. be in the control of 掌管，管理The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control 无法控制，无法管理be under control 被控制住，在控制之中26. 【复习】 mind 意为介意，mind doing sth. 介意做某事, Would you mind my opening the window? 27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games ；give up 后可接名词、代词和动词ing 形式，也可不接，如: Never give up easily. 二、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself yourself himself herself itself 复数ourselves yourselves themselves 【用法】1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如： Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如：She isn t quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如： She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中。look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快help oneself to sth 请自用 （随便吃 /喝些 ）. hurt oneself 摔伤自己say to oneself 自言自语leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下buy oneself sth.给自己买 东西introduce oneself 介绍 自己【提醒】1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。（误） Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 2. 反身代词表示 某人自己 不能表示 某人的东西 ，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达 某人自己的（东西） 时，须要用 ones own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误） I m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I m drawing with my own crayons.Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks1. sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick. 也可作定语a sick child 【区别 ill 】ill 与 sick 同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill. 2. cheer (sb.) up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - - - 3 3. give out 分发；散发，相当于hand out，The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意为把某物分发给某人。4. volunteer 【名词】志愿者【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事，The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program. 5. used to do sth.过去 /曾经 (常 )做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。There used to be a cinema here. 这里曾有一个照相机。They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely （感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now. 7. care for sb./sth.照顾；照料 care 【名词】小心，关心take care of=look after 【动词】 care about sb./sth.关心，在意某人/事【形容词】 careful 仔细的/ careless 粗心的【副词】 carefully 仔细地8. such 这样的，这种，如此 ，用于修饰名词such+ a/ an+形容词 +单数名词： such a good day 多么美好的一天/such an exciting match 多么精彩的比赛such+形容词 +复数名词 /不可数名词： such important decisions 多么重要的建议such delicious food 多么美味的食物如果名词前被many, much, few, little 修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time 9. try out for参加 选拔，争取成为Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.try out 试用，试验10. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行，行程；trip【名词】多指短途旅行；travel【名词、动词】travel around the world 【名词】 traveler 旅行者11.【复习】 be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情12.【复习】 try doing sth. 试着去做某事try to do sth. 尽力去做某事try one s best (to do sth.) 尽某人最大的努力去做某事13.【复习】 be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人、某事14. raise money 集资，筹钱； raise money for为 筹钱raise【动词】举起；提高；募集15. keep【动词】 keep+名词，保留（某物） ；keep+形容词，保持16.【形容词】 broken 破损的，出毛病的；blind 瞎的，失明的； deaf 聋的； disabled 有残疾的，丧失能力的；在句中做定语和表语。make it possible (for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为可能，You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it +形容词 (+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为；think/find it + 形容词 to do sth. 18. make a difference to对 有影响；对 有作用， difference 前可以用no, any, some, much等修饰，如The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study. 19. difficulty 【可数 /不可数】表示抽象意义的 困难 时为不可数；表示具体的 难题、难事 时为可数；have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难20. train【动词】训练，trained 为过去分词，可做定语，意为 受过训练的 a trained dog21. be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋，Everyone is excited about the good news. 【复习】 excited 意为兴奋的，修饰人；exciting 意为令人兴奋 /激动的，修饰物。22. order【名词】命令，指示；顺序，次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order 。23. change【动词】变化，改变It s hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名词】变化；零钱change A for B 用 A 换成 B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB. repair 【动词】修理，修补；fix【动词】安装；使固定【fix up 修理 =repair】Unit3 Could you please clean your room? Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？Could you please do sth ?请你（做）.好吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - - - 4 Could 不是 can 的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can. 【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答：Sorry , I cant2、take out 取出（ v+ adv）【注】 : 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间；跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边His teeth hurt badly. The dentist take them out . 【短语】 take out the trash 倒垃圾take a walk 散步take away 拿走，取走take back 收回take place 发生take off 脱下；起飞3. Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？do the dishes 洗碗【结构 1】do the +名词：do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具 /衣服【结构 2】do the +动词 -ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生【结构 3】do one s + 名词do one s housework/ homework 做家务 /家庭作业【结构 4】do some +动词 -ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书 /购物Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？1】Could I do a sth? 我可以做 .吗？用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。Could I go out with my classmate this weekend? 2】at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至少，不超过Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school. 3】finish v 结束；完成finish doing sth 做完某事 Can you finish _reading_ these books before 10 oclock? Yes, I can. 5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。How time is flies! Three years _is_(be) really a short time. 足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语）【解析 2】enough I don t have enough money with me.足够；充分（放在形容词；副词后）The river is deep enough for swimming. 【记】Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isnt kind enough to help others.【注意】 enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。6、Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes? 你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好，再把碗洗了吗？【解析】 take out 拿出；取出take 的用法：Please take some books to the classroom. Take this medicine three times a day. take They usually take the bus to work. It takes me two hours to do my homework every day. 【拓展】 take 构成的短语：take a walk 去散步take a rest 休息take care of 照顾take off 脱下；起飞 take up 占据take down 拿下take ones time 不急；慢慢来take ones temperature 量体温7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV , my mom came over . 我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。【解析 1】the minute = as soon as 一. 就. Please write to me the minute you get there.作 副词作 形 容拿；取吃；喝；服用乘（车；船等）花费（时间； 金钱）精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - - - 5 【解析 2】 in front of 指在物体外部的前面There is a bike in front of the classroom. 【辨析】指在物体内部的前面Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 【记】The driver sat _in the front of_ the car. The policeman stood _in front of_ the car. 【注意】有the 无 the 区别大：at table 吃饭；进餐in hospital 住院at the tabel 在桌边 in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）【解析 3】come over 过来【拓展】come 短语：come across（偶然）发现come back 回来come up with 想出come true 实现come down 下来come from=be from 来自 ,出生于come in/into 进入 ,进来come on 赶快 ,加油come along 走吧 ,过来 ,快点come and go 来来去去come up 上来come out 出来， (花 )开， (照片 )冲洗出来7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！all the time = always 一直；总是8. I m just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！ 【解析】 as.as . 和.一样 . 9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。【解析】 neither +助动词 /系动词 /情态动词+主语 某人（主语）也不 neither 两者都不neither nor 既不 也不, 连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 表达 也不 则用Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V 情 + 主 The first one wasnt bad. Neither was the second. 10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy. 第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。【解析】 find + 宾语 +宾语补足语【注】 find found found v 寻找(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难She found _it_ hard to finish the work by herself. 11. She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。【解析】 in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地surprise v 使吃惊 surprising adj. 令人吃惊的surprised adj. 吃惊的to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是in surprise 吃惊地be surprised at 对 感到吃惊To my surprise_(使我吃惊的是） ，he got the first prize in the exam. 12. I m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home. I replied. 对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。 我回答说。【解析 1】need v 需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。(1)人做主语， sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主语， sth need doing sth= sth need to be done 用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词(1)needn t = dont have to 没有必要(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn t Must I go there now? Yes，you must/No, you needntin front of in the front of 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - - - 6 【解析 2】share 分享；共用share sth 分享或共用某物share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? 看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗？【解析】 hang out 闲逛hang up 把.悬挂 /挂起14. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗？【解析】 pass v 给；递；走过；通过pass sb.sth 把某物递给某Pass on 传递Please pass the paper on to the other students. v 通过；路过I pass your home. v 通过（考试）；及格Tom can pass his math exam. 15. Could I borrow that book? 我能借下你那本书看吗、Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？【解析】 borrow /lend/keep (1)borrow 借入,与 from 连用，尤指主语 【借进来 】borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物You can borrow the book from the library. (2)lend 借出 ,与 to 搭配 【指借出去】lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesn t want to lend his book to others. (3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】16. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet.我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。【解析】 try (not) to do sth 努力（不）做某事。try v 试图，设法，努力【拓展】(1)try on 试穿(2) try to do sth 努力做某事【侧重尽力做】(3) try doing sth 试图做某事【侧重尝试做】(4)try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事17. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。hate to do sth 讨厌做某事 , 表示某次具体行为或动作。I hate to trouble him. hate doing sth 不愿意做某事表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。She hates smoking in her room. 18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then? 那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？【解析】 ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 请求，要某物ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事(1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助(2) ask sb. (not) to do sth 请求某人做某事ask 构成的短语：短语含义ask sb. to do sth 请某人做某事ask sb. not to do sth 不让某人做某事ask sb for sth 向某人要某物ask for help 寻求帮助19.I ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. 当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。【解析 1】finish doing sth 完成某事 Can you finish _reading_ these books before 10 o clock? Yes, I can. 【解析 2】while conj. 在 期间；当 的时候 While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。_While _ the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach. 【解析 3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人。【注】 help v 帮助 helpful adj. 有帮助的(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事(2)with the help of sb.=with ones help在某人的帮助之下(3)without the help of 没有在 的帮助之下精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - - - 7 I think reading is very _helpful_(help). _Without_ your help, we couldnt catch the thief.20. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？【解析】 invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地【解析】 invite v invitation n 邀请(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2)invite sb. to + 地点邀请某人去某地21.I don t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. 我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。【解析】 make sb. do sth 让某人做某事make made made v. 做， 制作，使得(1) make sb/sth + 形容词 让某人或某物 make you happy(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事make me laugh. Colors can change our moods and make us _feel_ happy or sad, energetic or sleep. 22.They dont have time to study and do housework ，too. 他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。【解析】 have time to do sth.有时间做某事have time =be free 有空23. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。【解析】 a waste of 浪费a waste of time 浪费时间a waste of money 浪费金钱waste v 浪费 waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱Dont _waste_water. Cant you see the sign save water?24.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. 为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。【解析 1】spend. on sth 在某事上花费 . spend/pay/cost/take 花费(1)spend spent spe