系统工程管理.pptx

系統工程管理OutlineSystem DefinitionWhat is Systems Engineering?System Engineering ProcessSystem DefinitionHardwareSoftwareEquipmentFacilitiesTechnical DataPersonnelq An integrated set of equipment, computer program, facilities, human and logistical support resources, and procedures which are assembled to accomplish a single purpose or mission. (NSA/CSS)(NSA/CSS)q A system is a construct or collection of different elements that together produce results not obtainable by elements alone. (NASA)(NASA)q A complete solution to a defined need(s) in its full environment over a prescribed lifetime. (Northrop Grumman)(Northrop Grumman)CommandControl &CommunicationsArchitectureSpace SystemSpaceMissionConceptSubjectSpaceSegment(P/L+S/C)Orbit andConstellationLaunchSegmentGroundSegmentMissionOperationsSystem DefinitionWhat is Systems Engineering?System Engineering ProcessWhat is the Systems Engineering ? (I)The Orchestra Needs a Conductor and .The Orchestra Needs a Conductor and .What is the Systems Engineering ? (II)n Systems engineering is the Systems engineering is the art and scienceart and science of of developing an developing an operable systemoperable system capable of capable of meetingmeeting requirements requirements within often opposed within often opposed constraints.constraints.n Systems engineering is a Systems engineering is a holistic, integrative holistic, integrative disciplinediscipline to produce to produce a coherent wholea coherent whole that is that is not dominated by the perspective off a single not dominated by the perspective off a single discipline.discipline.Systems Engineering (Basic Concept)MissionMission(A Large Problem)#1#2#3#NTO BE SOLVED & EFFECTIVELY MANAGED TO PRODUCETO BE SOLVED & EFFECTIVELY MANAGED TO PRODUCEANANOPTIMIZED SOLUTIONOPTIMIZED SOLUTIONSYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESSSYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESS(TO BE DECOMPOSED INTO AN INTEGRATED SET OF SMALL PROBLEMS)Relationships between System Engineering and Project ControlSYSTEMS EMGINEERING Requirement Definition Requirement Definition Technical Solution Definition Product Realization Design Realization Evaluation Product Transition Technical Management Technical Planning Technical Control Technical Assessment Technical Decision Analysis Planning Risk Management Configuration Management Data Management Assessment Decision AnalysisPROJECT MANAGEMENTPROJECT CONTROL Management Planning Integrated Assessment Schedule Management Cost Management Resource Management Acquisition managementProject Life-Cycle Phases (NASA)Pre-Phase A :Concept StudiesPhase A :Concept & TechnologyDevelopmentPhase B :Preliminary Design & Technology Completion Phase C :Final Design & FabricationPhase D :System Assembly Integration & Test LaunchPhase E :Operation &SustainmentPhase F :CloseoutFeasible ConceptTop-Level ArchitectureFunctional BaselineAllocated BaselineProductBaselineAs-DeployedBaselinePhase Phase Configuration Configuration OutputOutputFeasible SystemConcepts in the form of Simulations,Analysis, Study Reports, Models, and Mockups SystemConceptsDefinitionin the form of Simulations,Analysis, Engineering Models, Mockups,Trade StudyDefinition End Productsin the form of Mockups,Trade Study Results,Specifications,Interface Documents, andPrototypesEnd ProductsDetailed Designs,End Product,ComponentFabrication,And SoftwareDevelopmentOperations-Ready System End ProductWith Supporting Related EnablingProductsProduct CloseoutDesired SystemSystem DefinitionWhat is Systems Engineering?System Engineering ProcessSystems Engineering EngineRequirements FlowRequirements Flow Down From Level AboveDown From Level AboveRealized Products Realized Products to Level Aboveto Level AboveRequirements FlowRequirements Flow Down to Level BelowDown to Level BelowRealized ProductsRealized Products From Level AboveFrom Level AboveSYSTEM DESIGN PROCESSRequirements Definition Processes1. Stakeholder Expectations Definition2. Technical Requirements DefinitionTechnical Solution Definition Processes3. Logical Decomposition4. Design Solution DefinitionTECHNICAL MANAGEMENT PROCESSTechnical Planning Processes10. Technical PlanningTechnical Control Processes11. Requirements Management12. Interface Management13. Technical Risk Management14. Configuration Management15. Technical Data ManagementTechnical Assessment Processes16. Technical AssessmentTechnical Decision Analysis Processes17. Decision AnalysisProduction TransitionProcesses9. Product TransitionEvaluation Processes7. Product Verification8. Product ValidationDesign Realization Processes5. Product Implementation6. Product IntegrationPRODUCT REALIZATION PROCESSInterrelationships among the Systems Design ProcessesMission Objectives &ConstraintsMission AuthorityStakeholder ExpectationsOperationalObjectivesMission SuccessCriteriaHigh-LevelRequirementsFunctional andLogicalDecompositionDesign andProduct BreakdownStructureConOpsHigh-LevelRequirementsFunctional &PerformanceAnalysisSufficientDepthWork ?Safe & Reliable ?Affordable ?Select BaselineBaselineRequirements ?StartTrade Studies and Iterative Design LoopNoYesNoYesYesNoStakeholder Expectation DefinitionTechnical Requirement DefinitionLogical DecompositionDesign Solution DefinitionDecision AnalysisPurpose of Stakeholder Expectations Definition Process The main purpose is to identify who the stakeholders are and how they intend to use the product.The early task is to understand the objectives of the mission.OperationalObjectivesSuccessCriteriaDesign DriversMission AuthorityMission ObjectivesnAgency strategic plansnAnnouncements of opportunitynRoad mapsn Sciencen Technology demonstrationn Technology developmentn ProgrammaticOperation Drivern Integration and testn Transportationn Science data distributionn .n What measurements ?n How well ?n Operation durationn Environmentn .Stakeholder Expectations Definition Process Initial CustomerExpectationsValidatedStakeholderExpectationsOther StakeholderExpectationsCustomerFlowdownRequirementsConcept of OperationsEnabling ProductSupportStrategiesMeasure of EffectivenessEstablish List of StakeholdersElicit Stakeholders ExpectationsEstablish Operations Concept and Support StrategiesDefine Stakeholder Expectations in Acceptable StatementsAnalyze Expectation Statements For Measures of EffectivenessValidate That Defined Expectation Statements Reflect Bidirectional TraceabilityObtain Stakeholder Commitments to the Validated Set of ExpectationsBaseline Stakeholder ExpectationsOperation ArchitectureTechnical Requirements Definition Process BaselinedStakeholderExpectationsValidatedTechnicalRequirementsBaselined ConceptOf OperationsMeasures of EffectivenessMeasures ofPerformanceTechnical PerformanceMeasuresAnalyze Scope of ProblemDefine Design andProduct ConstraintsDefine Functional and Behavioral Expectation in Technical TermsDefine PerformanceRequirements for EachDefined Functional and Behavior ExpectationDefine TechnicalRequirements in Acceptable “Shall” StatementsValidate TechnicalRequirementsDefine Measure of Performance for Each Measure of EffectivenessEstablish TechnicalRequirements BaselineDefine TechnicalPerformance MeasuresBaselined Enabling SupportsStrategiesCharacteristics of Requirements Technical Requirements Allocation Hierarchically to PBSFunctional RequirementsPerformance RequirementsInterface RequirementsOperational Requirements Drive functional RequirementsMission Timeline SequenceMission ConfigurationsCommon and Telemetry StrategyReliability Requirements Project Standards Levied Across Systems Mission Timeline Sequence Mission Configurations Common and Telemetry StrategySafety Requirements Project Standards Levied Across Systems Toxic Substances Pressurized Vessels Radio Frequency EnergySpecialty Requirements Project Standards Drive Product Design Producibility Maintainability Asset ProtectionFlowdown Requirements Mission ObjectivesMission RequirementsSystem Functional RequirementsCostScheduleConstraintsSystem Performance RequirementsEnvironmental and other Design RequirementsSubsystem ASubsystem BSubsystem CSubsystem DAllocated RequirementsDerivedRequirementsAllocated RequirementsAllocated RequirementsAssumptionNEEDSSYSTEMSUBSYSTEMLogical Decomposition Process BaselinedTechnicalRequirementsValidatedTechnicalRequirementsMeasures of PerformanceLogical DecompositionmodelsLogical DecompositionWok ProductsDefine One or More Logical Decomposition modelsAllocate Technical Requirements to Logical Decomposition Models to FormA Set of Derived Technical RequirementsResolve Derived TechnicalRequirements ConflictsValidate the Resulting Set of Derived Technical RequirementsEstablish the Derived Technical Requirements BaselineProduct Breakdown StructureSpacecraftSpacecraftSystemSystemSystemSystemStructureStructureandandMechanismMechanismThermalThermalControlControlAttitudeAttitudeDeterminationDetermination& Control& ControlReactionReactionControlControlTelemetryTelemetryTracking &Tracking &Comm.Comm.EnergyEnergyPowerPowerCommand &Command &DataDataHandlingHandlingStructureStructure Element ElementDeployDeploy Mechanism MechanismSolar PanelSolar PanelRadiatorRadiatorHeat PipeHeat PipeHeaterHeaterMLI MLI (multi-(multi-layer layer insulator)insulator) GyrosGyrosStar TrackerStar TrackerMomentumMomentum Wheels WheelsMagneticMagnetic TorquersTorquersControlControl Electronics ElectronicsThrusterThrusterTanksTanksValvesValves AntennasAntennasReceiversReceiversMultiplexersMultiplexersGPS ReceiverGPS ReceiverTWTAsTWTAsSolar ArraysSolar ArraysBatteryBatteryRegulatorRegulatorPower ControlPower ControlOn BoardOn Board Computer ComputerSolid StateSolid State Recorder RecorderRemote I/ORemote I/O Units UnitsSubsystemSubsystemComponentComponentTraveling-wave tubeFunctional Breakdown Block DiagramN2 ChartGABCDEFM M, SS M, E, SS M, E, SS M, E, SSM : Mechanical E : ElectricalSS : Supplied Services : InterfaceDesign Solution Definition Process BaselinedLogical DecompositionmodelsSystemSpecifiedRequirementsBaselined DerivedTechnicalRequirementsSubsystem SpecificationProduct Verificationand ValidationPlanDefine Alternative Design SolutionAnalyze Each Alternative Design Solution Establish Operations Concept and Support StrategiesSelect Best Design Solution AlternativeGeneral Full Design Description of the Selected SolutionBaseline Design Solution Specified Requirements and Design DescriptionInitiate Development ofEnabling ProductsEnablingProduct ExistNeed lowerLevelProduct?NoNoYesYesInitiate Development ofNext lower level ProductsEnd Product-SpecifiedRequirementsEnablingProducts RequirementsSingle Mission OperationsSystem Level Trades and BaselineGROUNDMissionMissionPAYLOADIR SensorSARVIS + NIRHSIORBITLow InclinationSun-Synchh=564 km h=891 kmi=97.650i=98.990ExistingTT&CTDRSReceiving StationNewNCUUpgrade RGSCOM ARCHImaging DataX-BandS-BandTT&CX-BandS-BandScience DataX-Band S-BandMISSION OPSMuti-Mission OperationsS/C STABILIZ.Three- axisSpin(or Dual Spin)Gravity GradientLAUNCHERAthena IITaurus-XLRocketAthena IXXXXXX: Baseline : AlternativesRequirements Verification MatrixRequirements NoDocumentParagraphShall StatementSuccess CriteriaMethodPhaseResultsP-1xxx3.2.1.1Capability: Support UplinkedData (LDR)System XShall Providea Max.Ground-to-StationUplink ofSystem X Locks to forward Link at the Min and Max Data RateTolerancesTest5Report xxxProduct RealizationDesign RealizationDesign RealizationEvaluation ProcessesEvaluation ProcessesProduct Product TransitionTransitionProcessProcessProduct ImplementationProduct IntegrationProduct VerificationProduct Validation Assembly Functional Evaluation Acquire Make/Code Reuse Functional Environmental Operational Testing in Integration & Test Environment Operational Testing in Mission Environment Product Transition Delivery to Next Higher Level in PBS Delivery to Operational SystemProduct Implementation Process Required RawMaterialsConfiguration Documentation Subsystem SpecificationProductImplementationWork ProductsPrepare to Conduct ImplementationIf Implementation by Buying :Participate in Purchase of Specified end ProductMake the Specified End ProductDesired EndProductEnd Product Design Specifications EnablingProduct If Implementation by Making :Evaluate ReadinessOf Product ImplementationEnabling ProductsIf Implementation by Reuse :Participate in Acquiring the ReuseEnd ProductPrepare Appropriate Product Support DocumentationPrepare Appropriate Product Support DocumentationCapture Product Implementation Work ProductsProduct Integration Process Lower LevelProducts to beIntegratedConfiguration Documentation Product Documentsand ManualsProductIntegrationWork ProductsPrepare to Conduct Product integrationAssemble and Integrate the Received Products into the Desired End ProductsDesiredProductEnd Product Design Specifications EnablingProduct Prepare Appropriate Product Support DocumentationPrepare Appropriate Product Support DocumentationCapture Product Integration Work ProductsObtain Lower Level Products for Assembly and IntegrationConfirm That Received Products Have Been ValidatedPrepare the Integration Environment for Assembly and IntegrationSpacecraft ConfigurationBatteryThermal DoublerTMI WallOBMUIPUsSSRRwheels(x4)MTQs (x3)DRUGPS RcvrsTRSPsPropulsion ModuleMAGs(x2)Ombilical IFW/ launcherS-Band antenna (x2)GPS antenna(x2)BASS & radiatorSolar SideSolar Array ConnectorFixed panelProduct Verification Process End Product To Be VerifiedProduct VerificationPlan Product VerificationResultsProductVerificationWork ProductsPrepare to Conduct Product VerificationAnalyze the Outcomes of the product VerificationVerified EndProductSpecified RequirementsBaseline EnablingProduct Prepare Appropriate Product Support DocumentationPrepare a Product Verification ReportCapture Work Products from Products VerificationPerform the Product VerificationProductVerificationReportRequirement Allocation, Integration, and Verification ProcessMission/SystemMission/SystemRequirementsRequirementsSystemSystemSegmentSegmentRequirementsRequirementsSubsystemSubsystemRequirementsRequirementsUnitUnitRequirementsRequirementsTest UnitsTest UnitsTestTestSubsystemsSubsystemsTest SystemTest SystemSegmentsSegmentsTest SystemTest SystemVerificationVerificationAllocationAllocationIntegrationIntegrationDesign and Build UnitsDesign and Build UnitsTypes of Verification Analysis The use of mathematical modeling and analytical techniques to predict the suitability of a design. DemonstrationShowing that the use of an product achieves the individual specified requirement. InspectionThe visual examination of a realized end product. Test - The use of an end product to obtain detailed data needed to verify performance, or provide sufficient information to verify performance through further analysis.Products Forms of Verification Simulated (algorithmic models, virtual reality simulator). Mockup (plywood, brass board, breadboard) Concept description (paper report); Prototype (product with partial functionality); Engineering unit (fully functional but may not be same form/fit); Design verification test units (form, fit,