高三英语阅读理解专题指导与训练—词义猜测技巧课件.ppt

高三英语阅读理解专题指导与训练高三英语阅读理解专题指导与训练 词义猜测技巧词义猜测技巧 课件课件 （符兰英）2016.2.25 一一 英语高考全国统一大纲解读英语高考全国统一大纲解读 -阅读理解阅读理解 FuLanying 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：息。考生应能：(1) 理解主旨要义；理解主旨要义；(2) 理解文中具体信息；理解文中具体信息；(3) 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；(4) 做出判断和推理；做出判断和推理；(5) 理解文章的基本结构；理解文章的基本结构；(6) 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。理解作者的意图、观点和态度。（事实细节）（事实细节）（词义猜测）（词义猜测）（推理判断）推理判断）概括归纳概括归纳What trouble do you have doing Reading Comprehension ? 二二 阅读理解词语猜测方法与技巧阅读理解词语猜测方法与技巧词义猜测类题的常见提问形式：词义猜测类题的常见提问形式：1. The underlined word means _.2. The underlined phrase / sentence in paragraph refers to _.3. The underlined word can be replaced by _.4. What does the author mean when he says, “” ?5. Which of following best explains the meaning of the word “”?Warming up1. To boycott a store means to refuse to shop in the store.2. Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to peoples health. They also regard drinking as harmful.抵制抵制有害的有害的思路思路“上下文，断含义上下文，断含义”_阅读理解猜词方法有哪些呢？阅读理解猜词方法有哪些呢？clue words , phrases, sentencesinfer from the context. 方法一：方法一： 根据上下文的说明根据上下文的说明Rush-to-answer question（抢答题）（抢答题）1. A man named Walter Scott had the first “diner” in 1872. It wasnt really a diner. It was only a food cart._根据文中说明，根据文中说明，“diner” 不是小餐馆，不是小餐馆，而是而是流动小餐车流动小餐车。方法二：根据上下文提供的情景方法二：根据上下文提供的情景 语境中没有定义，又没有解释，但有一种情景，暗示语境中没有定义，又没有解释，但有一种情景，暗示某词所指的性能和特征。比较下面两个句子：某词所指的性能和特征。比较下面两个句子： 1.In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing souwesters, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.2.2. An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a souwester usually bring rain._一种后沿较宽可一种后沿较宽可护颈的防水帽护颈的防水帽西南风西南风方法三：根据释义方法三：根据释义（definition clue）以表语形式出现以表语形式出现1.A priest is a person who marry people.牧师牧师prist The largest playerShanghai Bashi Tourist Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choicesdeluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches.The words “deluxe sedans”, “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the passage refer to ？ A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers2. 用逗号、破折号、括号等标点符号引出用逗号、破折号、括号等标点符号引出;C3. 用用or, means, refer to, that is, that is to say ,in other words, namely, such as, like, in another word等词引出。等词引出。 pr()krstnet To procrastinate means to put off doing something you should do now.拖延拖延方法四：根据从句判断方法四：根据从句判断根据根据定语从句定语从句或或同位语从句同位语从句判断判断例：例：1.The king was fooled by the tailors, the men who made clothes for him.裁缝裁缝2.The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns 600 yuan a month.牧羊人牧羊人方法五：根据文中的列举方法五：根据文中的列举在词组在词组such as, for example, for instance ,take for example等之后举例说明前面原等之后举例说明前面原,先不太理解的名词或作进一步说明。例如：先不太理解的名词或作进一步说明。例如：Today, many people eat in noshery，such as Mc Donalds and KFC.快餐店快餐店方法六：运用同义词关系方法六：运用同义词关系 (Synonym clue)The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. This little dwelling, however, looked neglected and cheerless房屋房屋方法七：运用反义和对比关系方法七：运用反义和对比关系1.Most women in Ghanathe educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and oldwork to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.不识字的，不识字的，文盲的文盲的_掌握表示转折的词掌握表示转折的词but , however, yet ,though, otherwise, nevertheless, on the other hand, while, unlike, still, other than, rather than, instead of等等lt()rt _方法八：根据构词法知识方法八：根据构词法知识Both the developed and the underdeveloped should try their best to popularize education. 普及普及modern-modernizecivil-civilizeindustrial-industrializepopularovereatfilm-goerdisadvise childish disorganize mineral water shewolfnonnatural Chinese watermelonbodyguard 冬瓜冬瓜暴饮暴食暴饮暴食非自然的非自然的母狼母狼矿泉水矿泉水爱看电影的人爱看电影的人劝阻劝阻幼稚的幼稚的解散解散保镖保镖 方法九：根据因果关系方法九：根据因果关系His injury is permanent . So he could never play football again.注意连词注意连词because, since, as , so that .suchthat永久的永久的, 持持久的久的_方法指导十：根据生活常识方法指导十：根据生活常识 People who refuse to comply with the law will be punished. 遵守遵守_方法十一：根据音译法方法十一：根据音译法 Our army has developed an advanced radar which can detect any kind of enemy planes flying over our country. 雷达雷达1.根据上下文的说明根据上下文的说明2. 根据上下文提供的情景根据上下文提供的情景3. 根据释义根据释义4. 根据从句判断根据从句判断5. 根据文中的列举根据文中的列举6. 运用同义词关系运用同义词关系7. 运用反义和对比关系运用反义和对比关系8. 根据构词法知识根据构词法知识 9. 根据因果关系根据因果关系10. 根据生活常识根据生活常识11. 根据音译法根据音译法Summary小结小结小试牛刀：你用了哪一种猜词法？小试牛刀：你用了哪一种猜词法？1.The old man put on his spectacles and began to read. 2.The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood. 眼镜眼镜上下文上下文吸血鬼吸血鬼上下文上下文3. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people think that craft（手艺）（手艺）no longer exists. （2004浙江浙江D）大批量生产；规模生产大批量生产；规模生产构词法构词法-合成词合成词4.Pigeons have a natural instinct to return home, even if they are far away and the trip is hard or dangerous “坚韧不拔坚韧不拔“坚韧不拔坚韧不拔本能本能常识常识5. 14,000 sanitation workers carry off, yearly, three million tons of refuse and keep 7,500 miles of streets clean and free of snow. 环卫工人环卫工人 6.Our earth is very old. It holds many secrets about life in the past. Archaeologists dig in the ground and bring out these secrets. They discover objects thousands of years old that inform us about how people lived long ago. “考古学家考古学家” 上下文上下文上下文上下文7.The girl began to feel homesick because she had been away from her family for years. 8. To get along with your roommates, do your share of chores, for example, cooking, cleaning, doing laundry, and taking out the garbage.想家的想家的因果法因果法家务劳动家务劳动举例法举例法9.The type of meter is called multimeter, which is used to measure electricity. 万用表万用表（定语从句法）（定语从句法）10.Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machines, refrigerators and color televisions. 家用电器家用电器列举法列举法11.It was a cold night in Washington, D.C., and I was heading back to the hotel when a man approached me. He asked if I would give him some money so he could get something to eat. Id read the signs：“Dont give money to beggars as most of them are swindlers.” So I shook my head and kept walking. The underlined word “swindlers” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _. A. policemenB. writers C. cheaters D. beggars因果关系因果关系C三三. 课堂演练课堂演练Passage 1 The plants in our gardens look so familiar that often we do not realize that many of them actually come from countries far away. Collecting “exotic” plants, as they are called, dates back to the earliest times. Many ancient civilizations saw the value of bringing back plants from distant lands. The first plant collecting expedition recorded in history was around 1500 BC when the Queen of Egypt sent ships away to gather plants, animals and other goods. （选修（选修9，Unit 4-1）1. The underlined word “exotic” means “_”. A 远古的远古的 B 外来的外来的 C 早期的早期的 D 本地的本地的BPassage 2 The CRFs produce is green, made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series - with Sichuan pepper, red bean (豆豆),cheese and other flavors - also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs, who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela, and Ghana, among others.2. The words chocolate snobs in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who A.are particular about chocolate B.know little about cocoa beansC. look down upon others D. like to try new flavorsAPassage 3 I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics. （爱疯英语（爱疯英语P11-7） 3. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “ relish” the word “relish” in Paragraph 2? A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for D carry onB 四四. 高考题之初体验高考题之初体验 One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast. We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide rang of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked, “My I get you something ?” “A coffee would be nice. ” Then I bought him a cup of coffee, We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee, Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked, “How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath?” “Who?” “The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs. ” I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the worlds richest and most powerful men! My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity. (2010重庆重庆)56. What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean? A. unfriendly. B. untidy. C. gentle. D. kind. 57. The author bought coffee for the old man because A. he thought the old man was poor B. he wanted to start a conversation C. he intended to show his politeness D. he would like to thank the old man 58. How did the author probably feel after he talked with his friend? A. Proud. B. Pitiful. C. Surprised. D. Regretful 59. What is the message mainly expressed in the story? A. We should learn to be generous. B. It is honorable to help those in need. C. People in high positions are not like what we expect. D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances. BACD【语篇解读】本文讲述了【语篇解读】本文讲述了“我我”在吃早点的时候遇到一个看起来穿着邋遢的老人在吃早点的时候遇到一个看起来穿着邋遢的老人，并且帮助他买了一杯咖啡，事后得知他是最富有的，并且帮助他买了一杯咖啡，事后得知他是最富有的Mr. Galbreath，旨在告诉，旨在告诉我们不要以貌取人。我们不要以貌取人。 56. 答案：答案：B 猜猜测词义题测词义题。由上文中的。由上文中的I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man何下文中的何下文中的He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. 可知可知disheveled在这儿是指仪容不整，穿着邋遢的意思。所以答案：选在这儿是指仪容不整，穿着邋遢的意思。所以答案：选B项。项。 57. 答案：答案：A 细细节理解题节理解题。根据文中。根据文中I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. 可以判断选可以判断选A项。项。 58. 答案：答案：C 推推理判断题理判断题。根据。根据I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the worlds richest and most powerful men!可知，作者在他朋友告诉他那个老人是可知，作者在他朋友告诉他那个老人是Mr. Galbreath之后感到之后感到很吃惊。由此判断选很吃惊。由此判断选C项。项。 59. 答案：答案：D 主主旨大意题旨大意题。根据文章最后一句。根据文章最后一句Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity. 可知，作者想要表达的是不要以貌取人。由此判断选可知，作者想要表达的是不要以貌取人。由此判断选D项。项。 五五. Homework (爱疯英语爱疯英语 P10-1，2，P11-4，5，6，7) Thank you all !