2022年九级英语12单元知识点总结.docx

学习资料收集于网络,仅供学习和参考, 如有侵权,请联系网站删除本单元语法：过去完成时；过去完成时表示在过去某一时间点以前即“过去的过去 ”已经发生的动作；Mr.Blacktoldmethathehadseenthemoviethreetimes.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作；它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去 ”；过去完成时的结构是：确定由“助动词 had用于各种人称和数 +过去分词 ”构成否定式： hadnot+过去分词缩写形式： hadnt过去完成时的时间状语：表示过去某一时间可用 by,before 等构成的短语；bythetimebytheendofWehadfinishedourhomeworkbefore10o clock.可能通过 when,before 等引导的从句表示；WhenIgotthere,thetrainhadleft.过去某一时间通过上下文来表示；Katehadn tstudiedhard,soshedidn tpasstheexamyesterday.【语法归纳】过去完成时与现在完成时的区分两者主要区分是时间的参照点不同：过去完成时的时间参照点是某个“过去的 ”时间；现在完成时的时间参照点是 “现在”；因此现在完成时中的许多规章,也适用于过去完成时；例句：WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbeenonforfiveminutes当.我到达电影院时, 电影已演了五分钟了；（got是一个过去的 “时间点”,电影“开头”在我“到达”之前,是“过去的过去 ”；由于 forfiveminutes 为连续一段的时间状语,应用可连续的系表结构beon 的过去完成时形式；）注：过去完成时是一个相对的时态, 表示的是 “过去的过去 ”,只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它,因此当原句中如找不到一个 “过去的时间 ”作为参照点时,是不能用过去完成时的；学习资料例句：Hegottotherailwaystationandsuddenlyrealizedthathehadforgottentobringhisticke他t. 到了火车站后突然意识到他竟遗忘带车票了； （“遗忘”这一动作在 “意识到 ”这一动作之前；）1. bythetime+时间状语从句（1） 时间状语从句的时态是一般现在时时（表示将来） ,主句用将来完成时；（2） ）时间状语从句是一般过去式时,主句用过去完成时；bytheendof+时间点（1） ） +过去的时间点,主句用过去完成时；（2） ） +将来的时间点,主句用将来完成时；by+时间点（1） ） +现在的时间点,主句用现在完成时；（2） ） +过去的时间点,主句用过去完成时；（3） ） +将来的时间点,主句用将来完成时；Bythetimeyoucameback,Ihadfinishedthisbook.BythetimeJanegetshome,herauntwillhaveleftforBeijing. Bytheendoflastyear,IhadstayedinXinzhengforsevenyears.Bynow,Ihavefinishedallmyhomework.2. leave与 forget 的用法:1leave 遗“留,落下,遗忘带 ”,侧重指把某物或某人留在某个地方,后常跟地点状语；2forget忘“记”,侧重指遗忘某件事情,后常跟todo忘了要去做 或 doing忘了做过 ； remembertodorememberdoing.leave left lef离tv开1leavesth+地点把某物遗忘在某地2leavefor+地点目的地 离开去某地(3) leaveamessage留言 askforleave 请假 leaveschool中学毕业(4) leaveonebyoneself=leavesb.alone把某人单独留下 3.when 的特别用法 “这时,突然 ”,用于四种结构1bedoingsth.when IwasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.2beonthepointofdoingsth.when Shewasonthepointofgoingoutwhenthetelephonerang 3beabouttodosth.whenWewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.4.sb.hadhardly/scarcely/barelydonesth.when Wehadhardlyfallenasleepwhenthebellrang.另： beaboutto忙于；即将做某事；侧重于表示动作立刻就要发生,常与when 引导的从句连用,但不与详细的时间状语连用；4. befullof=befilledwith 布满,装满 fill with.Thebasketisfullofapples.=Thebasketisfilledwithapples.5. get/go/come/bebacktoschool=returntoschoo意l 为“回到学校 ”1) getbackto 后接表地点的名词,意为 “回到某地 ”;2) getbackto后面接人 ,可引申为 “回复某人的信件,电子邮件,电话 ”等；3) getback 仍可表示 “回来,返回,拿回,取回 ”等含义；4) giveback=return 归仍6.Myalarmclockdidn tgooff.gooff 发出响声 ,闹钟闹响 Thealarmwentoffjustnow.goover 复习 goaway 离开 goby时间过去 goforawalk 出去漫步 goon 连续 go+doing 去做某事gofishing/shopping/skating/swimming 去钓鱼/去买东西 /去溜冰/去游泳7. waitinlinewith 意为“与 排队等候 ” standinline站成一排 cutinline 插队8. evenif/eventhough/though/although都可以引导让步状语从句；Evenif=eventhough 即“使、纵然 ”引出的从句表达的是假设或把握很大的事情though “虽然”,引出的从句表达的是事实； IwilltryevenifImayfail.Thoughitwasverylate,hewentonworking. 注though 和 but 不能同时显现在句中；9. alive,living,live 与 livelylively1）live.活“着的 ”,通常指物,不指人,常用来作定语放名词的前面；仍指“实况转播的 ”；例如：a.live.fish.一条活鱼；Do.you.like.a.live.show.or.a.recorded.show.2） living 意为“活着”强调说明 “尚在人间 ”,“健在”,可用来指人或物,作定语或表语；例如：.My.first.teacher.is.still.living.English.is.a.living.language.A.living.language.should.be.learned.through.listening.and.speaking.He.is.regarded.as.one.of.the.best.living.writers.at.present.留意： living. 前加上.the.,.表示类别,指 “活着的人们 ”；例如： The.living.must.finish.the.work.of.those.dead.living. 仍可用于短语,例如： make.a.living.bydoing谋生；3） alive.意为“活着”,侧重说明生与死之间的界限 原来会死但没有死 ,既可指人,也可指物；可用来作表语,后置定语或宾补；例如：He.is.dead.,.but.his.dog.is.still.alive.He.wanted.to.keep.the.fish.alive.Thisisafishalive.4） lively. 就意为 “活泼的 ”,“活跃”,“布满愤怒的 ”,可作定语、表语或宾补,既可指人, 又可指物；例如：Jenny.is.a.lively.girl.Everything.is.lively.here.这. 儿一切都朝气蓬勃；He.had.a.strange.way.of.making.his.classes.lively.and.interesting.live 物 定语现场的living人/物定语、表语 Makealiving/theliving alive人/ 物后置定语、表语、宾补生与死的界限lively人/物定语、表语、宾补愤怒勃勃的 ,无活着的意思；10.TheotherplaneswerefullsoIhadtowaittillthenextday.till 意为“到,直到 ”,相当于 until.用于确定句时 ,主句的动词只用连续性的,它所表示的动作始终连续到till 或 until 表示的时间为止,意为 “直到 为止”；ShewatchedTVtillhermothercameback用于否定句时,主句的动词一般是非连续性的,也可以是连续性的,它所表示的动作直到till 或until 所表示的时间才发生,意为 “直到 （才） ”；Shedidn twatchTVtillhermothercameback.11. showup出席 onshow=ondisplay 展览 showoff 炫耀 showsb.around带某人参观showsb.sth=showsthtosb向某人展现某物12. playtricksonsb.戏弄某人 playjokesonsb对.某人开玩笑 laughat 嘲笑 makefunof 取笑13.Manypeoplerantotheirlocalsupermarketstobuyasmuchspaghettiastheycould. as+adj./adv.+assb.can/could=as+adj./adv.+aspossib尽le.可能的Wemustdoeverythingaspossible.=Wemustdoeverythingaswellaswecan.14.sellout 卖光（用物作主语时,常用于被动语态besoldout）giveout 分发=handout分发 workout 解答出（人） runoutof 用完（物） runout 用完 goout 出去 findout查明 lookout=becareful=takecare当心 takeout 拿出 putout 熄灭 cutout 删除15.findout,lookfor 与 find(1) findout 强调经过调查、询问、讨论等曲折过程后才能找出；如：Pleasefindoutwhenthetrainleaves. 2lookfor 意为“查找”,强调查找的过程；3find 意为“发觉,找到 ”,强调查找的结果；16. endupdoingsth（. 以）终止；Imustmakegooduseofmysparetime,orIwillendupdoingnothing.endupas最终成为Hestartedasanemployeeandendedupasheadofthefirm.endupsth.表示“终止某事 ”Thescientistendeduphisspeechatlast. endupwithsth.（以 ）终止ThestudentsbeganwithspeakingEnglish,butendedupwithspeakingChinese.attheendof在末尾 intheend=atlast=finally 最终17. marryv 嫁娶(1) AmarryB.“与A B 结婚” BillmarriedMaryonJanuary1,1994. 2AandBgetmarried=AandBaremarriedA 和 B 结婚getmarried 结婚 KateandTomgetmarriedlastyear.3marryAtoB把“ A 嫁给 B” Shemarriedherdaugehrttoarichman. 4be/getmarriedtosb与 结婚18. hear短语hear 可用作及物动词,表示 “听到”、“听见”,侧重于听的结果；如：I'mverysorrytohearthat.hear后面仍可以跟 that 从句, Ihearthatyou'vebeenhereforseveralyears. 2hearof/about 是指间接地 “听到”听“说”后接名词性质的词；如：Ihaveneverheardofhimbefore我.以前从来没有听说过他；hearof 与 hearabout的意义相近它们含有 “听人说起 ”,“从书报上看到关于 ”等意义 I veneverheardofhi我m.从来没有听说过他；Haveyouheardabouthimfromanywhere.你从什么地方听到过他吗？3hearfromsb.=get/receivealetterfromsb指. “收到 的来信 ”其宾语应是人,而不是信；如：Ioftenhearfrommyparents.我常常收到父母的来信；19. get/bedressed穿衣服wear 穿,戴（强调状态）宾语可以是衣帽,也可以是饰物、奖章等；You dbetterwearblueorblackpantswithblownshoes.puton 穿,戴（强调动作）后接衣服、鞋帽等；Iwantyoutoputonthiscoatandthishat.dress给 穿衣服宾语通常是人,意思是“给 穿衣服 ”；dressoneself或 getdressed表示给自己穿衣服； It stimetowakeupandgetdressed.in 后接表示衣服或颜色的词,着重于服装的款式或颜色；它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语；Hewasinanewblackcoat.Thegirlinredismysister.20. keep 用法 1.keep+形容词2.keep+sth/sb+形容词3.keep+doing始终做某事4. keep/stop/preventsb.fromdoing.阻. 止做某事；5. keepapet饲养一个宠物6.HowlongmayIkeepthisbook？keep 指借；二、单词拼写 单句首字母填空 （共 20 小题；共 20 分）21.Io.thismorning,becausemyalarmclockdidn'tgooff. 22.Luckily,thepeopletrappedintheb.buildingwerehelpedout.23.Hewasn'tdeadafterthetrafficaccident交 通事故 andstilla.now.24.Mr.Wanga.thatwewe'llhaveapicnictomorrow. 25.Whataf.Iwastobelieveheisagoodman.26.Thebeautifulsceneofthatmountainvillagewillprobablyd.foreverbecauseofpollution. 27.Herd.aboutthewildanimalswillchangepeople'straditionalideaabouttheirbehaviors. 28.Afterthebellr.,allthestudentsrushedoutoftheirclassrooms.29.Thedoctorskeptonsavingtheoldmant.hewokeup.30.Perhapshe'lldresshimselfupasaclowninthec.party.31.Ihavenevero.,butyesterdaymyalarmclockdidn'tgooff. 32.Thechildb.hisfingerswhileplayingwithamatchyesterday. 33.Hewasstilla.afterheexperiencedtheterribleearthquake. 34.Mr.Wanga.thatwewouldhaveapicnictomorrow.35.It'sreportedthatlotsofpeopleweref.bythehoax.36.Ididn'ttakephotosoftheUFO,becausetheUFOhadd.beforeItookoutthecamera. 37.Manynewd.weremadewiththehelpofacompass.38.Sheoftenwearsapairofearr. 39.Weplayedfrombreakfastt.lunch. 40.Afriendonceinvitedmetoac.party.三、单词拼写 依据中文提示拼写单词 （共 20 小题；共 20 分）41.Assheisill,wehaveto.取消ourtriptotheWestLake. 42.Let'shopeourdifficultieswillsoon. 消逝.43.Shemadesomanymistakeswhenshegaveaspeechthatshefeltve尴ry.尬 的 . 44.Itisanew.发觉inscience.45. Theoldladykeptthelittledog.活着byfeedingitwarmmilk.46. Tommissedtheearlybusbecausehe睡.过头 . 47.ThepresidentofAmerica.宣布thatthewarinIraqhadstopped. 48.Sheisthepublicinformation.官员.49. I.取消myappointmentwithadentistyesterday.50. Whenspringcomes,iceandsnowwill.消 失.51. Hecouldn'tanswertheteacher'squestion.Hefelt.尴 尬的 . 52.Manynew.发觉weremadewiththehelpofcompass.53. Wemustworkhardwhenweare.活 着的 .54. I.睡过头 thismorningsothatIwaslateforschool. 55.They.宣布thattheyhadfoundthemurdererlastweek. 56.Whatdidthe.官员saytoyourfather.57. I'mafraidwehaveto.取消themeeting.58. Whenspringcomes,thesnowandice.消 失.59. Whentheylookedathiminsurprise,hefeltvery.尴 尬的 .60. Thereisno.发觉intheresearchforthecauseoftheearthquake.完形填空Tenyearsago,26-year-oldCivalMillswasjustdaysawayfromfinishinghishospitalinternship实习期 inSouthAfrica.Hewaslookingforwardtoabrightfuturein71.Butlater,hemetacar72.Whenhefinallywokeup,hediscoveredthathewasunabletomovea73.Hehadlocked-insyndrome闭 锁综合征 heiscompletelyconscious神志清醒 的 ,yetunabletomoveanymuscleexcepthis74."AllIcouldhearwasthesoundofthedifferentmachineskeeping me75.AndwhenIfellasleepIhad76.dreams,"Dr.Millssaid.Inthedecadeyears,althoughDr.Millshasnotcompletely77.fromthecondition,hehasmadeaprogress.Hefirstlea rnedto78.byusinghiseyemovementsto"type"wordsonaspellingchart.79.firstsentencewas,"Iloveyou,Mum."Aftertwoyearsoftreatment,heregainedmovementinhisleftthumb,whichheusedtofinishhisfirstbook oShallPass.ThisToNow,aftermany80.ofphysicaltreatment,Dr.Millscanturnhishead.He'srecentlycompletedanotherbook. "Ifyoulosehopeyouhavelostyourchanceforabetterfuture,"Dr.Millssaid.71.A.musicB.artC.medicineD.writing72.A.saleB.accidentC.showD.repair73. A.handB.footC.legD.muscle74. A.mouthB.eyesC.noseD.ears75. A.slowB.aliveC.happyD.strong76. A.goodB.terribleC.amazingD.old77. A.recoveredB.borrowedC.comeD.learned78. A.seeB.communicateC.changeD.lock79.A.HerB.HisC.MyD.Our80.A.daysB.weeksC.monthsD.years六、阅读懂得AWhenDanielwokeupyesterdaymorning,hefoundhewasabitlateforschool,sohestartedrunningtocatchthebus. Momentslater,hesawadog,butnotitslead.Hetrippedovertheleadandfelldown.Hejumpedupquickly,wentonrun ningandgotonthebus.Afterawhileanoldcoachbrokedowninthemiddleoftheroad,andthedrivercouldn'tmoveit. Itwaseighto'clock,themiddleoftherushhour,soitsooncreatedaterribletrafficjam.Thebusdrivertriedtogoroundt hecoach.Unfortunatelyataxiwascomingintheoppositedirection.Thedrivertriedtostopthetaxi,buthecouldn'tpreventtheaccidentthetaxicrashedintothefrontofthebus.Luckilynobodywashurt.WhenDanielfinallygottoschooloutofbreath,thesciencelessonhadbeenonforfiveminutes.Danielsaidsorrytoth eteacherandsatathisdesk.Hereachedoutforhisschoolbagno,itwasnowheretobefound."Whereismyschoolbag."Danielwaspuzzled.Suddenlyherealizedthathehadleftitonthebus.Badluck. 81.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tripped"mean.A. 扔掉B.拣起C.绊,绊倒D.跨过82.Whatistheorderoftheaccident.Ataxiwascomingintheoppositedirection.Thebusdriverwentroundthecoach.Anoldcoachbrokedown.Thetaxicrashedintothebus.A. B. C. D. 83.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage.A.AnUnluckyDayB.AHappyDayOutC.ATrafficAccidentD.AStrictTeacherCLet'strydoingthefollowingexperiment.WhattoDo:Usestringtohangapapercliporothersmallobjectataboutches胸t 部level. Pickupastick,suchasabroomhandle.Takethreeorfourstepsawayfromthepaperclip.Nowcloseoneeyeandwalktowardthepaperclip.Trytotouchitwiththetipofthestick.Ifyoumiss,tryagain,stillkee pingoneeyeclosed.Nowtryitwithbotheyesopenandseeifit'seasiertodo.Howitworks:Intheexperiment,youhavetojudgehowfarawaythepaperclipis.Yourbrainhasseveralwaysofdoingthis.Onesimplewaydependsonhowmuchyoureyehastofocus聚焦itself.Usingonlyoneeye,mostpeoplewillfinditdifficulttotouchthepapercliponthefirsttry,butthebrainstillge tssomeinformationaboutdistancethoughnotmuch.Yourbraincanjudgedistancemuchbetterwhenyoulookatsomethingwithbotheyes.Infact,yourbrainhasmoretha nonewaytousebotheyesinjudgingdistance.Forexample,toseeanythingclearly,youhavetomakebothofyoureye spointattheobject.Whenyoulookatanearbyobject,youreyesturninward.Youcanfeelthishappeningifyoulookat thetipofyourfingerandmoveyourfingertowardyournose.Yourbraingetsinformationfromtheeyesabouthowmuchtheyarepointingtowardeachother.Usingthatinformati on,thebraincantellhowfarawayanyobjectis,whetheritisabasketballorapaperclip.88.Howmanymaterialsdoweneedatleasttodotheexperiment.A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.89.Thepassageismainlyaboutthatwitheyesourbraincanjudge.A.howbiganobjectis B.howhighanobjectis C.howfarawayanobjectisD.howmuchinformationanobjectis 90.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage.A.Ourbrainjudgesdistanceinonewaywhenweusebotheyes.B.Ourbraincannotjudgethedistanceofasmallobjectbutabigone. C.Howmuchoureyesfocushelpsourbrainjudgethesizeofanobject.D.Howmuchoureyesfocushelpsourbrainjudgethedistanceofanobject.91. Fromtheexperimentwecaninfer推 断 .A.withoneeyewecanseeanobjectasclearlyasweusetwoeyes B.oureyesturntowardstheinsidewhenwelookatanobjectverynear C.within3or4steps,theneareranobjectis,themoreclearlywecanseeit D.ourbraincanhardlygetanyinformationaboutdistancewhenweuseoneeyeDEveryoneneedsfriends.Weallliketofeelclosetosomeone.Itisnicetohaveafriendtotalk,laugh,anddothingswith. Surely,therearetimeswhenweneedtobealone.Wedon'talwayswantpeoplearound.Butwewouldfeellonelyifwe neverhadafriend.Notwopeoplearethesame.Sometimesfriendsdon'tgetalongwell.Thatdoesn'tmeanthattheynolongerlikeeachot her.Mostofthetimetheywillmakeup 和解andgoonbeingfriends.Sometimesfriendsmoveaway.Thenwefeelverysad.Wemissthemverymuch.Butwecancallthemandwritetothe m.Itispossiblethatwewillevenseethemagain.Andwecanmakenewfriends.Itissurprisingtofindouthowmuchw elikenewpeoplewhenwegettoknowthem.Familiessometimesnametheirchildrenafteraclosefriend.Manyplacesarenamedaftermenandwomenwhohave beenfriendlytopeopleinatown.Somelibrariesarenamedthisway.Soaresomeschools.Wethinkofthesepeoplew henwegototheseplaces.There'smoregoodnewsforpeoplewhohavefriends.Theylivelongerthanpeoplewhodon't.Why.Itcouldbethatth eyarehappier.Beinghappyhelpsyoustaywell.Oritcouldbejustknowingthatsomeonecares.Ifsomeonecaresabo utyou,youtakebettercareofyourself.92.Thefirstparagraphtellsus.A.nobodyneedsfriends B.wealwaysneedfriendsaround C.makingfriendsisaneedinpeople'slives D.weneverneedtobealone93.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage.A.Peoplearenothappywhentheirfriendsleavethem B.Peoplewillneverseetheirfriendsaftertheirfriendsmoveaway C.Peoplecanknowtheirfriendsindifferentways D.Peopleliketomakenewfriendsiftheygettoknowthem94.Thepassagemainlytellsus.A. thatpeopleneedsfriendsB.thatpeopleareallfriends C.howtogettoknowfriendsD.hownameaplaceB. 依据