2022年UnitTeenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes11.docx

年级内容标题编稿老师初三学 科英语版 本人教版（新目标）Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes康文岗【本讲训练信息 】一. 教案内容：Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes二. 学习目标：Functions:1. 能够谈论答应和不答应做的事情2. 能够谈论应当被答应和不被答应做的事情3. 能够针对被答应和不被答应做的事情发表自己的观点（同意或者不同意）4. 能够表达同意或者不同意的理由三. 教案重点难点：含有情态动词（ should）的被动语态16 / 16四. 重点词和短语：1. choose one s own sth选.择某人自己的东西2. should do sth.应当做shouldn t do sth.不应当做3. a fifteen-year-old student一个 15 岁的同学fifteen-year-olds15 岁的同学 /孩子（复数）4. allow sb. to do sth.答应某人做某事allow doing sth.答应做某事5. get one s driver s 获lic得en某se人的驾驶执照6. have/get/find/look for a part-time job找/有/得到一个兼职7. get one s ears pierced=pierce one have/get sth.done使被做钉耳洞 s earshave/get one s hair cut = cut one理发 s hairhave/get the shoes repaired = repair the shoes补鞋8. be sure （ of/ about sth. ）确信某事be sure that+从句确信9. too wild= not serious enough 太鲁莽 ,不够冷静too young = not old enough太年轻 ,不够老too silly/foolish =not smart/clever enough太愚蠢 ,不够聪慧enough 足够的 + n. /sth.too.to = not + adj.+ enough to = so.that.太而不能10. stop wearing that silly earring停止戴那个愚蠢的耳环11. seem to do.好像12. look cool/clean/smart看起来酷 /洁净 /聪慧13. need to do sth需要做某事14. instead of代替、而不是15. kind of有点儿16. So do we .我们也是；17. stay up熬夜18. get to class late= be late for class上学迟到19. finish a test early很早完成考试take the test参与考试pass the test考试过关fail a test考试不及格20. be strict with sb.对某人要求严格be strict in sth对某事要求严格21. the other day几天前22. would like to do想要做23. concentrate on全神贯注concentrate energies on studying 把力气贯注于学习24. feel comfortable感觉舒服25. be good for对有益26. a good way to do sth.一个做的好方法27. keep + n. + adj.保持怎么样28. learn a lot from sb./each other从学习了很多29. at present目前30. have an opportunity to do有个机会做have a chance to do31. go back to school回校32. be a good/great experience for sb. 对某人来说是一个很棒的经受33. They both look good on me.两件我穿都好看；34. at least至少35. eight hours sleep a nig一h晚t36. perform a play表演8 小时睡眠37. take time to do things花时间做某事38. more often常常39. write for a newspaper为报社撰稿40. volunteer at the newspaper office 在报社做抱负活动41. help teach young students帮忙教学校生42. a long week of classes上一周的长课43. have Friday afternoons off星期五下午休息44. reply to sb. = answer the letter给某人回信45. get in the way of sth./doing sth.阻碍某事46. as much as sb. wants尽某人想要as much as one would like to尽某人想要做47. a running star一个田径队员48. on his school running team在他学校的田径队49. achieve one s dream实现某人抱负50. We have nothing against running.我们没有理由反对跑步；51. make decisions for sb./oneself为某人做打算52. be serious about sth对热衷、希望53. care about关怀，在乎，介意54. a chance of achieving one实s现dr梦ea想m的一个机会五. 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释1. I donntkthsiixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. 我认为不应当答应16 岁的孩子穿耳孔；（ Section A, 1b ）（ 1）当主句的主语是第一人称I 或 we，谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, guess等词时，其后的从句不能是含有not 的否定句；如要否定，须将not 提到主句；在翻译时，按汉语习惯译作否定从句；例如：“我想他不会给你打电话的；”应译为I dontthink he willgive you a call 而不是 I think he won t give you ；a call特殊提示如把此类句式变成反意疑问句，其助动词及主语要依据从句确定，而确定/否定就要依据主句来确定；We think you can help him, can我们t认yo为u.你能帮忙他，不是吗？I don t think he is a good student, is he我.认为他不是个好同学，对吗？（ 2）本句中的 sixteen-year-olds 相当于 sixteen-year-old teenagers ，意为“ 16 岁的孩子 /年轻人”；学问拓展数词和一个相应的名词单数用“- ”连接起来，可以构成一个合成形容词；常见的仍有：two-month holiday两个月的假期a sixty-pound stone 一块 60 磅的石头（ 3） get their ears pierced 属于 “get+名词 /代词 +动词的过去分词 ”结构，表示“使被做”，“请人做”；Go and get your hair cut. 你去理理发吧；Why haven t you got the work odne yet. 你为什么仍不叫人把活干了呢？2. I disagree. 我不同意； I agree. 我同意；（ Grammar Focus）（ 1） agree 意为 “赞成，同意 ”，用来表示同意某人的看法、观点等；可以单独使用，也可以接由 with, to, on 等引导的介词短语或接从句； Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow. 我们明天去动物园，好吗？ I agree. 我同意；I quite agree with you. 我完全赞成你的看法；Do you agree on this plan. 你同意这个方案吗？ 学问拓展agree with, agree to 和 agree on 都表示 “同意 ”，但用法不同； agree with 表示 “同意 ”，后面接表示人的名词或代词，也可以接表示“看法，看法 ”的名词；We all agree with him. 我们都同意他的看法；Do you agree with my ideas. 你同意我的观点吗？ 特殊提示agree with 也可以表示 “某人适应（食物、气候等）”；The weather doesn t awgitrheeme. 我不适应这种天气； agree to 表示 “同意 ”，后面接表示 “方案，建议，支配”等的名词，接动词原形时构成动词不定式结构；He agreed to our plan at last. 最终他同意了我们的方案；They agreed to come on Monday. 他们同意星期一来； agree on 表示“（两人以上）就取得一样看法，在方面看法一样”，其主语多为复数形式，宾语是表示事、方案等的名词，而不是表示人的名词或代词；They agreed on the plan.（ 2） disagree 是 agree 的反义词，相当于not agree；3. They talk instead of doing homework.他们说话而不做作业；（Grammar Focus） 本句中的 instead of 是复合介词，意思是“代替”，后面往往接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语 , of 后面的内容是被否定的；I want that book instead of this one. 我要那本书而不是这本；We went to swim instead of playing basketball.我们没有去打篮球，而是去游泳了；特殊提示副词 instead 和 instead of 意思相同，但用法却不同；instead 意为“代替，顶替”，常位于句首或句末，可不译；I didn t go to cinema. Instead, I went to go shopping.我没有去看电影，我去购物了；The water here is not good, so I drink coffee instead.这里的水不好，所以我改喝咖啡；4. -We have a lot of rules at my house. 我们家有很多规定；-So do we. 我们家也是； （ Section A, 3a）So do we.是倒装句； “ so +助动词 /系动词 /情态动词 + 主语 ”倒装句型表示前者所述的情形同样适用于后者，意思是“也是如此”；留意在时态上和前面一句保持一样；如：I like swimming, and so does he. 我喜爱游泳，他也喜爱游泳；She can speak Russian. So can her sister.她会讲俄语，她姐姐也会；【拓展】当前面一句是否定句时，用“neither/nor + 助动词 / 系动词 / 情态动词 +主语”，表示后者同前者一样，意为“也不”；如：I don t have a computer. Neither does sh我e没. 有电脑；她也没有；We have never been to Tokyo before. Neither have they.我们以前没去过东京；他们也没去过；“ so + 主语 + 助动词 /系动词 /情态动词”句型，用来加强语气，表示赞同；意思是“的确如此”；如：- It s too hot toda今y.天太热了；-So it is. 的确如此；5. We think young people should look smart and so we would like to wear our own clothes.我们想年轻人应当看起来美丽潇洒，因此我们想穿自己的衣服；（Section B,3a ）（ 1）形容词 smart 意为“聪慧的，机敏的，精明的”，相当于clever ；The dolphin is a smart animal. 海豚是聪慧的动物；He looks very smart in his suit.他穿上他的西装看起来很帅气；（ 2） would like 意为“想要”，相当于want ，后面接名词或动词不定式；I would like a cup of coffee.我想要杯咖啡；I didn t want to go to the cinema. I would like to stay at home.我不想去看电影，我想呆在家里； would like sb. to do sth. 表示“想要某人做某事”；I d like you to help me with my homework. 我想要你帮忙我做家庭作业；特殊提示feel like 也可以译为“想要”，有时可以与would like 替换；其后接名词或动词的-ing形式；She feels like a good meal. 她想美美地吃一顿；I feel like seeing a film tonight.我今晚想去看电影；6. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies. 我们老师信任，假如我们那样做了，我们就会将留意力更多地集中在服装上，而不是学习上；（ Section B,3a ）（ 1） believe 是及物动词，意为“信任”，其后可跟名词或从句；I don t believe his stor我y.不信任他的故事；I believe he told us the truth. 我认为他告知我们的是真的； believe in 表示“信任”（即trust）；She doesn t believe in God她. 不信奉上帝；（ 2）在 that if. 句中， that 放在 believe 后面用来引导一个宾语从句，而if 就在宾语从句中引导一个条件状语从句，we would. 就是条件状语从句中的主句；We are sure that if they come on time, they won t be in the rain.我们都确信，假如他们准时到的话，就不会被雨淋了；（ 3）动词 concentrate 常常构成concentrate（ .） on sth，表示“用心致志（于某件事），精神集中，全神贯注（做某事）”；I can t concentrate on my work when I我饿m了h就un无gr法y.集中精力工作；We must concentrate our attention on efficiency. 我们必需把留意力集中在效率上；7. That would be a good way to keep both teachers and students happy.那将是让老师和同学们都感到中意的方法；（Section B,3a）句中的 to keep happy是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰前面的名词way；如： I have some shores to do this morning. 今日上午我有一些家务要做； keep 的用法： keep sb./sth + adj. 表示“使保持”；句中both teachers andstudents 是 to keep 的宾语，形容词 happy 为其宾语补足语；如：Take my coat. It will keep you warm.拿上我的外套，它会使你温和些；【拓展】keep 后面仍可以加介词短语、副词、v. -ing 形式、过去分词作宾语补足语，意思是“使保持某种状态”；The work kept him in the office for a whole week.他因工作在办公室呆了整整一个星期；I ll try not to keep you waiting我.会尽量不让你久等；We ll keep you informed as soon as possible.我们会尽快让你们明白情形的；8. I know we get noisy sometimes, but we learn a lot from each other.我知道我们有时很吵， 但是我们相互之间可以学到很多东西；（Section B,3a ）（ 1）本句中的 learn.from 意为“向学习”；We used to learn English from Da Shan. 我们以前常常跟大山学英语；He never learns from his mistakes. 他从来不从错误中吸取教训； learn to do sth“学习，学会做某事”；I m lenairng to keep rabbits. 我正学着养兔子；How did Bill Gates learn to work out a software programme.比尔 ·盖茨是怎样学会设计软件程序的？（ 2） each other 意为“相互”，通常指两者之间，在句中用作宾语、定语等；You and I understand each other perfectly. 你我彼此很明白；The two girls often help each other in their lessons.这两个女孩常常在功课上相互帮忙；9. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital.去年夏天，我有机会在一家产地医院做抱负者；（Section B,3a）（ 1）本句中的 volunteer 是动词，表示“自愿做某事，当抱负者”等意思；Thousands of men volunteered when the war broke out.战争爆发时，成千上万的人当了抱负兵；We volunteered to raise the money. 我们抱负募捐；特殊提示volunteer 作名词时表示“自愿做工或无偿做工的人，抱负者”；This work costs us nothing. It s all done by volunteers.这项工作我们没有花一点钱，全是由抱负人员完成的；（ 2） local 是形容词，意为“本地的，地方的”，在句中用作定语；Following the national news we have the local news and weather.国内新闻之后是本地新闻和天气预报；She s a local girl她.特殊提示是本地姑娘；local 用作名词时，通常用复数形式，意思是“本地人，当地人”；The locals like to visit friends on weekends.当地人喜爱周末访友；10. I would like to reply to the article“ Helping and Learning”我in想y回ou答r last newsletter.你们上期简讯上“帮与学”这篇文章中的问题；（Self Check 2 ）句中的 reply 意为“回答，应答”，一般只用作不及物动词，后面与to 连用，表示“回答别人的问题、话语、信件等”；He didn t reply to my lette他r. 没有给我回信；How can you reply to my questions.你如何回答我的问题呢？11. “ Iknowmyparents care about me, ” hesays.“ 我 知 道 父 母 关 心 我 ， ” 他 说 ；（Reading）句中的 care about 为及物动词短语，意为“关怀，在乎，介意”，其后接名词或代词；The girl never cares about others. 那个女孩从不关怀别人；She didn t care about anything people might sa人y.们说什么她都不在乎；12. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.只有那时，我才有机会实现我的抱负；（ Reading）这是一个倒装句； “Only+ 状语（或从句）”位于句首时，句子应用倒装语序，其语序是： Only + 状语（或从句） + 助动词 /系动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它；再如：Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation was.只有那时，我才意识到情形有多么危急；六. 语法：被动语态1. “语态”表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系；英语中有“两态”的说法，即主动语态和被动语态，本单元中反复显现的should be allowed 就是一个含有情态动词（should）的被动语态；先看几个基本概念：主语是动作的发出者为主动语态主语是动作的接受者为被动语态只有及物动词才有被动语态；2. 被动语态的构成（ 1）请大家看图The office is cleaned every day . The office was cleaned yesterday.Compare active and passive：动作的接受者the office 成了句子的主语，就应当用被动语态；从上面的例句我们可以总结：一般现在时的被动语态为：主am / is / are （ not）过去分词一般过去时的被动语态为：主was / were 过去分词如： English is spoken in the world. This house was built 100 years ago.假如要特殊强调动作或行为的执行者，句子后面需接by ，译为“被（由）”如： We were woken up by a loud noise .我们被嘈杂的声音吵醒；（ 2）请看图从上面的例子中我们可以看出，现在进行时被动语态的构成为： 主语 is / am / are + being 过去分词再如： My car is being repaired now.Some new houses are being built near the park.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 be过去分词Teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes.The flowers should be watered every day. Water can be changed into ice by us.The English homework must be handed in this afternoon.这里我们列举了几个主要时态，那么其它时态呢？ 一般将来时 主语 will be 过去分词现在完成时 主语 have / has been 过去分词过去将来时主语 would / should + be 过去分词过去进行时主语 was / were + being 过去分词过去完成时主语 had + been +过去分词3. 被动语态的用法：（ 1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用“by动作执行者”的短语Such books are written for children.这些书是为儿童写的；I haven t been told about i没t . 有人告知我这件事；（ 2）强调动作的承担者，这时应用by 短语；The cup was broken by David.（ 3）作客观说明时，常采纳一种被动语态句型It s / was said / believed / reported / + thatIt s reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake.据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡；4. 主动语态变为被动语态把主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是：（ 1）把原句中的宾语变为主语（ 2）动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词（ 3）原先的主语，假如需要的话，放在by 后面，假如没必要，可省略；5. 被动语态的几种类型（ 1）有两个宾语的句子的被动语态（直接宾语，间接宾语）常见的接双宾语的动词有间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语保留原位；直接宾语改为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前加介词to /for ；He gave the boy an apple. The boy was given an apple. An apple was given to the boy. Her father bought her a present. She was bought a present by her father. A present was bought for her by her father.（ 2）不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态改为被动语态时，省略的to 要加上；常 考 的 动 词 有make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear sbbemade/let/had/seen/watched/notice/heard/to do sth They heard the children sing that morning. The children were heard to sing that morning.The teacher made the little boy stand in the classroom. The little boy was made to stand in the classroom by the teacher.（ 3）含有短语的主动语态变被动语态不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态；但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语 态；在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词；They take good care of my child. My child is taken good care of . I turned off the radio. The radio was t（urnbeydmoeff） .（ 4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语；We call him Xiao Wang. He is called Xiao Wang. They told him to help me. He was told to help me.6. 被动语态的几种特殊情形；（ 1）不及物动词不能用于被动语态；常考查的不及物动词有happen, take place, come out,appear 等；（ 2） sell, write, wear, wash, open, close等与副词 well, easily等连用，主动表示被动；如无well, easily 等修饰，就用主动语态；These books sell well.This kind of cloth washes well The door opens （ closes） easily.These books are sold in the bookshop.（ 3） look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem 等连系动词后加形容词作表语，主动形式表被动；The fish tastes nice.The paper feels soft.（4） needThe bike needs repairing.The bike needs to be repaired.【典型例题】单项挑选被动语态专项练习1. Good booksagain and again.A. be readB. should be readC. must readD. should read2. The childrenby the nurse.A. were lookedB. looked afterC. were looked afterD. looked3. Whenthe accident.A. was, happenB. did, happenC. is, happenD. was, happened4. The lababout five years ago.A. was buildB. was builtC. buildsD. has been built5. The picturein October, 1996.A. was takingB. had been takenC. was takenD. had taken6. Theyday and night.A. are made workB. are made to workC. made to be workedD. are making to work7. This English songoftenby the children.A. is, singingB. is, sungC. will, singD. was, sung8. Mary s radioby my brother just now.A. will be mendedB. has mendedC. was mendedD. mended9. Your exercise booksafter class.A. will hand inB. must hand in C. handed inD. must be handed in10. Some trees mayat other times of the year.A. be planted B. plant C. are plantedD. will be plantedII. 句型转换11. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. （改为一般疑问句）sixteen-year-olds to drive.12. Teenagers should be allowed to wear that earring. （改为否定句） Teenagers allowed to wear that earring.13. I think the work should be done at once.（改为否定句）I think the work be done at once.14. We shouldn t allow the students to stay up until midnig（ht改. The students to stay up until midnight.为被动句）15. The English homework must be handed in this afternoon.（改为主动句）We the English homework this afternoon.答案： 15 BCBBC 610BBCDA11. Should ； be allowed 12. shouldnbet must hand in13. don ；t should14. shouldnbetallowed 15.中考聚焦考点 1. allowPeople are not （ allow ） to smoke in some public places. （福建福州）I don t think students should be（答应） to bring mobile phones to school. （宁夏）【要点简析】 allow “答应；准许”，短语有allowsb. to do sth. （ = let sb. do sth.） / allo