2022年人教版八级英语下册Unit1-Unit3单元知识点归纳.docx

Unit 1 What s the matter.学问点总结I. 基本学问点1. What s the matter with you.怎么了？出什么事了？Whatsthe trouble/ the problem / wrongwithsb./ sth.2. I had a cold.我感冒了；have a cold=catch a cold=have the fluhavea feverhave a cough咳嗽have a stomachache胃疼,肚子疼have a toothache牙疼have a headache头疼3. 身体部位 +ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachachehead+ache=headachetooth+ache=toothacheback+ache=backache后背痛4. much too+,意为,too much+,意为；5. enough【形容、副词】足够的 /地, enough 放在名前后,形副后；good enough足够好, enough money=money money6. lie down 躺下,lie躺,躺着,过去式 lay,过去分词lie 说谎,过去式 lied,过去分词 lay,过去式,过去分词7. maybe“ 或许”,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子；Maybe you are right.maybe,是情态动词 +be 的结构,意为 “ 可能,或许 ”,后加名词、代词或形容词；He may be angry.8. soundlike+ 名 词 、 代 词 和 从 句 ： Itsoundslikeyoudontknowthe truth.sound+形容词, “听起来,似乎 ”,The music sounds nice.9. need需要,实义动词 need+名词,需要某物；need to do sth需. 要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.need doingsth. 主 语 通 常 是 物 , 表 示 被 动 的 动 作 ： Yourdirtyclothes needwashing.10. get off the bus下（公交车）get on上车11.agree同意,赞同；同意做某事,同点意某人的看法、；观12. trouble问题,麻烦；beintrouble trouble, makehave trouble/difficulty/problems in doing sth.have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth.13.rightaway=right为now=atonce,意；14.【 复 习】advice 不 可数 名词 劝告, 建 议,向,征求 意见, give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议；advise 动词 advise sb.to dosth.advisedoing.15. 【复习】 exercise动词意为,可数时意为,不行数时意为；16. hurt及物动词,使 ,疼痛, ,受伤, Hehurt his legwhile exercising.不及物动词, ,（部位）疼；His leg hurt badly.17. clean【动词】,cleantheclassroom,【形容词】,cleaner意为；18. hit（用手或器具）打；击打The boy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背, on 用在所打较硬的部位；较软的部位；hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子, in 用在所打19. beused tosth./doing sth.习惯于、适应了,、做某事,强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life.Mary is not used togettingup early in the morning.get/ becomeused to sth./ doing sth.“变得习惯,逐步适应 , ” 强调过程、动作： Its difficult for one to get used to another country s habit.20. 【复习】 free 形容词 闲暇的 free time；免费的 the drink is for free ；自由的 I want to become a free bird.be free to dofree【动词】使 ,解脱,得到自由 He could not free his arm.free from21. run out 用完,用完When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物 sth. tun out.某物用完了；人 sb. run out of 物 sth.人用完了某物； He run out of all his money last night.22. risk sth to do sth.冒着.的风险去做某事take a risk=take risks冒险risk doing .=take the risk of doing .23. the importance of doing sth.（做）某事的重要性We students should know the importance of learning English.importancen.重要 （ 性 ） ,importantadj. 重 要 的,unimportantadj.24. decision【名词】打算；选择；make a decision to do sth. decide25. be in the control of ,掌管,治理The headmaster is in the control of this new school.be out of control 无法掌握,无法治理be under control 被掌握住,在掌握之中26. 【复习】 mind 意为 介意, Would you mind my opening the window.27. give up doing sth.舍弃（做）某事, give up playing computer games；give up 后可接名词、代词和动词ing 形式,也可不接,如Never give up easily.II. 重点短语1. have a fever发烧2. have a cough咳嗽3. have a toothache 牙疼4. talk too much说得太多5. drink enough water喝足够的水6. have a cold受凉;感冒7. have a stomachache 胃疼8. have a sore back 背疼9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛10. lie down and rest躺下来休息11. hot tea w ith honey加蜂蜜的热茶12. see a dentist 看牙医13. get an X-ray拍 X光片14. take one s temperature量体温15. put some medicine on sth. 在,上面敷药16. feel very hot感到很热17. sound like听起来像18. all weekend整个周末19. in the same way以同样的方式20. go to a doctor看医生 21. go along沿着,走22. on the side of the road 在公路边23. shout for help大声呼救24. without thinking twice没有多想25. get off下车 26. have a heart problem有心脏病27. to one s surprise使. 惊奇的28. thanks to多亏了；由于29. in time准时30. save a/ones life挽救生命lose one's life31. get into trouble造成麻烦32. right away立刻；立刻33. because of 由于 34. get out of离开;从,出萍35. hurt oneself受伤36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎37. fa ll down摔倒38. feel sick感到恶心39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血40. cut his knee割伤他的膝盖41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难43. mountain climbing登山运动44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事45. run out of用完;用完46. so that以便47. so. . . that如此,以至于,48. be in control of掌管; 治理49. in a difficult situation在闲境屮50. keep on doing sth.连续或坚持做某事51. make a decision 做出打算52. take risks冒险53. give up舍弃III. 重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应留意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一样；数人第一人称其次人称第三人称称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物；如：Mariaboughtherselfa scarf.We must look after ourselves very well.2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物；如： She isn t quite herself today.3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气；如：SheherselfwillflytoLondon tomorrow.I met the writer himself last week.4. 用在某些固定短语当中；如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照料自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by onesel自f 学enjoy oneself玩得兴奋,过得开心help oneself to sth请自用,（任凭吃 /喝些,）.hurt oneself 摔伤自己say to oneself自言自语leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下buy oneself sth给.自己买 ,东西introduce oneself介绍,自己【 提示】 1.反身代 词不能 单独 做主 语, 但可以 做主 语的 同位 语,起 强调 作用； 如：我自己能完成作业；（误） Myself can finish my homework.正I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.2.反身代词表示 “某人自己 ” 不能表示 “ 某人的东西 ” ,由于它没有全部格的形式；表达 “ 某人自己的（东西） ”时,必要用 ones own.如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画；（误） Im drawing with myself crayons. 正I m drawing with my own crayons.Unit2 单元总结 .词形give-gave-givencome-came-comeput-put-putmake-made- madeset-set-set break-broke-brokentake-took-taken understand-undersot od-understood strong-stronglyfeel-feelingown-own erable-disabled-unabledifficult-difficulty different-differen ce kind-kindnesstrain-training-trainer .词组1. clean up清扫,打扫2. cheer up（使）振作起来,兴奋起来3. put up 张贴4. call sb. up = make a telephone call to sb.给放某人打电话 5. give out = hand out分发,发6. give away 捐赠；赠送7. give up 舍弃 8. tell sb. about/of sth告知某人关于某事9. in an after-school study program在课外辅导活动中 10. make a plan = plan 制定方案11. from now on从现在起12. make some notices发通知,发布通告13. come up with,提出,想出14. in an old peoples home在敬老院15. help out with ,帮忙解决某事 16. read the newspaper to the old peopl给e 老年人读报17. tell me the stories about the pas给t 我讲关于过去的故事18. used to do sth过.爱去经常做某事；曾经 19. care for = take care of = look after 照料,关20. one day（过去或将来的）某一天21. some day（将来）总有一天22. get his future dream job得到他抱负中的工作23. hard work 艰苦的工作24. work hard 努力工作25. such a strong feeling of satisfaction如此剧烈的满意感26. get better康复 27. the look of joy on their owners faces主人脸上欢乐的表情28. at the age of 在, 岁时29. try out for,参与, 选拔 30. a dream come true抱负成真31. at the same time 同时 32. put off 推迟,延期33. be busy with sth.忙于某事34. be busy doing sth忙. 于做某事 35. worry about = be worried about担忧,36. make money = earn money赚钱37. raise money for, 为, 捐钱38. in the free time在闲暇之余39. run out of 用完40. take after = be similar to = look/be like 像,41. fix up 修理,修缮42. not ,any more = no more不再43. write to sb. 给某人写信44. feel/be lonely 感到孤独45. a lonely village 一个偏僻的小乡村46. travel alone = by oneself= on one s own 独自旅行47. set up建立,创立48. make it adj. for sb. to do sth.使某人做某事,49. disabled people残疾人50. make a big difference to, 对, 有很大影响51. make no difference to 对, 没有影响52. answer the telephone接电话53. a friend of mine = one of my friends 我的一个伴侣（双重全部格）54. be excited abou,t 对, 感到兴奋55. at once = right away=立刻,立刻56. send sb. sth = send sth. to sb. 寄（送）给某人某物 57. best wishes诚心的祝愿58. be strong in = do well in = be good at善于做某事59. work out fine 产生好的结果；胜利60. in need 有需要地61. decide to do 打算做某事62. volunteer to do 义务做某事重要语言点1. not only ,but also ,不但,而且,用来连接两个并列的成分(1) 引导以not only ,but also,开头的句子往往引起部分倒装；因此 Not only do I feel good but also,.是倒装句；也是说得要把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面；如：Not only can I do it but also I can do best我.不仅能做到而且做得最好；Not only ,but also,接两主语时,谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原就如：Not only Lily but also you like cat.不仅莉莉而且你也喜爱猫；Not only you but also Lily likes cat.不仅你而且莉莉喜爱猫；常见的就近原就的结构有： Neither,nor,即不,也不,两者都不 Neither you nor I like him.Either,or,不是,就是,两者中的一个 Either Lily or you are a student. Not only ,but also,There/Here be. or.2. join参与 指参与团体、组织 如： join the Party入党take part in参与 指参与活动 如： take part in sports meeting 参与运动会3. run out与 run out ofrun out become used up. 其主语往往为物；如时间,食物,金钱,油等,本身就含有被动意义；His money soon ran out.他的钱很快就花光了；My patience has completely run out.我没有一点耐心了；Our time is running out.我们剩下的时间不多了；run out of主语为人,表示主动含义；He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子仍没有到就把钱花完了；两者在肯定条件下可以互换如： The petrol is running out.汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol.我们快把汽油用完了；Our time is running out.我们剩下的时间不多了； = We are running out oftime. 语法 .动词不定式： To do sth is . /It beadj.for/of sb. to do sth.真正的主语 v.+ to do 作宾语 /make/think/find it adj. to do （真正的宾语） v.+ sb.+ to do作宾补 , to do （作状语,表目的、结果、缘由等） 作定语,放在所修饰的词的后面 what/how to do.复合不定式 .动词短语： v.+ adv.后跟名词、代词、动名词；代词 宾格放中间 v.+ prep. v.+ adv. + prep. v.+ n. + prep.IV. 供应帮忙的交际用语1. What are you going to do when you see the hungry people当. 看到饥饿的人,你将做什么？2. What kind of volunteer work do you think you could do.你认为你能做哪种义务工作？3. What would you like to do to help the homeless people你. 想做什么帮忙无家可归的人？4. If you see these things or problems, what will you do.假如看到这些事情或问题,你将会做什么？5. Im going to set up a food bank/a charity to help the hungry people我. 准备建立一个食品救济站 /一个慈善机构来帮忙饥饿的人；6. I will work outside. 我将出去工作；7. You could help clean up the city parks你. 可以帮忙打扫城市公园；8. You could help kids with their schoolwork.你可以帮忙孩子们学习功课；9. You could start a Chinese History Club你. 可以开办一个中国历史俱乐部； .话题本单元环绕“ volunteering and charity”,向别人供应帮忙；写作中可用的重点句式： I d like to volunteer to , （想从事的抱负工作 I m strong in/I m good at, （自己的爱好和爱好） In my free time, I like to ,., soI think I can do this job well.（自己的优点怎么有助于做好该工作） I want to help out as a volunteer in your old people s home/museum,/（做这件事的理由） I m free to help in/on/at, （什么时间）becauseI ,Unit Three 学问汇总 .词形sweep-swept-sweptthrow-thr ew-thr ownlend-lent-lent drop-dropped- -droppeddepend-independent-independencedevelop-developed-developed-developing fair-fair ness-unfairII. 短语1. make polite requests =make requests politely礼貌地发出恳求2. ask for permission 恳求答应（许可）3. clean your room 打扫你的房间4. do chores 做杂活do chores at home 在家里做杂活5. discuss with sb about sth=have a discussion with sb about st和h.争论（某事）6. do the dishes 洗餐具6. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾7.fold the one s clothes叠衣服8. sweep the floor扫地9. make the onesbed 整理床铺,铺床10.clean the living room 打扫起居室11. come over （to）过来, 顺便来访 .12. All right好吧！13. Lets see咱.们想想14. Let me see让.我想想15. no problem 没问题16. go out for dinner 出去吃饭17stay out late 在外面待到很晚18. go to the movies 去看电影19. get a ride 搭车20. give sb a ride to. 让某人搭车（去 .21. work on 从事 22. finish doing sth. 完成做某事23. clean your room 打扫你的房间24. help sb out with sth帮忙某人做 .25. at least 至少at most 至多26. come home from school/ work放学/下班回家 27. be back from shopping 购物回来28. any time 随时 29. see this mess看到这样乱 30. read the story for sb为.读故事31. be angry with sb about sth（因某事）和某人愤怒32. solve the problem解决问题33. welcome sb.（ to . 欢迎某人 到.来） 34. throw down sth 扔掉/下.35. sit down in front of TV 在电视机前坐下36. take sb. for a walk 带某人去漫步37. go out for a walk 出去漫步38. all the time 始终;总是 39. all day/evening 整曰/夜40. do housework 做家务41. shout back 大声回应42. walk away 走开了43. the next day其次天 44.find the house clean and tidy 发觉房子洁净洁净的45. share the housework分担家务 46. a comfortable home 一个舒服的家47. in surprise 惊奇地,惊讶地 48. get something to drink 拿点喝的东西49. watch one show 观看一个节目 50. hang out with sb和.闲逛51. pass sb. sth=pass sth to sb把某物传给某人 52. borrow sth from sbsp从.借出.53. lend sb. sth=lend sth to sb把某物借给某人 54. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿55. hate to do sth. 厌恶做某事56. hate doing sth厌恶（做）某事57. help sb. to d o /with sth帮忙某人干某事58. bring a tent 带顶帐篷来59. buy some drinks and snacks买些饮料和小吃 60. go to the store去商店61. invite sb. to a party邀请某人参与聚会62. make sb. do sth.使某人做某事63. buy sth for sb=buy sb sth为.买.64. be careful with sth当心使用某物65. have enough stress from有来足够的来自 .的压力66. a waste of one s time 铺张某人的时间 67. get good grades取得好成果68. get into a good university 进入一所好高校 69. mind doing sth. 介意做某事70. depend on依靠;依靠71. Theres no need for sb to do sth对.来说,没必要做 .72. in order to 为了,目的是=so that =in order that.73. provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth为.供应.74. develop childrens independence进展孩子的独立才能75. look after/take care of/care for 照料76. learn how to do sth学. 习怎样做某事77. do one s part in doing sth.做某人分内的事78. keep it clean and tidy 保持洁净洁净79. understand the idea of fairness 懂得公正意识80. have no idea =don t know不知道81. as a result结果 82. fall ill /be ill生病83. Its fair for sb to do sth对某人来说,做 .是公正的III. 重点句型1.表示恳求的句型及应答语： Could /will you please do sth？确定回答： Yes, sure. / Certainly./ Of course. / No problem/OK/All right/With pleasure.否定回答： Sorry, I cant. I have to do sth/Im going to do sth/I am doing sth 2.恳求许可的句型及应答语：Could I/we do sth.确定回答： Certainly./Of course./sure./ No problem否定回答： No, you cant.& 说明理由；3. There is no need for sb. to do sth对. 某人来说有 /没有必要做某事4. It is not enough to do sth做. 5.发表观点的句式：某事仍不够I think that,./ I believe that,/ I agree that,/ I disagree that,/I think it is fair for sb. to do sth. / I think it is unfair for sb. to do sth. I think children should/ shouldnt ,.6. try not to do sth.7. learn how to do sth.8. sb. spend +时间+ in doing sth.= It takes sb.时间 to do sth 某人花费时间做某事Sb. spend some money on sth某. 人在某人 / 事上花费多少钱Sb pay some money for sth某. 人花多少钱买某物Sth. cost sb. some momey某. 物花费某人多少钱Sth. cost some momey某物值多少钱9. Neither +系动词 /情态动词 / 助动词+ 主语 ：表示“,也不”NeitherAnor B + 动词就近原就 : 表示” 既不,.也不,.”Neither of + 名词复数 /代词 +动词单三 : 表示”,（两者）中任何一个都不 , ”IV. 重点语言点 :1. help out 动词短语,表示在某人繁忙或遇到困难时 “ 赐予帮忙 ”；help 和 out 之间仍可以加入详细的 “人”； e.g. He helped me out with my task.他帮我完成了任务； They helped us out with the clean-up他. 们帮忙我们做大扫除；2. any minute now一种常见的口语表达法,相当于“随时；立刻；在任何时刻 ”的意思,表示事情有可能在极短的时间内发生或眼下就要发生；minute 仍可以用 se