2022年人教版七级下册英语语法重点.docx
精品学习资源一. 情态动词 can 的用法can+动词原形,它不随主语的人称和数而变化;1. 含有 can 的确定句:主语 +can+谓语动词的原形 +其他;2. 含有 can 的否认句:主语 +can't+ 动词的原形 +其他;3. 变一般疑问句时,把can 提前: Can+主语 +动词原形 +其他? 确定答复: Yes,主语 +can;否认答复: No,主语 +can't.4. 含有 can 的特别疑问句:特别疑问词+can+主语 +动词原形 +其他?I can speak English.I can't speak English. Can you speak English. What can you speak.二. what time和 when 引导的特别疑问句1. 询问钟点时用what time ,询问日期、月份、年份时用when;2. What's the time.=What time is it.现在几点了?3. 时刻表达法:顺读法和逆读法; 顺读法:“钟点 +分钟”直接读数字;如: 7: 05 seven five; 8:16 eight sixteen逆读法:借助介词past 或 to 表示,要先说分再说钟点;a. 当分钟不超过30 分钟时包括 30 分钟,即<或=30,用 past 表示;其结构为:“分钟 +past+整点” 意为“几点过几分” ;如: 1:25 twenty-five past oneb. 当超过 30 分钟时,即 >30,用 to 表示;其结构为: “所差分钟即60所过分钟数+to+下一个整点” , to 译成“差”,差几分钟到几点;如: 4:38 twenty-two to fivec. 当分钟为 30 分钟用 half 表示,当分钟为 15 分钟用 a quarter ;三. how 引导的特别疑问句1. how引导的特别疑问句提问交通方式,其答语分三种情形:a. take a/an/the+ 交通工具单数b. by+交通工具单数c. on/in+ 限定词 +交通工具欢迎下载精品学习资源-How do you go to school every day.-I take a bus to go to school every day./I go to school by bus every day./I go to school on the bus every day.2. how far用来提问距离,多远,其答语分为两种:1用长度单位表示: It is five kilometers.2用时间表示: It s twenty minutes walk.3. how long用来提问时间,意为多久答复常用“for+段时”;-How long have you learnt English.-For 3 years.4. how soon用来提问做完某事仍需要多长时间,用于将来时态,常用“ in+ 时间段”来答复;-How soon will you arrive in Beijing. -In 3 hours.四. 祈使句祈使句一般表示恳求、命令、劝告、号召、警告等;一般以动词原形开头,句末可以用感叹号或句号;1. 确定的祈使句:(1) 实义动词原形 +其他 : Please look at that boy.(2) be 动词原形 +形容词 +其他: Be quiet, please.2. 否认的祈使句:(1) Don t+实义动词 +原形 Don't stand there.(2) Don t be+形容词 +其他 Don't be so noisy.4 No+n./V-ingNo photos. 不许照相;No talking.不许谈话;五. 现在进行时现在进行时指当前时间正在发生的动作;常与 now ,at this moment ,listen ,look 等词连用;谓语动词结构: be+动词 ing 形式欢迎下载精品学习资源They are having class.He is eating lunch.变为否认句直接在be 动词之后加 not ,其他不变;变为一般疑问句直接把be 动词提到句首, 其他不变;They are having class. They are not having class. Are they having class. He is eating lunch. He is not eating lunch. Is he eating lunch.六. There be 结构1. There be 句型主要用以表达“某处有某人某物,强调存在”其基本结构为“There be 某物某人某地” ,有时为了强调地点,也可把地点状语放在句首;There is a book on the desk. On the desk there is a book.2. have 表示“某人拥有某人或某物,强调拥有和所属关系”;The man has two cars.3. There be 句型中的就近原就,即be 和距其最近的主语保持一样;There are some pens and a book on the floor. =There is a book and some pears on the floor.七. 挑选疑问句挑选疑问句是指说话人提出两种或以上的情形,让对方挑选是哪一种,两个挑选部分用or连接;挑选疑问句不用yes 或 no 来答复,直接在两个挑选里选一个答复;-Is she tall or short.-She is tall.-Can you play the piano or play the guitar.-I can play the piano八. 名词1. 名词单数变复数规章在英语里面, 名词分可数名词 countable noun 和不行数名词 uncountable noun ;不行数名词没有单复数之分,用时只当单数词用;可数名词有单复数之分,一个的前面要用a 或an, eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card,而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化,情形如下:1一般的词在单数词后直接+“ s”book books, pen pens, car cars, map maps, cartoon cartoons欢迎下载精品学习资源2以 s, x,sh, ch 结尾的词 +“ es” boxboxes, watch watches3以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词去掉“y”,改成“ i”,再加“ es”family families , comedy comedies(4) 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词,先去掉f 或 fe,改成“ v”再加 es knife knives,wife wives , handkerchief handkerchieves(5) 特别词,特别变化,需单独记:child children , man men, foot feet , woman women tooth teeth , sheep sheep, deer deer2. 既是可数名词又是不行数名词的单词chicken 当“鸡肉”讲时是不行数,当“小鸡”讲时可数;room 当“空间”讲时不行数,当“房间”讲时可数;fish 当食物用“鱼、鱼肉”讲时不行数,当“鱼的种类”讲时可数;hair 泛指“毛发”时不行数,当“一根或几根毛发”讲时可数;sound 意思是“一般性的声音”时,不行数,指“一次发出的声音”时可数; paper 当“纸”讲时不行数,当“试卷”、“论文”、“证件”讲时可数; time 当“时间”讲时不行数,当“时代、倍数、次数”讲时可数; exercise 泛指“锤炼”时不行数,当“练习、做操”讲时可数九. 一般过去时一般过去时表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态与现在无关 ;常与 yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等过去详细时间状语连用;He was here just now.欢迎下载精品学习资源他刚刚仍在这里;What did you do yesterday.你昨天做了什么事? 一般过去时基本结构1. 确定句形式:主语+动词过去式 +其他I was an English teacher one year ago.一年前我是一名英语老师;I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子;2. 否认句形式: was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't ,同时复原行为动词I wasn't an English teacher one year ago.一年前我不是一名英语老师;I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子;3. 一般疑问句: was/were提到句首; Did+主语 +动词原形 +其他? Were you an English teacher one year ago.一年前你是一名英语老师吗?Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗?4. 特别疑问句:特别疑问词+一般疑问句What were you one year ago.一年前你是做什么的?欢迎下载