2022年人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结299402 .docx
人教版初一上册英语学问点归纳总结人教版初一上册英语学问点归纳总结一、 48 个国际音标及 26 个英文字母的正确书写要娴熟把握元音和辅音, 5 个元音字母 a, e, i, o, u, 字母的正确占格及单词间距;二、 be 动词的用法be 动词有三种变形,分别是: am, is, are ;记忆口诀:"我"用 am, " 你"用 are, is 用于"他、她、它 "单数全都用 is,复数全部都用 are;三、人称及人称代词的不同形式 主格和宾格 1、三种人称:第一人称 I, we ,其次人称 you, you ,第三人称 he, she, it, Maria ;2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形状: I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria;3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形状: me, us, you, you, him, her, it;4、形容词性物主代词: my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their;5、名词性物主代词: mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs;6、反身代词: myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves ;四、基数词 表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one;-可编辑修改 -五、一般疑问句及特别疑问句1、一般疑问句:能用 Yes 或 No 来回答的问句;一般疑问句句尾读升调;2、特别疑问句:不能用 Yes 或 No 来回答的问句;特别疑问句句尾读降调;六、可数名词变复数可数名词变复数时,有规章变化和不规章变化两种;1、规章变化:(1) 一般情形直接在词尾加 "-s " ,如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;(2) 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的词,要在词尾加 "-es " ,如: bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes 等;(3) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词,变 y 为 i 再加"-es " ,如: baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;(4) 部分以 f e 结尾的词,变 f e 为"ves " ,如: knife-knives, half-halves等;(5) 以 o 结尾的词,加"-s " 或"-es " ,如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等;记忆口诀:除了 "英雄"hero 外,凡是能吃的,加 "-es " ,不能吃的加"-s " ;2、不规章变化:(1) 转变单数名词中的元音字母: man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth 等;(2) 单、复同形: sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;(3) 其他形式: mouse-mice, child-children等;七、简洁句的成分及主谓一样原就最基本构成:主语 +谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当;主谓一样原就, 就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一样性; 当主语是第三人称单数 简称"三单"时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式 ;当主语非 "三单"时,谓语动词就用原形;实意动词变 "三单"的规章如下:(1) 一般动词在词尾加 "-s " ,如: like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;(2) 以字母 s, x,ch, sh 结尾的动词加 "-es " ,如: guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;(3) 以 o 结尾的动词一般加 "-es " ,如: do-does, go-goes等;(4) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词,先变 y 为 i,再加"-而是",如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;(5) have 的三单形式是 has ;八、冠词的用法 名词前面必需要有冠词 冠词分为定冠词 the 和不定冠词 a, an 两种;1、定冠词 the 表示"特指",可译为 "这个"、"那个"、"这些"、"那些";2、不定冠词 a, an 用来说明 可数名词的数量是 "一个";an 用于以元音开头 留意不是以元音字母开头 的单词前, a 就英语非元音开头的单词前;3、不定冠词 a, an 与基数词 one 的区分是: 不定冠词不是刻意强调 "数量",而基数词就强调 "数量";九、助动词 do, does 的用法只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词;以like 为例:(1) 当句子为确定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及"主谓一样 "原就;eg : I like English a lot.Michael likes Chinese food very much.(2) 当句子为否定句时,要依据主语的人称来打算使用相应的助动词:当主语为" 三单"时,要使用 does; 当主语为 "非三单"时,用助动词原形 do;例如把以下句子变否定句:Kangkang likes math.-Kangkang doesn't like math. They like sports.-They don't like sports.(3) 当句子变疑问句时, 同样要依据句子的主语来打算在句首使用Do 或 Does. 例如以下句子变问句:Michael likes Chinese Food.-Does Michael like Chinese food. Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.Jane and Helen like music.-Do Jand and Helen like music. Yes, they do./ No, they don't.十、名词全部格1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;2、用 of 表示". 的",但要从 of 后往 of 前翻译: a book of mine 我的一本书 3、have 与 of 的区分:have 一般表示 "主动拥有 ",往往用于有生命的人或动物 ;无生命的物体一般不能 "主动拥有 ",表示所属关系时要用 of ;例如: I have a new bike. She has two big eyes. a door of the house十一、初一英语上册学问点之课本中的学问点1、Unit 1 -Unit 2(1) 问候语:Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.How are you.-Just OK, thank you.How are you.-Not bad, thanks. Hi. Hello.How do you do.(2) 道别用语:Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.meet用于初次见面, see 用于熟人间 Nice to meet/ see you, too.Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you later/ tomorrow/ next time. So long. Good night.(3) 介绍人或者物的句型: This is. 4Excuse me. 与 I'm sorry. 的区分:Excuse me. 是要引起对方的留意,而 I'm sorry. 就是向对方赔礼;(5) 词组 be from = come from(6) 当问句中问到 this/ that 时,回答要用 it;问到 these/ those 时,要用 they 来回答; 例如: What's this in English.-It's an eraser.What are those.-They are books.(7) 对 Thanks. 的回答: That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.(8) look the same = have the same looks give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.be like = look likein the tree/ on the tree 树上结的、长出来的用 on ,否就用 in in red 穿着红色的衣服 in the desk 在空间范畴之内 in English 用英语 help sb. do sth.(9) both 与 all 的区分:both 表示"两者都."all 表示"三者及以上都 ." ;2、Unit 3-Unit 4(1) speak 的用法speak 与 say 不同: speak 表示"说"的动作,不表示 "说"的内容;say 就表示"说"的内容;speak 后面除了能接 "语言"外,不能直接接东西, 后面加了 to 就表示"对说";help sb. with sth. 帮忙某人做 /补习want to do sth. 想要做某事 would like to do sth.not.at all 一点都不 ;Not at all. 没关系/别介意 like.a lot = like.very much(2) some 和 any 的区分:口诀: some 用于确定句,否定、疑问变 any ;例如: I have some money.I don't have any money. Do you have any money.(3) have a seat = take a seat请任凭坐 (4) 祈使句表示命令或恳求的句子 祈使句一般都省略了主语 You ,所以其否定句直接用Don't 开头;例如:Don't go there.(5) 问职业: What does sb. do.What is sb.What's sb.'s job.(6) work 与 job 的区分:work 是未必有酬劳的 "工作",例如 homework, housework;而 job 就肯定是有酬劳的"工作";(7) on 指在物体的表面,不论这个面是否水平的,例如:on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground(8) in hospital 住院;in the hospital 在医院里 look after 照管/照管/照看help oneself 请自便/任凭吃(9) 表示"建议"的句型: "做某事如何 ." What about doing sth. 英式英语 How about doing sth. 美式英语 Why don't you do sth. = Why not do sth.(10) "吃"一日三餐要用 have : have breakfast/ lunch/ supper have.for breakfast/ lunch/ suppertake one's order be kind to sb.(11) try on 这个词组可合可分:名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面,但代词只能放在词组的中间;(12) 在口语中往往用 take 表示"买";(13) how many 与 how much 的区分:how many +可数名词 ;how much +不行数名词(14) What do you think of.是询问对方对某事物的看法 ;How do you like.是问对方对某事物喜爱的程度;think about 考虑Thank you all the same. 即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢 Thanks. = Thank you.thank作为动词,不能单独使用; 15one 与 it 的区分:当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用one 来代替;假如上下文所说的是同一个事物时就用 it;例如:Ann : I have a yellow bag. Jane:I have a green one.Tom: Hey, Mike. Where is your bike.Mike: Look, it's over there.(16) 倒装句Here you are. Here it is.(17) be free 有空/免费forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事 What's up. = What's wrong with. = What's the matter with. 18go + v.-ing结构的含义:为了实现某目的才去的;例如:go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等(19) have to do sth. 非主观因素,强调客观因素, "不得不去做某事 " must就表示主观愿望(20) fly a kite = fly kites be free = have time(21) 句型"该干某事了; ":It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.例如:该吃午饭了 .It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.(22) 时间的表述当分针所指的时间大于0 分、小于等于 30 分钟时,用 "分钟"past" 小时";例如: 8:23-twenty-three past eight当分针所指的时间大于30 分钟、小于 60 分钟时, 用"剩余的时间 "to" 下一个整点";例如:8:49-eleven to nine当然,仍可以直接依据小时、分钟去读出时间,例如:8:23-eight twenty-three; 8:49-eight forty-nine整点就在数词后加 "-o'clock" ,例如: 8: 00-eight o'clock在钟点前介词要用 at.介词的用法英语学问点介词的用法英语学问点介词用法:1) 详细时间前介词用 at ;. He gets up at half past seven every day.他每天七点半起床;She goes to bed at eleven oclock.她十一点睡觉;2) 表示“在早上,在下午,在晚上”的短语中用介词 in,且定冠词 the 不能省略 ;表示“在中午,在夜里”的短语中介词用 at,不加冠词;in the morning在早上, in the afternoon在下午, in the evening在晚上at noon 在中午, at night 在夜里3) 表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短语用介词on;What do you usually do on Monday morning.星期一上午你通常做什么 .Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening.有时你星期五晚上出去吃饭吗.He watches DVDs on Saturday night.星期六晚上他看 DVD ;Parents take children to parks on June 1.六月一日,家长们带着孩子去公园;4) 在 this, last, next, every等词前面既不加介词,也不用冠词;What are you doing this afternoon.今日下午你做什么 .He visits his grandma every Friday.他每个星期五都去探望祖母;She is going to Shanghai next Monday.她下个星期一去上海;