2022年人教版初中英语知识点归纳总结.docx

人教版英 语中考分 册复习 学问点Unit 1-Unit 2重点句型1. My name s Jenny. I m Gina. Nice to meet you.2. What s your/his/her name. My/His/Her name is .3. What s your/his/her family/first name.4. What s your telephone number. It s 2-911876.5. What s his/ htelrephone number.6. What s this/that in English. It s a ruler.7. Is this/that your pencil. Yes, it is./No, it isn t.8. How do you spell pencil./Spell pencil./Can you spell pencil.9. Is that your computer game in the lost and found case.10. Call Alan at 495-3539.重点语法be 在一般 现在时中的基本用法： I 用 am, you 用 are,is 跟着他 她它 ；In England, people eat fish and chips.The Chinese people（民族） is a great people.5. 名词性物主代 词 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs 等作主 语时 , 谓语动词 的数取决于该代词所表示的意 义是单数仍是复数 ；His parents are young, but mine are old.6. 以 s 结尾的名 词本身不表示 复数 意义时 , 谓语动词 通常用 单数形式,如 news, physics, politics , maths 等；No news is good news.Physics is the most difficult subject for him.7. 由 or,either or ,neither nor,not only but also等词连接名 词或代 词作主语时 ,谓语动词 的数和最接近的主 语一样；Neither you nor Li Hua has been to Shanghai before.8. 以 there, here 开头的句子,如主 语不止一 个,其谓语动词 的形式和 邻近的那 个主语一样；There is a table and four chairs in the room. Here are some books and paper for you.9. trousers,clothes,glasses,compasses,chopsticks 等作主 语时 , 谓语动词 用复数 ；但假如前面有 a pair of 短语时 ,谓语动词 用单数 ；语动词 用复数 ；The old are good taken care of ；15 Many a 意为“很多”,但因后面跟的是 单数 名词, 谓语动词应用单数 形式；Many a student has passed the exam；练习 ：1 The newsfor my brother ；A. areB. wereC. beD. is2A boy with two dogswhen the earthquake rocked the city ；A. were sleepingB. is asleepC. was sleepingD. are asleep3. Everyone except Tom and Johnthere when the meeting began；A. areB. isC. wasD. were4. Neither he nor Ifrom Canada ；We are from Australia；A. isB. areC. amD. be5. Jim works hard on his Chinese and；A. so Lucy doesB. so is LucyC. so does LucyD. so Lucy isHe ,she ,it 用 is, we, you they 都用 are；单数 名词用 is, 复数名词Jim s trousers are brown. The pair of glasses is Mr. Green6s.Jenny and her parentsgoing to visit the Palace Museum都用 are；be 的几 种形式： is, am, are being was, were been 主谓一样：主谓一样的 15 种常考情 况：1. 表示 时间 ,重量, 数目,价格, 长度, 数学运 算等的 词或短语作主 语时 , 尽管他 们是复数 形式,但假如把 这些复数 形式的 词或短 语看作是一 个整体, 谓语动词 用单数 形式；Two months is quite a long time.Twenty dollars is enough.2. 动词 不定式, 动名词, 从句或不行 数名词作主 语时 , 谓语动词用单数；To see is to believe.It is not easy to master a foreign language.3. 由 and 连接两个成分作主 语时 ,要依据其表示的意 义来决 定谓语动词 的形式；假如其表示的是一个整体的 概念或指的是同一事物, 谓语动词 用单数 ,假如其表示的是 两个 不同的 对象时, 谓语动词 用复数 ；The writer and the teacher are coming. The poet and teacher is one of my friends.4. 集合名 词 people,police 一般看作 复数意义,其谓语动词 用复数；另外一些集合名 词 family , enemy, class, army 等作主 语时 ,谓语动词 是用 单数仍 是复数 ,要依据 这些词在句中的 实际 含义而定； 当他们表示的是整体意 义时 , 谓语 用单数 ； 当他们强调个 体成员时, 谓语动词 用复数形式；10. 由“ a lot of/lots of/plenty of+ 名词”或“分数+名 词”作主 语时 , 谓语动词 的单复数 依据名 词的单复数 而定；A lot of people have been to London. Three-fifths of the water is dirty.11. “ anumber of +复数名词”作主 语时 ,谓语动词 用复数 ；“ thenumber of+ 复数 名词”作主 语时 , 谓语动词 用单数；A great number of birds fly to the south in winter.The number of lions does not change much if people leave things as they are.12. 代词 something ,anything ,nothing ,everyone,anybody,nobody ,each, neither, either, little ,much, one 等作主 语时 , 谓语动词用单数形式；Neither of us is a boy ；Each of them has an English dictionary ；One of the students was late for school ；13. All , some none, most, any 等代 词作主 语时 ,如其指 复数概念, 谓语动词 用复数 形式；如其指 单数 形式, 就谓语动词 用单数形式；Not all work is difficult；Not all the students are here；14. 有些形容 词前面加上定冠 词 the,如 the poor,the old,the yong, the rich ,the dying 等用 来表示一 类人时,主语为复数意义,谓tomorrow ；.A. isB. amC. areD. be7. Henry , with his friends ,volleyball every afternoon ；A. playB. playsC. has playedD. have played8. Fish and chipsthe most take away food in England ；A. areB. isC. wereD. was9. My familyearly in the morning ；A. getB. getsC. has gotD. have got 10 Mathsmy favorite subject ；A. beB. isC. amD. are11. How time flies. Three yearsreally a short time.A. isB. areC. wasD. were12. liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars.Of them are the pride of China.A. BothB. NeitherC. AllD. None13. Are the twins on the football team.-No, neither of themon the team.A. isB. areC. wereD. be14. Not only his parents but also his grandfatherto a lot of places of interest in our country since hey came here.A. has goneB. has beenC. have goneD. have been 15.There are enoughin the fridge. We don t need to buy any.A. milkB. tomatoesC. tomatosD. apple16. A report says hundreds and thousands of treesin the Amazon rainforest last year.A. was cut downB. have been cut downC. were cut downD. had been cut downUnits3-4 复习要点1、介 绍家庭成 员This/That is my sister/brother/motherThese/Those are my parents/grandparents12） Don t touch.not a cat,a tiger. it 13）sister is ill. Please go and get. she 14） The girl behindis our friend. she 三、其他代 词（有反身代 词,指示代 词,不定代 词,疑问代词,相互代 词和关系代词）1、反身代 词：表示某人自己的代 词人称单数复数数第一人 称myselfourselves其次人 称yourselfyourselvesIs this/that your sister/brother . Yes, it is./No, it isn t. Are these/those your parents/grandparents.第三人 称himself herselfthemselvesYes, they are./No, they aren t.There are 3/4/5 people in my family. They are my father, my mother, and I.2、关于方位介 词或短语练一练：1、按要求 写出相应人称代词；I（ 宾格）she（形容 词性物主代 词） we（名 词itself反身代 词在句中可作 宾语 、同位 语、表语等,在使用 时应 留意 它和它所指代的名 词和代词在人称、性、 数上的一样性；Little Jimmy can dress himself now ；表方位的介 词或短 语有：in,on ,under,behind,near,next to,in front性物主代 词）he（ 复数 ） us（ 单数 ）小吉米 现在能自己穿衣服了； （作 宾语 ）of,across from,My book is on my desk, my pen is in my book theirs（主格） 2、想一想,把下表 补充完整；its （ 宾格）The boy in the picture is myself , not anyone else；照片上的男孩不是 别人,正是我自己； （作表 语）Where is the backpack/pencil Where are the books/pens/ballsIt .s in/on/under.They.are in/on/under.I myself made the mistake about your address ；我自己把 你的地址 搞错 了；（作同位 语）3、把 带去给某人 take toe.g:Please take these things to yoursister.把 带来给 某人 bring toe.g:Can you bring my homework to school.二、代 词 有两种：人 称代词和物主代 词；1、人 称代词分为：第一、其次、第三人称,且有 单复数 之分；2、人称代词的主格在句中做主 语,一般用在 动词 前（疑 问句除外）；3、用所 给词的适当形式填空；1） That is notkite. That kite is very small, but is very big. I 2） The dress is. Give it to. she 四、指示代 词指示代 词 是用 来指示或 标示人或事物的代词,表示 “这个（些） ”“那个（些） ”,他 们主要有：单数复数近指this 这个these 这些远指that 那个those 那些宾格在句中做 宾语,多用于 动词 、介词后；3） Is thiswatch. you No, it s not. I 1. this, these往往指 时间或空 间较近的人或物； that,those 可指 时3、形容 词性物主代 词起形容 词的作用,后面肯定要跟名词,表示该名词是属于谁的；4、名 词性物主代 词=形容词性物主代 词+名词；如：This is my bag. = This is mine.That is her ruler. = That is hers. 一般看后面有 没出名 词,如有,就用形容 词性物主代 词；如无, 就用名 词性物主代 词；请牢登记表：4） is my brother.name is Jack. Look. Thosestamps are. he 5） dresses are red. we What color are. you 6） Showyour kite, OK. they 7） I have a beautiful cat.name is Mimi. These cakes are . it 8） Are thesetickets. No,are not. aren t here. they 9） Shallhave a look at that classroom. That is classroom. we 10） is my aunt. Do you knowjob.a nurse. she 间或空 间较远 的人和物；This gift is for you and that one is for your brother.这件礼物是你的,那件是 你弟弟的 .this 近指 ,that 远指 I like these games but Idon t like those.我喜 欢这 些嬉戏,但不喜 欢那些 .these 近指,those 远指2. that,those 常常用 来代替前面已提到过的名 词, 以防止重 复；those 代指 复数 形式, that 代指 单数形式；The computer works faster than those we bought last year ；这些运算机比我 们去年买的工作速度快；The life in the country is more peaceful than that in the city；乡村生活比城市的生活要安静；11） Where are. I can t find. Let s call parents. they 对于上文中所提到的事物,英语中常用 that 或 those 表示,而汉语 却常用 “这”表示；如：I had a bad cold；That s why I didn t attend the；lecture我感冒了, 这就是我 为什么没 去听 讲座的缘由；Those are the DVDs you want ；这就是你要的 DVD 碟片；Units 5-6重点句型：Do you have a basketball.Yes, I do./No, I don t.knives, halves, wolvesThe thief s wife killed three wolves with some leavensdaknives in half of her life.但是 ,也有一些 +s,如 roofs, proofs, gulfs, beliefs, handkerchiefs / handkerchieves : 不规章的可数名词变复数 的规章 ：1. man men, woman women, tooth teeth, foot feet, child children, mouse mice,2. 单复数 相同 : sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese,fish 如表示不同 种类的鱼时复数 是 fishes; There are many kinds of fishes in that lake.3. 以 man, woman 修饰名词构 成合成 词时 ,两个词 都变化. man servant men servants男仆 .boy/girl students woman doctor women doctors.4. 复合名 词的复数 形式 :son-in-law-sons-in-law主体名 词变化 film-goer-film-goers, grown-upgrown-ups假如 没有主体名 词,在词尾加复数 politics, 等；（ news）12. glasses, trousers, scissors, shoes, spectacles,等常用复数 ；但假如 这些词前用 a pair of/ this pair of/that pair of 等修 饰时谓语动词 有 pair 来决 定；Where are my glasses ？My new pair of trousers is too long. Here are some new pairs of shoes.13. 不行 数名词没有复数 形式,假如表示 “一个”的概念,可用单位词；a piece of news / information / advice / bread / cake / paper / meat / coala bottle of ink,a grain of rice , a cake of soap说明：可数名词和不行 数名词之间并没 有截然的界限；可 数名词可以转变为 不行 数名词,同样不行 数名词也可以 转变为 可数名词,要看 清整个上下文的详细 内容；三. 名词的全部格； .有生命的名 词全部格的 构成：A. 一 般 在 词 尾 s.the teacher osffice, XiaoLi ssister sLet s watch T. V That sounds great.No, that sounds boring.5.字母 ,阿拉伯 数字的复数形式一般加 “ 或s “”s”.There are two l s in the word“ all”.husband s mother.B. 以 s 结尾的复数 名词只加 workers resthomes. theDo you like hamburgers. Yes, I do./No, I don t.I like French fries.I don t liktoematoes.重点语法:名词一.名词的分 类:名词分为专出名 词和一般名 词；专出名 词指个人, 地方 ,机构等专出名称. 如： China, Shanghai, Li lei ；一般名 词又分为个体名词: 某类人或东西中的 个体.如 fighter, gun, country, 集体名词:如干 个体组成的集合体 .如 family, team, police, class物质名词：无法分 为个体的实物；如 cotton, tea, air,抽象名 词 : 动 作 , 状态 , 品质 , 感情等抽象 概 念 . 如 : health, happiness.个体名词和集体名 词又叫做可 数名词.物质名词和抽象名 词又叫做不行 数名词.二.名词的数；可数名词都有 单数和复数之分； : 规章的可数名词变复数 的规章如下：1. 一般情 况加 s : books, mouths, houses, girls2. 以 s, sh, ch, x 结尾的 es: classes, boxes, matches3. 辅 音字母+y 结 尾的 变 y 为 i, 再加 es: cities,countries, parties,factories4. 以 o 结尾的词多数+esheroesNegroespotatoestomatoes zeroes / zeros以 o 结 尾 并 且 词 尾 有 两 个 元 音 字 母 +sradios,zoos, bamboos , pianos ,kilos photos是特殊 5. 以 f, fe 结尾的改 f,或 fe 为 v,再+es,例如 :leaves, lives, wivesIt happened in the 1960 s /1960s.I will not accept your if s and but s.6. 物质名词一般 没有复数,有时用复数 形式表示不同 种类 , wheats, fruits, vegetables,有 时表示更广的 词义 , wood woods,water waters,sand sands7. 定冠 词加姓氏的 复数表示一家人；the Turners, the Smiths,the Wangs.8. 集体名 词 people, police, cattle 总是作 复数, people 作民族, 种族时有单复数两种 形式 Many cattle are kept.Several police were on duty.The Chinese are a brave and hard-working people. The English are a funny people.9. 集 体 名 词 class, public, family, population, team, crew, committee 等单复数 都有,但意 义不同；The class is big The class are taking notes in English.The population in China is larger 80% of the populationin China are peasants.10. hair , fruit 通常作 单数,表示 总体；His hair is grey. a rich harvest of fruit假如表示如干根 头发,表示 种类的水果 时,可以加 复数词 尾；He had a few white hairs.What fruits are on sale in this season .11. 以 s 结尾的 学 科名 词只作 单数 ； mathematics , physics,masses requestC. 不以 s 结尾的复数名词加 s.childrentsoysWomen s DayD: 复合名 词 只在最终一 个词 的后面加 s. my sister-in- law s brother.E: 表示共同全部的几 个名词,只在最终一 个词的后面加 s.This is Tom, James and Dick s room.F: 表示各 个全部关系的几 个名词,在每 个名词后分别加 s.Jenny s, Jean s and Mary s rooms face to the south.G: 名词短语只在最终一 个词后加 s. a quarter of an hour s talk. . 名词全部格的用法：1. 名词全部格主要用于表示有生命的名词,表示所 属关系；Lei Feng s dairyt.he Working People s Palace of Culture.2. 也可用于表示 时间 的名词；today s paper.an hour s drive.Friday s work.3. 也可用于表示地理、 国家、城市等名 词；the country s platnh.e farm s fruit.China s population.4. 也可用于表示由人 组成的集体名 词；our Party s st（an党d 的立 场）5. 也可用于表示度量、价 值的名 词；two dollars worth of books.a pound s weight. 现代英语中, 这种用法越 来越多； .凡不能用 s属格的情 况可用 of 属格表示所 属关 系；the City of New Y ork.a map of China.特殊是以下情 况要用 of 属格：当 名词有较长的定语时 ,the name of the girl standing at the gate.Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday. 所修 饰的名词前有数量词时,a play of Comrade Li ss.ome friends of my brother s . 所修 饰的名词前有一 个指示代 词时,that performance of the teachers . .双重全部格：当 of 前面的名 词有不定冠 词、指示代 词、疑 问代词、不定代词或数词如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four,any, some, several, no, few ,another 等修饰时 ,用双重全部格, 双重全部格只用于表示人的名词并且都是特指的；a poem of Lu Xun s . a friend of his/hers . Which novel of Dicken s are you reading . some friends of my brothers .5.几种特殊情 况：the key to the door.keys to the exercises. notes to the textanswers to the questionA.MTVB CAACC.CCTVD. WTO7-Can you tell me whenis .- Yes. It s on the third Sunday in June. A Mother s Day B.Father s DayC. Tree Planthing DayD .Thanksgiving Day8.Whereis Tom . He sleft asaying that he has something important to do .A excuseB sentenceC messageD news9 If you want to know the meaning of a word ,you can look it up in a.A diaryB diagramC newspaperD dictionary10. The waiter or the waitress usually gives us abefore we order dishes in a restaurant.A menuB billC listD form11. Someare flying kites near the river A childB boyC boysD childs12.-What would you like to drink,girls.A Two cup of coffeeB Two cups of coffee C Two cups of coffeeD Two cup of coffees13. My school is about twentywalk from hereA minuteB minutes C minute sD minutes重点句型1 How much is the red sweater.It s eight dollars.2 How much are these white pants.They re ten dollars.3 Can I help you .What color do you want .Here you are .I ll take it/them.4 When is your birthday.My birthday is January fifteen. 5 How old are you.I m thirteen.6 When is the school trip.It sthA. pril 19重点语法基数词的构成及用法 构成：11-12 的表述 1-12 各有各的形式, 即 one,two,three,four ,five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve；213-19 的表述 13-19 的数字皆以 -teenti：n结尾,其中,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen 和 nineteen 分别由 four ,six,seven, eight,nine 加后缀-teen 变成的,eighteen 中只保留一 个 t；thirteen , fifteen 分别由 three 和 five 转花而来；320-90 数字的表 达 20-90 的数字皆以 -ty 结尾,其中,sixty,seventy,eighty, ninety 分别由 six,seven,eight和 nine 加后缀 ty 构成,tickets for the film/movie14. It sbedroom . It s clean and tidy.eighty 中只保留一 个 t；其他同上；a check for $1500.anyone else s book. the monument to the people s heroes.A .Lily ang lucyB .Lily ang Lucy s C .Lily s ang Luck D. Lily ang Luck s420-99 之间的数字的表 达 20-99 之间的数词须 在十位和 个位之 间加连字符 “-”,如 twenty-five ；the entrance to the station/cinema15. They are tho