2022年人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结2.docx
人教版初一上册英语学问点归纳总结一、48 个国际音标及 26 个英文字母的正确书写要娴熟把握元音和辅音, 5 个元音字母 a, e, i, o, u,字母的正确占格及单词间距;二、be 动词的用法be 动词有三种变形,分别是: am, is, are;记忆口诀:" 我" 用 am, " 你" 用 are, is用于" 他、她、它 " 单数全都用 is ,复数全部都用 are ;三、人称及人称代词的不同形式 主格和宾格 1、三种人称:第一人称 I,we,其次人称 you,you ,第三人称 he, she, it, Maria;2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形状:I,We,You, You, He, She, It, Maria;3、人称代词的宾格, 即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形状: me, us, you, you, him, her, it;4、形容词性物主代词: my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their;5、名词性物主代词: mine, ours,yours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs;6、反身代词: myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves;四、基数词 表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-nine,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one;五、一般疑问句及特别疑问句1、一般疑问句:能用 Yes 或 No来回答的问句;一般疑问句句尾读升调;2、特别疑问句:不能用Yes或 No 来回答的问句;特别疑问句句尾读降调;六、可数名词变复数可数名词变复数时,有规章变化和不规章变化两种;1、规章变化:(1) 一般情形直接在词尾加 "-s ",如: cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;(2) 以 s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加 "-es ",如: bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;(3) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词,变 y 为 i 再加"-es ",如: baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;(4) 部分以 f e结尾的词,变 f e为"ves ",如: knife-knives, half-halves等;(5) 以 o 结尾的词,加 "-s "或"-es ",如: zoo-zoos, photo-photos,tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等;记忆口诀:除了 " 英雄"hero 外,凡是能吃的,加 "-es ",不能吃的加 "-s ";2、不规章变化:(1) 转变单数名词中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;(2) 单、复同形: sheep-sheep,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese 等;(3) 其他形式: mouse-mice, child-children等;七、简洁句的成分及主谓一样原就最基本构成:主语 +谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当;主谓一样原就,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一样性;当主语是第三人称单数 简称" 三单" 时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式 ; 当主语非" 三单" 时,谓语动词就用原形;实意动词变 " 三单" 的规章如下:(1) 一般动词在词尾加 "-s ",如: like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;(2) 以字母 s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加 "-es ",如: guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;(3) 以 o 结尾的动词一般加 "-es ",如: do-does, go-goes等;(4) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词, 先变 y 为 i ,再加"- 而是" ,如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;(5) have 的三单形式是 has;八、冠词的用法 名词前面必需要有冠词 冠词分为定冠词 the 和不定冠词 a, an两种;1、定冠词 the 表示" 特指" ,可译为 " 这个" 、" 那个" 、" 这些" 、" 那些" ;2、不定冠词 a, an 用来说明 可数 名词的数量是 " 一个" ;an 用于以元音开头 留意不是以元音字母开头 的单词前, a 就英语非元音开头的单词前;3、不定冠词 a, an 与基数词 one 的区分是: 不定冠词不是刻意强调 " 数量" , 而基数词就强调 " 数量" ;九、助动词 do, does 的用法只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词;以like为例:(1) 当句子为确定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及" 主谓一样 " 原就;eg : I like English a lot.Michael likes Chinese food very much.(2) 当句子为否定句时,要依据主语的人称来打算使用相应的助动词:当主 语为" 三单" 时,要使用 does; 当主语为 " 非三单" 时,用助动词原形 do;例如把以下句子变否定句:Kangkang likes math.-Kangkang doesn't like math.They like sports.-They don't like sports.(3) 当句子变疑问句时, 同样要依据句子的主语来打算在句首使用Do或Does.例如以下句子变问句:Michael likesChinese Food.-DoesMichaellikeChinese food. Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.Jane and Helen likemusic.-DoJand and Helen likemusic. Yes, they do./ No, they don't.十、名词全部格1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;2、用 of 表示".的" ,但要从 of 后往 of 前翻译: a book of mine我的一本书 3、have 与 of 的区分:have 一般表示 " 主动拥有 " ,往往用于有生命的人或动物 ; 无生命的物体一般不能" 主动拥有 " ,表示所属关系时要用of ;例如:I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.a door of the house十一、初一英语上册学问点之课本中的学问点1、Unit 1 -Unit 2(1) 问候语:Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.How are you.-Just OK, thank you. How are you.-Not bad, thanks.Hi. Hello.How do you do.(2) 道别用语:Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.meet用于初次见面, see 用于熟人间 Nice to meet/ see you, too.Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you later/tomorrow/next time.So long.Good night.(3) 介绍人或者物的句型: This is. 4Excuse me. 与 I'm sorry.的区分:Excuse me. 是要引起对方的留意,而 I'm sorry.就是向对方赔礼;(5) 词组 be from = come from(6) 当问句中问到 this/ that时,回答要用 it;问到 these/ those时,要用 they 来回答; 例如: What's this in English.-It's an eraser.What are those.-They are books.(7) 对 Thanks. 的回答: That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur. 8look the same = have the same looksgive sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.be like = look likein the tree/ on the tree 树上结的、长出来的用 on,否就用 in in red穿着红色的衣服 in the desk在空间范畴之内 in English用英语 help sb. do sth.9both与 all的区分:both 表示" 两者都."all表示" 三者及以上都 .";2、Unit 3-Unit 4 1speak的用法speak 与 say 不同:speak 表示" 说" 的动作, 不表示" 说" 的内容 ;say 就表示" 说" 的内容;speak 后面除了能接 " 语言" 外,不能直接接东西,后面加了to 就表示 "对.说" ;help sb. with sth.帮忙某人做 / 补习want to do sth.想要做某事 would like to do sth.not.at all一点都不 ;Not at all.没关系/ 别介意 like.a lot = like.very much(2) some 和 any 的区分:口诀: some用于确定句,否定、疑问变 any;例如: I have some money.I don't have any money.Do you have any money.(3) have a seat = take a seat请任凭坐 (4) 祈使句 表示命令或恳求的句子 祈使句一般都省略了主语 You,所以其否定句直接用Don't开头;例如:Don't go there.(5) 问职业:What does sb. do.What is sb.What's sb.'s job.(6) work与 job 的区分:work 是未必有酬劳的 " 工作" ,例如 homework, housework; 而 job 就肯定是有酬劳的 " 工作" ;(7) on 指在物体的表面,不论这个面是否水平的,例如:on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground(8) in hospital住院;in the hospital在医院里 look after照管/ 照管/ 照看help oneself请自便/ 任凭吃9 表示" 建议" 的句型: " 做某事如何 ."What about doing sth. 英式英语 How about doing sth. 美式英语 Why don't you do sth. = Why not do sth.(10) " 吃" 一日三餐要用 have: have breakfast/ lunch/ supper have.for breakfast/ lunch/ suppertake one's orderbe kind to sb.(11) try on这个词组可合可分:名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面,但代词只能放在词组的中间;(12) 在口语中往往用 take 表示" 买" ;13how many 与 how much的区分:how many + 可数名词 ;how much +不行数名词14What do you think of.是询问对方对某事物的看法 ;How do you like.是问对方对某事物喜爱的程度;think about考虑Thank you all the same. 即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢 Thanks. = Thank you.thank作为动词,不能单独使用; 15one 与 it的区分:当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用one 来代替; 假如上下文所说的是同一个事物时就用 it ;例如:Ann :I have a yellow bag. Jane : I have a green one.Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike. Mike : Look, it's over there.(16) 倒装句Here you are.Here it is.(17) be free 有空/ 免费forget to do sth.忘了去做某事 forget doing sth.忘了做过某事 What's up. = What's wrong with. = What's the matter with. 18go + v.-ing结构的含义:为了实现某目的才去的;例如: go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等(19) have to do sth.非主观因素,强调客观因素," 不得不去做某事 "must 就表示主观愿望(20) fly a kite = fly kitesbe free = have time21 句型" 该干某事了; " : It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.例如:该吃午饭了 .It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.22 时间的表述当分针所指的时间大于0 分、小于等于 30 分钟时,用 " 分钟"past" 小时" ;例如:8:23-twenty-three past eight当分针所指的时间大于30 分钟、小于 60 分钟时,用 " 剩余的时间 "to" 下一个整点" ;例如:8:49-eleven to nine当然,仍可以直接依据小时、分钟去读出时间,例如:8:23-eight twenty-three; 8:49-eight forty-nine整点就在数词后加 "-o'clock",例如: 8:00-eight o'clock在钟点前介词要用 at.