2022年开放英语II电子教案.docx

精品学习资源开放英语 II 1 教案叶萌 2021.10开放英语（ 1）课程说明课程名称：开放英语3主编：刘黛琳辅导班级： 12 秋会计本科班， 12 秋行管本科班， 12 秋法学本科班本课程是特地为具有初级英语基础的成人自学英语而设计的，以600 词为起点，通过18 个单元的学习，使同学的英语达到中级水平，认知词汇4000 左右；本课程在学习语音、语法、词汇、语言功能等语言基础学问及把握听、说、读、写语言技能的同时，明白英语国家的文化习俗，提高用英语进行交际的才能；侧重培育同学的阅读才能，为同学的进一步学习和运用英语打好基础；本学期该课程的面授辅导时间为三天；因此第一天主要是学习第一至第八单元的语法点与词汇，其次天主要是学习第九至第十六单元，最终一天上午学习剩下的两个单元，讲解形成性考核册，下午练习两套期末模拟试卷，并要求同学背熟几篇英语作文范文；第一天的学习内容为：（第一至第九单元）Unit 1 、四种基本句型的构成和用法（一）主系表（“系”指系动词比如：Be（ am/is/are “是“ 其搭配为： I am/You are/He is,/ she is / We are / They are确定式：如： I'm a teacher； She is a teacher.You are a student. He is an engineer.否定式： You are not aren'ta student.疑问式： Are you a student.（二）主谓宾（实义动词，有完全的词义，并能独立作谓语动词） 确定式 :：如： 1、I study English.2 、He plays the piano every day.否定式：主语 +dodoes+not+ 原形动词 +其它成份如： 1、Mary does notdoesn't learn Chinese.2 、I do notdon't play football.疑问式： Dodoes+ 主语 +原形动词 +其它成分？如： 1、Do you study English.2 、Does he study English every morning.三）主谓状： 确定式：1、Tom gets up early every day.2、I go to work by bus every day.否定式：1、Tom doesn't get up early every day.2 、I don't go to work by bus every day.疑问式：1、Does Tom get up early every day.2 、Do you go to work by bus every day（四） There+be+主语 +状语确定式： 1、 There isThere's a picture on the wall.谓语 主语 状语欢迎下载精品学习资源2、There areThere're150 students in our class.否定式：1、There isn't any picture on the wall.2、There aren't any books on the table.疑问式： 1、Is there any picture on the wall. 2、Are there any books on the table. 、四种时态的用法一、一般现在时 （一）、概念和用法：1、现在常常性或习惯性的动作：1） I work in a factory. 指我的职业 2 He gets up at 7 every day. 指每天如此 2、现在存在的情形1She is a nurse.2There is a map on the wall.3、客观事实或普遍真理1） He sun rises in the east.2） Two and four is/makes six.（二）、行为动词一般现在时的否定式和疑问式：1. 否定式：主语 +dodoes+not+ 原形动词 +（其它成分） I do not go to class on Sundays. 星期日我不去上课；He does not study English. 他不学英语；留意：1） do does 是助动词，没有词义，只起构成否定的作用；第三人称单数用does，其它人称都用 do；2） do（ does）后面的动词是原形动词，没有人称、数的变化；如上例的go 和 study；3） ）用作助动词的do （ does）没有词义；用作行为动词的do（ does）有词义，意为“做”，如： I do not do morning exercises on Sundays. 星期天我不做早操；（第一个do 是助动词，其次个do 是行为动词）2. 疑问式： 1） Do Does+ 主语+原形动词 +（其它成分） . Do you get up early. 你起床早吗？Does he study English every morning. 他每天早晨学英语吗？现以 read 为例将行为动词的否定、疑问及其回答形式，列表如下：确定式 I/You/We/Theyread .否定式 I /You/We/They do not read.疑问式 Do I /You/They read ？ Yes, you/They do.No, you/They do not.确定式 He/ She reads ；否定式 He/Shedose not read.疑问式 Does he / she read.Yes,He /She does.No,He /She doesnt. 注： do not 的简写是 don t； does not 的简写是 doesn t在口语中一般用简写形式，如I don t read. He doesnt read.2）带有 what,where,who 等疑问词的特别疑问句疑问词（ what,where,who ） +dodoes+主语 +原形动词 +（其它成分）？ 例如： -What do you study. -I study English.-Where does he work.-He works in Peking.但： Who helps you. （问主语时不要助动词）二、现在进行时 :（一）、概念 :表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行着的动作；（二）、构成 : am /are /is + 现在分词（ V-ing V=verb动词） :e.g.play playing have having begin beginning swim swimming欢迎下载精品学习资源lie lyingdie dying（三）、用法举例1.Peter is telling a story. 2.You are playing football.3.I am eating my lunch.否定式 如： Mary is not writing to her parents now.疑问式 :Is Mary writing to her parents.Notes:有些表示状态和感觉的动词一般不能用于进行时态:want, forget, believe, know, love, like, hate, remember, realize,think 认为 , be 是, have 有（四）、一般现在时与现在进行时的区分：一般现在时主要是表示常常性或习惯性的动作，常常存在的情形或状态；而现在进行时就表示此刻或当前这一段时间正在进行的动作，由“be（随人称而变） +现在分词（即由动词原形 +ing ）”构成；试比较： He does morning exercises every day.他每天做早操；He is doing morning exercises now. 他现在正在做早操；She often reviews her English lessons. 她常常复习英语课；She is reviewing her English lessons at the moment. 她目前正在复习英语课三、一般过去时（一）、概念：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：Yesterday, last year, three days ago, in 1990, before liberation（二）、构成：由动词的过去式来表示；1. 规章动词的过去式 .在动词后加 -ed 或-d 如： worked stayedwanted lived .“辅音字母 y”结尾的动词先将 y 变为 i，再加 -ed；如 : studied, tried .重读闭音节或 r 音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母再 - ed（以 x 结尾的词除外），如： stop stopped planned, permitted （但 opened, preferred, omitted2. 不规章动词的过去式：1 转变动词中的元音如 begin began drink drank come came eat ate grow grew runran know knew say said win won speakspoketake took write wrote get got 2变词尾的 -d 为-t如： build built lend lentsendsent spend spent3. 与动词原形一样：cut cut put put cost cost hurt hurtshut shut 4.变-ay 为-aid （少数动词） 如 say said pay paid lay laid5. 采纳不同词根： come camebe was I, he, she, it be weresell sold teach taught buy bo（三）、用法举例：确定式：主语 +动词过去式 +其他成分如： 1.He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.2.Xiao Wang came here yesterday.否定式： 主语 did not动词原形其他成分（did not didn t）（而 was/were notwasn t/weren t） 如： 1.He didn t do mornginexercises yesterday.2.He wasn t an English teacher ten years ago.疑问式： Did 主语原形动词其他成分？如： 1.Did you study English in 1990.Yes, I did.No, I didn t.欢迎下载精品学习资源2. Was he an engineer five years ago. Yes,he was. No, he wasn t.3. Who did the experiment yesterday. （特别疑问句）Who taught you English in 1990. （特别疑问句）四、过去进行时一、概念：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作；二、构成： was / were + 现在分词三、用法举例： 1、I was watching TV at seven yesterday evening.2、What were you doing at 7 yesterday evening.、“ used to” 的用法“used to+原形动词”表示过去的行动或状况，且暗含“现在不复存在”之意；例如：1.I used to play football. 我过去常常踢球；暗含现在已经不踢了；2.I used to have a car. 我过去有一辆汽车；暗含现在已经没有了；3. We didn t use to have much mone或y. We used not to have much money. 我们不曾有很多钱； 4. Did he use to be a teacher.他曾经是位老师吗？No,he didn t./No,he didn e to 不，t u他s 不曾是老师； Yes,he did./Yes,he used to.是的，他曾经是老师；Unit 2、被 动 语 态一、概念：当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，用主动语态； 当句子的主语是动作的承担者（动作的对象）时，用被动语态；主动语态： The workers in this factory make different kinds of machines.被动语态： Different kinds of machines are made by the workers in this factory.二、构成： be + 过去分词三、用法举例： （一）当强调动作的承担者（动作的对象）时；（二）当动作的执行者不易说出、不宜说出或不必说出时；1、These books are written for children.2、This machine was made in 1990. 这台机器是 1990 年制造的）3、The question is being discussed.4、A hospital will be built here next year. is going to be built5、Lu Xun s works have been translated into many languages. 鲁迅的著作已译成多种语言 6、Football is played all over the world . 全世界处处都踢足球 7、Many students are reading this book. （主动语态） This book is being read by many students. （被动语态） 8 、否定式： The cars are not made in Japan.9、疑问式： Are the cars made in Japan.10、带情态动词的被动语态：（can , may , must , should/ought to ）+ be +动词过去分词如：（ 1）These exercises can may , must be done by him .这些练习能（可以，必需）由他来做；（ 2）This should/ought to/be done at once.、 used to 和 would欢迎下载精品学习资源Would 和 used to 都用来谈论过去的习惯，但would 只用来谈论行动，并且不与现在的情形相联系； used to 不仅可以谈论行动，仍可用来谈论状态和情形，并且暗含“现在已不复存在”之意；例如： 1. When we were children,we used to/ would go swimming every summer.（小的时候，我们每年夏天都去游泳；）2.Mary used to be slim when she was a student. 玛丽是同学时身材是苗条的；）、“ keep+V-ing”形式 强调行为的重复性；例如： 1.He keeps looking at himself in the mirror. 他老是照镜子；）2. She keeps writing long letters to me. 她始终给我写长信；）Unit 3语法： 现在完成时一、 概念； 1、表示从过去连续到现在的动作或状况；2、表示过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响；3、表示体会或经受；二、构成： have / has + 过去分词英语中的动词（verb）有以下五种形式；即动词原形、单数第三人称形式、过去式、现在分词与过去分词；如：1、 live, lives, lived, living, lived2、make, makes, made, making, made三、用法举例： 1、Xiao Wang s parents have lived in Beijing for 30 years. 2、He has been in the army for three years.3、I have lost my key. I can t open the door； I can t enter my room.4、Have you had your lunch . Are you hungry now . Yes, I have had my lunch.No,I have nt.5、She has not /never been to Tibet.Note: （留意） 一现在完成时是现在时的范畴，不是属于过去时的范畴；因此不能与表示一般过去时的时间状语（yesterday, three days ago, in 1998）连用；二有些动词属于“瞬时动词”或称“点动词” ，不能用现在完成时 die, join如： 1、Xiao Wang s father has died for ten years .（ X ） 2、Xiao Li has joined the army for ten years. （ X ）Unit 4、一般过去时和现在完成时的区分一、一般过去时一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态；通常要与表示过去的时间状语连用；但有时时间状语可以省去不用，比如在下例例句中可以从上下文明确地看出动作发生的时间时，就可以省略时间状语：When he was 65, he decided that he didn't want to stop.Then one day he saw an advertisement in the newspaper and he bought a little crockery factory.he next week he told his family.欢迎下载精品学习资源二、现在完成时现在完成常常用来谈论发生在过去但对现在有影响的动作或大事；因此不能用详细表示过去的时间状语；例如：Morgan Rees has always been a good businessman.He hasn t been bored since he bought the factory.He has opened a new design office and employed three young designers. They have been all over the world to get new ideas. .定语从句一、概念：用一个句子做定语，称其为定语从句；二、结构和用法（一）关系代词引导的定语从句：1） Who 代表人，在从句中做主语 ：We need comrades who have professional knowledge. 我们需要具有专业学问的同志；2） Whom 代表人，在从句中做宾语，可以省略 ：The man whom you saw yesterday was a doctor from our factory.昨天你看到的那个人是我们厂里的医生；3） Whose 代表人或物，在从句中做定语：This is a story about a Communist fighter whose name was Liu Hu-Lan.这是一个关于名叫刘胡兰的共产主义战士的故事；He lives in a room whose window opens to the south. 他住在一间窗户朝南的房间里；4） Which 代表物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略 ： Here is a book which will give you a lot of useful knowledge n. 学问 . 这是一本会给你很多有用的学问的书；The sport which we like best is swimming.我们最宠爱的运动是游泳；5） That 代表人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略： Who is the man that is speaking at the meeting. 在会上讲话的那个人是谁？The machines that we use are made in your plant. 我们用的机器是你们厂制造的；（二）关系副词引导的定语从句：1) When（表示时间，在从句中作状语）：I ll never forget the day. I saw Chairman Mao on that day.欢迎下载精品学习资源I ll never forget the day when I saw Chairman Mao我.2) Where 表示地点，在从句中作状语: This is the room. Comrade Li lives in this room.永久不会遗忘我见到毛主席的那一天；欢迎下载精品学习资源This is the room where comrade Li lives. 这是李同志住的房间；3） Why 表示缘由，在从句中作状语Do you know the reason. For this reason he was late.Do you know the reason why he was late. 你知道他迟到的缘由吗？（三）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1）限制性定语从句：这种从句与所修饰的名词关系亲密，不能去掉，假如去掉意思就不清晰；引入从句的关系代词，假如在从句中作宾语，可以省略；书写时主句和从句不用逗号分开；译成汉语时，往往把从句放在所修饰的名词前；例如： We need comrades who know computer very well. 我们需要懂运算机的同志；They have got theinstrument which,that we need. 他们买到了我们需要的仪器；欢迎下载精品学习资源This is the best book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的书；2）非限制性定语从句：这种从句与所修饰的名句关系放松，只供应有关该名词的补充情形或附加说明；即使去掉，主句的意思仍旧清晰；这种从句不能用关系代词THA T 引导；关系代词在从句中作宾语也不能省略；书写时往往用逗号与主句分开；译成汉语时是否移到它所修饰的名词前面，要看详细情形；例如： We went to the industrial exhibition, where we saw two man-made satellites.我们去看工业展览了，在那里看到两颗人造卫星；Comrade Wang, whom Lao Li knows well, is our group leader.王同志是我们的组长，老李跟他很熟识；Unit 5 .过去完成时 ：一.概念：用来描述在过去某一时刻或动作以前就已经完成的动作或状况，即“过去的过去”；二.构成： had + 过去分词三.用法举例：1、Before 1988,I had never heard of George Bush.1988 年以前，我从未听说过布什2、After he had done his homework, he watched TV .他做完家庭作业后才看电视；3、Had the children left home before their parents went to work.那些孩子们在他们的父母上班之前离开家了吗？4、The teacher told us that he had decided to give us an exam.老师说已打算要我们考试一次； .“ to be going to + 原型动词”表示将来，意为“准备、预备”做什么事情；例如： 1、I am going to get married next year. 我准备明年结婚；2、we are going to have a meeting tomorrow morning.我们方案预备明天上午开一个会；Unit 7 . to need + v-ing 和 to need + to doto need + v-ing意思是“某物（事）需要”表示被动意义；例如： The roof needs repairing. 房屋需要修补了；My hair needs cutting. 我该理发了；to need + to do 意思是“某人（主语）需要做某事”；例如： They need to repair the roof. 他们需要修补房屋；We need to study English. 我们需要学习英语；to need 由两种否定和疑问形式；例如： He doesn't need to study English.欢迎下载精品学习资源He needn t study English用. 作情态动词 Does he need to study English.Need he study English. 用作情态动词 . to have something done“ to have + 宾语 + 过去分词”这个结构表示动作并非主语所为，而是使人或支配人做某事，有时可指支配特地的人来做；列如：We haven t had the broken windowpanes replaced ye我t.们仍没更换那些破了的窗户玻璃； The agent had the windows painted two years ago. 房东代理两年前油漆过窗户；Have they had the broken windowpanes replaced yet. 他们把那些破了的窗户玻璃换了吗？ When did the agent have the windows painted. 房东代理什么时候油漆的窗户？在口语中，也常用“ to get + 宾语 + 过去分词” 表达同样的意思；例如： He got the gutter replaced.Have you got the gate mended yet.Unit 8现在完成进行时一.概念：表示动作从过去某一时间开头，始终连续到现在，并仍在连续进行；二.构成： have/has + been +现在分词三.举例： 1、It has been raining for three hours.2、I have been reading Lu Xun s works this week. 3、We have been looking for you anywhere.Where have you been.否定式： I have not been reading .疑问式： Have you been reading .与现在完成时的区分： 二者均可以表示刚终止的动作，但现在完成进行时强调动作在不久前连续进行的情形；而现在完成时就强调动作的结果；Now we have cleaned the room, and we can move the things in . 强调扫完了的结果 You look tired.What have you been doing. 你干什么来着？I have been playing football.John has painted the door .已漆完，强调动作的结果 John has been painting the door. 仍在漆 I ve written a letter已. 写完 I ve been writing a letter仍. 在写 Note: 在与表示一段时间的状语连用时，两种时态可以互换使用，但在口语中倾向于用现在完成进行时：I ve been singing all afternoon.Ive sung.第 2 天的学习内容： Unit 9、一般过去时的被动语态；见 Unit 2欢迎下载精品学习资源、动名词（一）动名词由动词原形加词尾-ing 构成；在本单元里，我们学习的动名词是名词性的，也就是说，同时具有动词特点和名词特点，在规律上表达的是一个动作（或状态）， 在语法上表达的是名词特点；（二）动名词的名词特点表达在可以用作主语、宾语等；例如： 1.Preparing for the Olympic games is a huge undertaking.preparing做句子的主语 2.He is in retested in playing football. playing作介词 in 的宾语 3. Do you like watching football games. watching作动词 like 的宾语 （三）动名词的动词特点表达在可以有宾语和状语；例如： 1.Hosting the games has a major effect on the economy. hosting 作句子的主语，同时带有宾语the games2. Afterwinning the bid, Beijingbegan major construction projects. winning 作介词after 的宾语 the games3. Before going to college, he hadn t acted or sung. going 作介词 before 的宾语，同时带有状语to college4. 要 求 动 名 词 作 宾 语 的 动 词 有 ：mind,enjoy,like,avoid,finish, practise,suggest,forgive,mention， keep on ,imagine, risk, excuse, understand 等等；、条件状语从句（用在真实条件句中）条件句表示“假如那么真实条件句的构成形式为：If + 从句主语 +一般现在时，主句主语+ will/won t + 动词原形例如： If we bid for the games, we will promote the country.If they sell tickets on the black market, it won t be fair for ordinary people.If 引导的从句在主句前时，需要逗号与主句隔开，如在主句之后，就一般不用逗号；例如： If we win the bid, it will encourage huge economic growth.It will encourage huge economic growth if we win the bid. .虚拟语气： 表示所说的不是事实,或者是不行能发生的情形，而只是一种愿望、假设或推测；一、虚拟语气的用法：（a）表示和现在事实相反的假设：如:If I were you, I should would try again.假如我是你的话，我要再试一试；If I found the book, I should would bring it to you.假如我找到这本书，我会带给你；If there were no air, there would be no living things.假如没有空气，就没有生物；(b) 表示和过去事实相反的假设：If you had been there last week, you would have seen the film.假如上星期你在那里，你就看上这部电影了；If you had come here yesterday, you would have seen him.假如昨天你在这儿，你就观察他了；If there had been no air, there would have been noliving things.假如（起初）没有空气，就没有生物了；(c) 表示将来不行能发生的情形（或可能发生，但可能性不大）： If he should be there tomorrow, he would help you.欢迎下载精品学习资源万一明天他在那儿，他会帮忙你的；If he should come this afternoon, he would call you up.万一今日下午他到这来，他会打电话给您的；If there should be no air, there would be no livingthings.万一没有空气，就不会有生物；三、虚拟条件从句的其它表现形式：1. 假如 if 从句中有助动词 had, should 或关联动词 were, if 可省略， 把 had, should 或 were 放在句首，例如：Without gravity, there would be lots of things wecouldn't do.没有地心引力，有很多事我们就不能做；In the absence