2022年新人教版八级英语下册知识点归纳总结.docx

新人教版八年级英语下册学问点归纳Unit 1What s the matter.重点短语 :have a stomachachehave a coldlie downtake one s temperaturehave afevergo to a doctor to one s surpriseagree to do sth.get into troublebe used totake risksrun out ofcut offget out ofbe in control of八年级英语下册学问点第18页 共 17 页keep on doing sth）.语言学问归纳：1. What s the matter with you.give up此句用来询问别人的病情；类似的句子仍有：What s wrong with you./ What s the trouble.matter 作动词用,意为 “要紧”有“关系 ”,主要用于疑问句和否定句； What does it matter.It doesn t matter.【例题】 Does itif we cant finish it today.A. mindB. mindsC. matterD. matters2. I have a sore throat.have 患“病”,常用 “ have a /an+名词”.have a coldhave a feverhave a sore back have a stomachachehave a cough【例题】 -Does he often havecold.-Yes. He alsoa cough and a sorethroat.A. a; hasB. /; hasC. a; haveD. /; have 3.Lie down and rest. 躺下休息4. That s probably why那. 可能就是缘由；probably 意为“很可能,大致 ”,表示的可能性很大,是一种近乎确定的意思；5. hurt v. 使受伤；损害；疼痛He hurt his leg when he fell. 他摔伤的时候伤了腿；My feelings were hurt when he didn t ask me to他t没he有pa请rt我y. 参与聚会使我很难过；6. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping.公. 交车司机, 24 岁的王平 24-year-old 是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构,意思是“ 24岁的”；（名词必需用单数,常用在名词前做定语）【例题】 Agirl named DongXinyi looked after her disabled father.A. three-year-old7. expect vt. 期望；预期；期盼expect的常见用法 :B. three-years-oldC. Three years oldexpect+名词/代词The old man is expecting hisdaughter vissit.expect to do sth.I expect to get a birthday present from my dad. expect sb. to do sth.Do you expect him to teach you English.lie down 躺下单词词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺,平放laylainlyingexpect +从句I expect that you will get there soon.【辨析】 expect 与 look forward to两者都有期望的意思 look forward to doing sth.I m looking forward to seeing Tom.8. But to his surprise.但是令他惊讶的是 to one s surpr表ise示“令人诧异的是 ”,相当于 “主语+be+surprised”To his surprise, he found the girl was bind.= He was surprised to find the girl was blind. 令他诧异的是,他发觉这个女孩是个盲人；【拓展】 in surprise表示“诧异的 ”,相当于副词性短语,用来修饰动词；The two girls looked at each other in surprise.那两个女孩诧异地相互看着；be surprised at表示“对 感到诧异 ”；We are very surprised at the news.听到这个消息,我们很诧异；surprising 表示“使人诧异的 ”,作表语时,主语是事物；9. They don t want any troubl他e. 们不想惹麻烦； trouble 用作名词,意为 “苦恼,困难,麻烦,疾病等 ”；His life is full of trouble.他的生活布满了苦恼； What s the trouble.怎么了？ trouble 用作动词,意为 “麻烦,打搅 ”；I m sorry to trouble you抱. 歉打搅你；【拓展】与 trouble 相关的短语in trouble 处于困境中get into trouble 陷入困境Have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有困难【例题】 -How is your English study.-Not bad. But Ilearning English grammar.A. am interestedB. am good atC. have a little troubleD. have no trouble10. 辨析used to do sth.与be used to sth. / doing sth.过去常常 习惯于某事 /做某事We used to draw pictures badly.You will get used to the weather here.In the end, I got used to doing hard work.11. 辨析 run out 与 run out of人+ run out ofThey have run out of the water.物+ run out 不行用于被动语态）The money is running out.【例题】选出能代替句中画线部分的一项 Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings. I need to buy some now.A. ate upB. run out ofC. ran ofD. ran out of12. make decisions = make a decision作出打算decision 为 decide 的名词形式make a decision to do sth. = decide to do sth.13. be in control of治理；掌握A teacher should be in control of his class.重点语法： 情态动词 should 的用法（1） should 后接动词原形,变否定句在 should 后加 not, 变一般疑问句时将 should 提前；（2） should 常用于以下两种情形： 提出建议You looked tired. You should lie down and rest. 表估计,意为 “该,按理应当 ”；Wait a minute. I think he should come in a minute.Unit 2I ll help to clean up the city parks.重点短语 :clean upby oneselfcheer upput offgive output onused togive awaytake afterset upmake a differencecare for come up with语言学问归纳：1. give out 分发,发放【拓展】 give 构成的短语仍有：give away 赠给,赠送give in 屈服,投降give up 舍弃give off 发出（气味、光、热等）2. come up with 提出,想出(1) 表示“想出或提出 ”,相当于 think ofI think she can come up with a good idea(2) come up with 仍可表示 “赶上”相,当于 catch up with. We should study hard to come up with them【例题】 We musta plan to improve your math.A. pick upB. catch up withC. come up withD. make up3. Iruvn out of it. 我已经把它用完了；run out of 表示 “用完,用光 ”,其主语一般是人；【拓展】 run out of 仍可表示 “从 跑出来 ”；Bill ran out of the room.Bill 从房间里跑出来；run 构成的短语仍有run away 逃走run after 追逐run into difficulties 遇到困难【例题】 When your money, please come to me for some.A. runs out ofB. runs outC. is running out ofD. is run out4. I take after my mother.我长得像我妈妈；【辨析】 take after 与 look liketake after 意为“长得像,行为、性格等像 ”尤,其是像自己的长辈；The boy takes after his father.这个男孩长得像他爸爸；look like 可以用于全部场合,既可指人也可指物,仅指外表看上去像；The man looks like our teacher.这个男的看起来像我们的老师；The rainbow looks like a bridge.彩虹看上去像一座桥；【拓展】 take 构成的短语take uptake offtake placetake one s timetake care【例题】 -You ve really beautiful blond hair. -Thank you. Imy mother.A. look afterB. take afterC. take fromD. look for5. set up 创办,建立set up 为副词短语,与 start, establish同义They ve set up a compan他y. 们创办了一家公司；与 set 相关的短语仍有： set out 动身,开头（做某事） set off 动身,引起,激发6. You helped to make it possible for me to have lucky. 对我来说,有了你的帮忙,我才有可能拥有Lucky.it 是形式宾语You made it possible for me to catch up with others.你让我有可能赶上其他人；【例题】 He foundhard to go to sleep with the light on.A. itB. thatC. heD. him7. Lucky makes a big difference to my life.Lucky 对我的生活产生了很大的影响；make a big difference 意为“对 产生很大的影响 ”,difference 在此为 “影响”的意思；【例题】 The heavy snow didn tthe international airlines.A. pay attention toB. add toC. make a difference toD. keep to8. imagine v. 想象,假想；以为,认为imagine （ v.想象） imagination（ n.想象） imaginative adj.富于想象力的） 9.help. out 帮 克服困难,帮 分担工作The teacher often helps his students out那.10. be excited about. 对 兴奋位老师常常帮他的同学解决问题；I m excited about the game of Li Na我. 对李娜的竞赛感到兴奋；exciting 修饰物重点语法： 动词短语动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：(1) 动词+介词这类动词短语主要有： agree with, ask for, arrive at, hear of, look at, take after, listen to等；这类动词后的宾语无论是名词仍是代词,都要放在介词之后；I m looking for my pen.Don t laugh at the poor man. 2动词+副词这类动词短语有： find out, give out, look up, put on, turn on/off, wake up, work out 等；这类动词后面的宾语是名词时, 名词可放在副词前面或后面； 宾语是代词时, 代词只能放在副词前面；Please pick up the pen.= Please pick the pen up. It took him two hours to work it out.(3) 动词+名词+介词这类动词短语有： have a look at, make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to等；在这类动词短语中,宾语都放在介词之后；You should pay more attention to your pronunciation.(4) 动词+形容词+介词这类动词短语有： be angry with, be busy with, be good for, be different from, be interested in, be good at等；【例题】 1 When you don t know a word, you canin the dictionary.A. look it upB. set it upC. give it upD. pick it up2 We will have dinner at the restaurant, which is famousits sea food.A. ofB. toC. forD.asUnit 3Could you please clean your room.重点短语 :take out the rubbishmake the bedall the timeborrow some moneyhelp with houseworkhang out with.a waste of timein order toas.as.take care ofas a resultin surprisedo the dishes语言学问归纳：1. work on 从事于；着手干The writer is working on a new book. 那位作家正在写一本新书；She is going to work on her physics project.她准备从事她的物理项目；【例题】 The scientists areinventing some methods of producing electricity.A. working onB. working outC. working atD. working for2. at least 至少at least修饰时间、距离、长度等,以加强语气；翻译短语位 at most,意为“至多,最多 ”；He kept me waiting at least an hour. There were fifty people there at most.3. all the time 始终；总是Things are changing all the time事.【拓展】 time 相关的短语情始终在变化；on time 准时at the same time同时in time 准时From time to time 有时the first time 第一次【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项； I always go shopping on Friday.A. all the timeB. all the sameC.all alongD. all the way5. I m just as tired as you ar我e. 和你一样累；as.as意为“和 一样”表,示同级比较； as.as中间要用形容词或副词原级；This story is as interesting as that one.这个故事和那个一样好玩；否定式为 not as/so.as意, 为“不如”；The garden is not so beautiful as you thought.【例题】 He speaks French well, but of course nota person born in France. A.as clear asB. clearer thanC. as clearly asD. the more clearly6. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did 一I. 个星期,她不做家务,我也不做家务；so,neither 倒装句型So + 助动词/ be 动词/ 情态动词 + 主语Neither + 助动词/ be 动词/ 情态动词 + 主语这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情形,后面某人（物）也是这样；助动词 / be 动词/ 情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一样,而其单复形式由后句的主语打算； So依附于确定句, neither 依附于否定句；Bill watched TV last night. So did Ann. Lily isn t a teacher. Neither is Mary.【例题】 -I never drink coffee.-.A. So do IB. So did IC. Neither did ID. Neither do I7. 辨析 borrow 与 lendborrow sth. from sb. 向某人借（入）某物lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人【注】 borrow,lend 都是非连续性动词,假如要表示“借多长时间 ”要用 keep；【例题】 Although you like the book, you may onlyit for two weeks.A. borrowB. keepC. lendD. stay8. spendv. 花费（金钱；时间）spend + 钱/时间 + on sth.在 上花费时间或金钱spend + 时间 + in doing sth. 花时间做某事【例题】 Yang Fengevery Saturday afternoon volunteering in an old peopleA. costsB. takesC. paysD. spends8. provide v. 供应；赐予provide sth.The restaurant provide the best service.provide sb. with sth.The parents provide the children with food and clothes. provide sth. for sb.The schools provide desks and chairs for the students.【例题】 To protect the environment, supermarketsdont free plastic bags to shoppers.A. takeB. showC. provideD. carry10. depend on 依靠；依靠；信任depend on为固定短语,不能用进行时态,也不行用被动语态As we know, good results depend on hard work.You can t depend on your parents forever.10. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.孩子越早学会独立,对他们的将来就越好；the + 比较级., the + 比较级.“越 就越”The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have.【例题】 -There was thick haze雾 霾 in our city this spring. What do you think of it ？-I thinkcars we drive,pollution our city will have.A. the fewer; the fewerB. the fewer; the lessC. The more; the fewerD. the more; the less11. in order to 的用法(1) in order to 意为“为了”,强调目的,后接动词原形；In order to let the students hear him, he spoke loudly. We have to study hard in order to pass the exam.In order not to be late for school, she took a taxi.(2) 含 in order to 的句子可以转变为由 so that或 in order that 引导的状语从句；She ran quickly in order to catch the bus.She ran quickly in order that she could catch the bus. She ran quickly so that she could catch the bus.12. as a result的用法as a result用于引出结果,常用于两个句子之间,其中一个是另一个的结果,且前后用标点符号将两个句子隔开,意为 “结果是”；He didn t listen carefully. As a result, he couldn t work out the maths problem.【注】 as a result of 的意思是 “由于,由于 ”, 相当于 because o；fPeter was late as a result of the heavy rain.= Peter was late because of the heavy rain.【例题】 The boy studied hard. , he passed the exam.A. Ia factB. On timeC. After allD. As a resultUnit 4Why don t you talk to your parents.重点短语 :look throughwork outget on withcut outcompare.within one s opiniona big dealso thatget into a fightcommunicate withnot.until.call sb. upinstead of语言学问归纳：1. Why don t you talk to your parents.Why don t you do sth.= Why not do sth.为什么不 “ .”【拓展】提出建议的句型What/How about doing sth. 做某事怎么样？Shall we do sth.我们做某事好吗？You d betternot do sth你. 最好（不）做某事；Why don t you do sth.为什么不做某事呢？Would you mind doing sth. 你介意做某事吗？2. allow v. 答应,许可 allow sb. to do sth. 答应某人“做某事 “My parents allow me to play computer game on weekends. allow doing sth.“答应做某事 ”She doesn t allow smoking in her house. allow+名词We can t allow such a thing.【例题】 Do you often allowuntil 11:00 p.m.A. to stay upB. stay upC. staying upD. and stay up3. work out 产生 成效,进展 Things worked out quite well for us. 对我们来说,事情进展很好；He worked out the maths problem. 他算出了这道数学题；Can you work out the problem alone. 你一个人能把问题搞清晰吗？4. communicatev. 沟通信息；沟通I can t communicate with them at the mome此nt刻. communication n.沟通我无法同他们进行沟通；People can t get on well with each other without communicati没on有.【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项；沟通,人们就无法相处得好；People choose to keep in touch with their friends by e-mail.A. writeB. readC.agreeD. communicate5. arguevi. 争辩；争执argue with sb. 与某人争辩Don t argue with your parents不. 要和你的父母争辩；argue的名词形式是“ argument ”, have an argument with与sb某. Alice hand an argument with her best friend.【例题】 I never arguemy parents.A. inB.toC.forD.with6. insteadadv. 代替,顶替人辩论；If you are busy, you may come another day instead.【辨析】 instead 与 instead ofinstead副词舍前取后,可单独使用,位于句首或句末；instead of介词短语舍后取前,后面常跟名词,代词及动词ing；He didn t answer. He asked his fatinhsetread.We eat rice instead of noodles.【例题】 What a nice day. We should go sightseeingwatching TV in the hotel.A. because ofB. instead ofC.together withD.out7. offer v. 供应；提出；建议 offer 做“供应”讲时,可接双宾语；offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth.向某人供应某物The waitress offered a cup of tea to the man.= The waitress offered the man a cup of tea. offer 仍有“提出,建议 ”的意思,其后接不定式,表示主动提出做某事；The old man offered to lend the boy some money.【例题】 The little boyhis seat to an old lady on the crowded bus.A. lentB. offeredC. tookD. brought8. And they are always comparing them with other children. compare 作动词,意为 “比较, 和 相比”； compare.with.把同 相比较Parents shouldn alwatys compare their children with others.父母们不该总是把自己的孩子同别人相比较； compare.to. 把比作People often compare the life to a stage.人们常把生活比作一个舞台；【例题】 My handwriting can not be comparedmy father s.A. toB. withC. onD.for11. My cousin borrows my things without returning them. return 意为“归仍”,其后可接双宾语return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. Don t forget to return me the keys. return 仍有“返回”的意思,相当于 go back, 后接地点时需要介词 to；He returned to Shanghai a week ago.【例题】 那本书你仍给图书馆了吗？Did youthe bookthe library. I don t know when we willHong Kong.A. return backB. return toC. return back toD.returnUnit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came.重点短语 :go offpick upfall asleepdie downmake one s wayin silencetake downat firstwait forin a messthe rest ofhave meaning tobasketball competitionas wellmake sure语言学问归纳：1. while 当 的时候作连词引导时间状语从句,在while 引导的从句中,其谓语动词只能是连续性动词,强调主从句中的动作或状态同时发生；While I was watching TV, someone knocked at the door. when 意为“当 时”,动作有一前一后的意思； When I passed that room I heard someone singing. while 作连词时也可懂得为 “然而”,表示转折关系；I like apples while my sister doesn t.【例题】 Tom likes reading a newspaperhe is having breakfast.A. untilB.whileC.becauseD.thoughMary was talking on the phonesomeone knocked at the door.A.whileB.beforeC.whenD.after2. make sure 查明；确信 make sure of sth. make sure to do sth. ma