2022年初二上册英语第一单元知识点归纳.docx

重点句子初二上册英语第一单元学问点讲解Unit1Where did you go on vacation.指人指物some-any-someone 有人anyone 任何人somebodyanybody something 某物 anything 任何事no-no one 没有人nobody nothing 没有事every-everyone 人人everybody everything 一切事指地点 somewhere 某地 anywhere 任 何 地 nowhere 无处,没有地 everywhere 处处方方1. Where did you go on vacation.你去哪儿度假的？ 1）这是一个由疑问副词where 引导的特殊疑问句； Where 用来询问地点或场所,用于句首,其后跟一般疑问句；如： Where are you from？Where does he live？ 2）go on vacation“去度假 ”He will go on vacation with his family.他要和家人一起度假；【解析】 vacation v .'ke .n.n 假期 = holidayon vacation 在度假take a vacation 去度假winter vacation 寒假summer vacation 暑假I have a lot ofevery year . vacation Where did Sarah go on vacation. She went to America.A. on vacationB. take a vacationC. is on vacationD. is for vacation2、Did you go with anyone.你和别人一起去的吗？这是一个一般过去时的一般疑问句；当含有实义动词的一般过去时的陈述句变 为一般疑问句时,需借助助动词did,此时后面的实义动词应用原形；其句型结构为 “ did+主语 +动词原形 +其它？ ”,确定回答为 “Yes,主语+did ”,否定回答为“ No,主语+didnt”· 基本用法pron. anyone 任何人,相当于 anybody,通常用在否定句、疑问句或条件从句中；如：I wont tell anyone I saw you here.我不会告知任何人我在这儿见过你；Why would anyone want that job. 为什么会有人想要那份工作呢？· 学问拓展 -同类词留意：(1) 由 some-, any-, no-, every-构成的符合不定代词作主语时,都作单数看待,其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；(2) 不定代词如有定语修饰,该定语要置于其后,作后置定语；如：Id like something to drink.我想要些喝的；Is there anything interesting in the book.这本书中有好玩的东西吗？小结：【解析 1】someones.mw.n pron某人anyoneeniw .npron 任何人everyone evriw.n pron 每人,人人3. isited my uncle 探望了我的叔叔visit 是及物动词,意为 “ 拜望；探望 ”,后接表示人的名词或代词；visit 仍可以意为 “ 参观；游玩 ”,后接表示地点的名词；a.I visited my grandmother last week.上周我去了我的外婆；b.Do you want to visit Shanghai.你想上海吗？拓展： visitor 意为“参观者；游客 ”；These visitors come from America. 4. How did you like it？你觉得它怎么样？【解析】 How do you like sth.= What do you think of sth.或者“How do youfeel about .？ ”,你认为怎么样？ It s/ theyre . I love/ like. I dont mind. I cant stand .5. Did you buy anything specia？l 你买特殊的东西了吗？【解析】 buy 及物动词,以为 “买；购买 ”,过去式为 boughtbuy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth为. 某人买某物My father bought me a bike.= My father bought a bike for me. 我爸爸给我买了辆自行车；anything 不定代词,意为 “某事；某件东西 ”,主要用于疑问句或否定句中；57Do you want anything about it. 你想从我这里要些什么吗？anything special 意为“特殊的东西 ”,形容词修饰不定代词时应当后置；Is there anything new in this book. 这本书里有新的内容吗 . Do you want anything else. 你仍想要其他什么吗？5、I didnt really see anything I liked. 我实在没有看到我宠爱的任何东西；这是一个省略了关系代词that 定语从句；主句为I didntreally see anything,从句 I liked ,修饰先行词 anything；因 anything 是不定代词,故关系代词只能用 that,且 that 在从句中作宾语,因此可以省略；2.Oh, did you do anywhere interesting.哦,你去好玩的地方了吗？P2.2d【解析】本句是 did 开头的一般疑问句；一般过去时中不含was/were 的句子在变一般疑问句时,需用助动词did,原句中的动词过去式需变成原形；Did you have a party last night. 你昨晚上举办聚会了吗？anywhere 用作副词,意为 “在任何地方 ”Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation. 你暑假期间去过什么地方吗？留意： anywhere 与 somewhere 的区分anywhere 意为“在任何地方 ”,常用于否定句和疑问句中；I cant find it anywhere. 我处处都找不到它；Somewhere 意为“在某处；到某处 ”,常用于确定句中；I lost my key somewhere near here.我把钥匙丢在这邻近的某个地方了；6. Oh, did you do anywhere interesting.哦,你去好玩的地方了吗？【解析】本句是 did 开头的一般疑问句；一般过去时中不含was/were 的句子在变一般疑问句时,需用助动词did,原句中的动词过去式需变成原形；Did you have a party last night. 你昨晚上举办聚会了吗？anywhere 用作副词,意为 “在任何地方 ”Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation. 你暑假期间去过什么地方吗？留意： anywhere 与 somewhere 的区分anywhere 意为“在任何地方 ”,常用于否定句和疑问句中；I cant find it anywhere. 我处处都找不到它；Somewhere 意为“在某处；到某处 ”,常用于确定句中；I lost my key somewhere near here.我把钥匙丢在这邻近的某个地方了；7. Kevin meetanyone interesting.凯文遇到好玩的人了吗？【注】不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数Is everyone here . Did she go to the park withlast year. someone【解析 2】interest v 使感爱好 interesting adj. 有爱好的 interestedadj. 感爱好的be interested in=take interest in 对感爱好The students arein thesebooks. interest【注】 以 ing 结尾的 adj. 常用来作定语或表语,修饰物；以 ed 结尾的 adj.用来表示心情,常做表语,修饰人Excited/excitingbored/boringrelaxed/relaxingThis movie wasn t. He fell asleep half way through it.A. interesting enoughB. enough interestingC. interested enoughD. enough interested8. Grace buy anything special.格蕾丝买特殊的东西了吗？【注】形容词修饰不定代词,放在不定代词之后9. I have something importantto tell you.我有重要的事告知你；【解析】 somethingpron.某事,某物anythingpron.任何事物nothingpron. 没有什么；没有一件东西【注】形容词修饰不定代词,放在不定代词之后 Everything thereinteresting yesterday evening.A. wasB. isC. wereD. are Did he dobefore.A. anything interestingB. interesting anythingC. anywhere interestingD. interesting anywhere“ Have you read today's newspaper" “Yes It's really boring. There isin it.”A. something newB. nothing newC. anything new10、We took quite a few photos there我. 们在那里拍了不少照片；take photos 意为“ 照相；拍照 ”；Could you help me take some photos. 你能帮我拍几张照片吗？【辨析】： quite a few 与 quite a littlequite a few 意为“相当的 ;不少”,修饰可数名词复数； quite a little 意为“相当的 ;不少”,修饰不行数名词；He will stay here for days.There is water in the bottle 瓶子 .【解析 1】 few / a fewlittle / a little辨析否定确定所修饰的名词few 没有,几乎没有 a few 有几个可数名词复数little 几乎没有；a little 有一点儿不行数名词【拓展】 few / a few 用来修饰可数名词,few 表示否定,“没有,几乎没有”；He hasfewfriends here, he feels lonely.他这里没伴侣,他感觉孤寂a few 表示有确定, “有几个”There are a feweggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋；little / a little用来修饰不行数名词,little 表示否定,“没有,几乎没有”；There is little time left. Hurry up.没多少时间了,快点儿！a little 表示确定,“有一点儿”Can you speak English.Yes, but only a little.In our school,students like English, butof them can speak English smoothly.A. a little, a fewB. a few, fewC. a few, littleD. a little, fewJohnisgettingverythin.Hedoesn'teat food.A.manyB.enoughC.fewD.littleNow teenagers are very busy with their schoolwork and they havetime to do exercise.A. fewB. littleC. a fewD. a little11 I bought something for my parents , but nothing fomr yself.我为我父母买了一些东西,但是没有给我自己买什么东西；【解析】 myself我自己【拓展】反身代词(1) 反身代词的构成一、二人称的反身代词构成 :形容词性物主代词+self/selves 构成单数myselfyourself复数ourselvesyourselves 第三人称的反身代词构成 :第三人称宾格 +self/selves单数：himselfherselfitself复数：themselves(2) 反身代词的常见搭配：enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time 玩得兴奋teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学by oneself =alone独自help oneself to任凭吃introduce oneself to自我介绍(3) 反身代词必需与主语保持人称的一样；You have to believe in.That s the secret of success.we I m old enough to look after 我自己 .Deng Ziqi won lots of fans forthrough the TV program I Am a Singer.A. sheB.herC. herself The book is mine.I wrote my name on its cover.A.myselfB.yourselfC.himself12. I just stayed at homemost ofthe time to read andrelax.我的大部分时间都待在家里读书和休息；· 基本用法adj. most 多数的；大部分的；作代词,表示“大多数,大部分”；如：Most people think so.大多数人都这样想；· 学问拓展 - 相关短语most of表示“绝大多数”,可用于如下结构中：most ofthe time“大部分时间”,其中most 为代词,意为“大部分；大多数；大体上”；Most of the time Alan studies hard. 艾伦大部分时间学习都很刻苦；most of + 物主代词 +名词复数 /不行数名词most of +宾格代词注： most of 结构做主语,谓语动词的数取决于of 后的名词或代词；如：Most of the students like reading the story.大部分同学宠爱读这个故事；【解析 2】relax relaxed adj 感到轻松的,悠闲的 relaxing adj.令人放松的be relaxed about 对感到放松13. Everything tasted really good所. 有的东西尝起来真的很好吃！【解析】 taste good 尝起来很好吃taste 在此为连系动词,意为“尝起来”,其后接形容词构成系表结构；The food tastes really great.食物尝起来棒极了；The milk tasted terrible.牛奶尝起来很糟糕；同类型的词仍有：与感官有关的look 看起来 ,feel 摸上去 ,smell 闻起来 ,taste 尝起来,sound听起来 等；表示变化的 become变成 , get变得 , turn变成 等；表示某种情形或状态连续的连系动词keep保持 ,stay保持 等； 划线部分均作表语He looks very young.他看起来很年轻；The cake smells delicious这. 蛋糕闻起来挺好；The story sounds true这. 故事听起来真实；When spring comes, the days get longer and the weather gets warmer.春天来时,白天变长,天气变暖；Florence Nightingale became a famous nurse.弗洛伦斯 ·南丁格尔成了一个闻名的护士；Dr Bethune became very popular then那. 时白求恩大夫变得很受欢迎了；His face turned redder and redde他r. 的脸变得越来越红了；Please stay happy请. 保持兴奋；They keep busy他.们保持劳碌；14. It was wonderful. 它特别壮丽！【解析】 wonder w.nd.v 想知道wonderful w.nd .ful adj. 出色的Dehong is a wonderful city in Yunnan province.A. cleanB. beautifulC. noisyD. big15. It was my first time there这.是我第一次去那里；【解析】 It s one s first timeto dosth . 某人第一次做某事It was herone time in Yunnan in 2022.16. Did everyone have a good time.大家都玩得很高兴吗？【解析】 have a good time=have fun 玩得高兴,过的开心,其后接 V-ing, 同义短语仍有 enjoy oneself；We had a good time at the party. 我们在晚会上玩得很高兴；= We had fun at the party.= We enjoyed ourselves at the party.17. Did you go shopping. 你们去购物了吗？go shopping意为“ 去购物；去买东西 ”,同义短语为 do some shopping.I usually go shopping on Sundays我. 通常星期天去购物；拓展： “ go+doing”形式表示 “ 去做某事 ”,常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动；go skating 去滑冰go hiking 去go sightseeing 去观光go fishing 去钓鱼go swimming 去游泳go boating 去划船18. The only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read. 唯独的问题是晚上除了读书没什么事可做；【解析】 nothing much to do 意为“ 没什么事可做 ”；I have nothing special to do this afternoon. 今日下午我没什么特殊的事可做；拓展nothingbut 意为“除 之外什么也没有；只有 ”, but 后可接名词或者动词原形；I had nothing but a cup of tea this morning. 我今日早上只喝了杯茶；19. Still no one seemed to be bored即. 使这样 仍旧没有人看起来无聊；【解析】 seem 可作不及物动词或连系动词,意为 “ 似乎；似乎；看来 ”；Everything seems easy.一切似乎很简洁；拓展seem +形容词 “看起来“You seem happy today.你今日看起来很兴奋； 系表结构 seem + to do sth.“似乎,似乎做某事 “；I seem to have a cold.我似乎感冒了；It seems that/as if似乎,看起来；如：It seems that he is sad. = He seems to be sad. 他似乎很伤心C It seems/seemed +that从句 “看起来似乎 ；似乎“ ；其中 it 为形式主语, that 从句为真正的主语；It seems that no one believes you.看起来似乎没有人信任你；seem like “似乎,似乎 ” ；It seems like a good idea.它似乎是个好想法； 系表结构 bored 与 boring 的区分bored ：厌倦的；郁闷的；感到无聊的；一般在句中修饰人,作表语；boring ：无趣的；令人厌烦的；单调的；一般在句中修饰事或物,可作表语和定语；Im bored with what he said. 我对他说的话厌烦极了；I find the story very boring. 我发觉这个故事太无聊了；.Still no one seemedto be bored. 但是没有人觉得无聊了；【解析 2】boreboring adj. “ 令人厌烦的,厌倦的 ”,其主语多是物一般在句中修饰事或物,可作表语和定语 bored adj.“ 厌烦的,厌倦的 ” ,其主语多是人,一般在句中修饰人,作表语词义辨析： look/seem/appear这些动词均有 “ 看起来,似乎是 ”之意；appear: 指从感观印象看似乎是如此,但有时着重指因视野、观点限制而产生的歪曲印象；look: 指从样子看起来,侧重通过视觉而建立的印象；seem: 多指从主观印象或个人反应得出的看法；20. went to afriends farm in the countryside with my family.我和家人一起去了乡下一个伴侣的农场；【解析】 a friends farm 是名词全部格形式；一般情形下,表示 “有生命的人或物”的名词后面加 s,表示所属关系；The red bike is Alices.那辆红色的自行车是爱丽斯的；【拓展】：名词全部格的构成：1） 单数名词词尾加 “ s”,复数名词词尾没有 s,也要加 “ s”：the girls pen 女孩的钢笔womens shoes女鞋on Children s Day2） 复数名词以 s 结尾的只加 “” ： the students reading room 同学阅览室Teacherss Day 老师节3） 假如两个名词并列,并且分别有 s,就表示 “分别有”；只后一个名词有一个s,就表示 “共有”：Johns and Kates rooms约翰和凯特（各自）的房间Lily and Lucy s father 莉莉和露西的爸爸4）表示无生命的名词一般与 of 构成短语,表示全部关系a map of China一幅中国地图the name of the story那个故事的名字21. Did everyonehave a good tim.e全部人都玩得高兴吗？【解析】have a good time / wonderful/great timefun = enjoy oneself玩的高兴 ,过得开心22. What did Lisa say about.莉萨对说过什么？【解析】 say about意为 “发表对 的看法”；I didnt say anything about it.我对此事什么也没说；23. What activitydo you find enjoyable.你发觉什么活动很好玩？【解析 1】 activity.ktiviti n. 活动； pl 复数： activitiesStudents like outdoor activities. Are you free. Lets do somewith Tom.A. activityB. actorsC. actressesD. Activities【解析 2】enjoyable adj,意为 “开心的；欢乐的 ”；I m sure we will have an enjoyable vacation.我确信我们将会有一个开心的假期；24. I really enjoyedwalking around the twon. 我的确宠爱在城镇邻近漫步；【解析】 joy n 宠爱 enjoy v 宠爱 enjoyable adj. 令人开心的enjoy doing sth 宠爱做某事She enjoyslisten to the music.enjoy oneself = have fun = have a good time玩得兴奋,过得开心 I am glad to be invited to Susans birthday party on Friday evening , Mum. yourself, dear. But remember to be back before 10o clock.A. HelpB. BelieveC. MakeD. EnjoyChildren always have a good time at the Wetland Park湿 地公园 of Liu Panshui.A. enjoy themselvesB. help each otherC. look beautifulD. have a big dinner25. I arrived inpenang inMalaysia this morning with my family.今早我和我的家人到达了马来西亚的滨城；【解析】 arrivevi“到达”；arrive in 表示到达较大的地方,如国家、省、市等；arrive at 表示到达较小的地方,如机场、商店、广场、村庄等；（注：地点副词 home,here, there前介词省略）【辨析】 get/ reach/ arriveget to +地点 =arrive in/at +地点=reach+地点同义短语或单词：get to 到达；reach 到达 ；如表示 “ 到家 ” ： arrive home 或 get home;“ 到那儿”：get there.the afternoon of April 30th ,many foreign visitors arrivedShanghai.A. In ,atB. On, inC. On ,to I arrive in Leishan last Sunday.A.reachB.reached toC.got toD.got toWhen will the planeShanghai. Sorry, I dont know.A. getB. arrive atC. reach Henry, please call us as soon as youHawaii.OK. Ill do that, Mom.A. arrive inB. are arriving in C. will arrive at26. It was sunny and hot, so wedecided to goto the beach near our hotel.天气晴朗且酷热,因此我们打算去我们宾馆邻近的海滩；v. decide 打算（过去式 :decided 过去分词 :decided 现在分词 :deciding 第三人称单数:decides ）常用于以下结构中：1decide to do sth=make up one s mind to do sth 打算去做某事decide on doing sth. 打算什么 decide+从句（ wh-疑问句或 that 从句）；如：We decided to go to New York next month.我们打算下个月去纽约；We decided on going swimming.我们打算去游泳；We can t decide where to go.我么不能打算该去哪儿；He decided that he would buy a new computer.他打算买一台新电脑；· 学问拓展 -相关单词n. decision打算, make a decision表示“做打算 ”；如：I made a decision to study better.我打算好好学习；3make a decision on +n/doing(4) decide on 选定；打算【拓展】：1）decide 后常跟“疑问词+动词不定式 ” 做宾语；He cant decide whenleave他 不能打算何时动身；2）decide 后常跟宾语从句；I cant decide where. 我不能打算我该去哪儿；Harry has decidedan online shop after graduating from school.A. openB.to openC. openedD. opening It was dark outside. Sue decidedto the bank alone.not goingB. going notC. not to goD. to not go27. What a difference a day makes. 一天竟如此不同！ （多么与众不同的 一天啊！）【解析】 different adj. 不同的 differently adv. 不同地difference n. 不同点be different from= be not the same as与.不同 反 the same asThere are some differences between . and“.和.两者间的不同点 ”· 基本用法n. difference 不同, make a/the difference 表示“ 要紧,起作用,有所不同 ”,也可用make a/no/little/much/some difference 表示“ 对有/没有/几乎没有 /有很大/有些影响 ”；如：It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.他去仍是留对我没有影响；What you have told me may make a difference to my own opinion.你告知我的一切,可能影响我自己的看法；Does his absence make a difference to your work.假如没有他,对你的工作会有影响吗？【解析】 1 what 修饰名词,引导的感叹句的形式：What + a/ an + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！Eg. What a beautiful park it is. 这是一个多么美丽的公园啊！What nice weather. 多么好的天气！What lovely dogs they are. 多么可爱的一群小狗啊！2 how 修饰形容词或副词,引导感叹句的形式：How + 形容词或副词 + 主语 + 谓语！Eg.How wonderful the waterfall looks.瀑布看起来多壮丽啊！How+ 形容词+a/an+可数名词单数 +主语+谓语！ How beautiful a piace it is. 多美的一个地方啊！ How+ 主语+谓语！How time flies.光阴似箭！28. My sister and I tried paragliding. 我和姐姐尝试了滑翔伞运动；【解析】 tryvi试图,设法,努力其后常接名词、动名词或不定式,意为“ 尝试；试图,设法；努力 ” （过去式 :tried 过去分词 :tired 现在分词 :trying第三人称单数 :tries）I dont think I can do it,but Ill try. 我认为我做不了它,但是我要尝试一下；【拓展】 1try on 试穿(2) try