2022年新版八级英语下册第一至第十单元知识点总结.docx

一、基础学问新版八年级英语下册半期考试复习第一至第五单元学问点总结Unit 1 What s the matter.1. What s tmheatter . 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】 matter/ ' m.t .r /n. 问题；事情What s the matter with you.= What s the trouble with you.= What s wrong with you. 你怎么了？have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒have a fever 发烧have a cough 咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼,肚子疼have a toothache 牙疼have a headache头疼4. much too+形容词,意为太., too much+ 名词,意为很多,大量 ；5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地, enough 放在名前后,形副后；good enough 足够好, enough money=much money8. sound like+ 名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don t know the truth.It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词, “听起来,似乎 ”,The music sounds nice.9. need 需要,实义动词 need+名词,需要某物；need to do sth.需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.10. get off the bus下（公交车）get on 上车11. agree 同意,赞同；agree with sth. 同意某事如： I agree with that idea.agree to sb.同意某人的看法如： I agree to LiLei.12. trouble 问题,麻烦 ；be in trouble 遇到麻烦,make trouble 制造麻烦 ,have trouble in doing sth. =have difficulties in doing sth 做 有麻烦；13. right away=right now=at once ,意为 立刻 ；14. 【复习】 advice 不行数名词 劝说,建议,向 征求看法, give sb. advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议；advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事advise sb. doing sth.15. 【复习】 exercise 练习、锤炼当 exercise 意为 “练习 ”时,为可数名词即可加 s当 exercise 意为 “锤炼 ”时,为不行数名词即不加 s16. hurt 及物动词,使 疼痛, 受伤, He hurt his leg while exercising.不及物动词, （部位）疼；His leg hurt badly.18. hit（用手或器具）打；击打The boy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on 用在所打较硬的部位；hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in 用在所打较软的部位；19. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了 、做某事,强调状态；get/ become used to sth./ doing sth.变得习惯,“逐步适应 ”强调过程、动作：It s difficult for one to get used to another countryit. s hab20. 【复习】 free 形容词 闲暇的 free time；免费的 the drink is for free ；自由的 I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使 解脱,得到自由：He could not free his arm.21. run out 用完,用完When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物 sth. run out.某物用完了；人 sb. run out of sth.人用完了某物； He run out of all his money last night.22. risk sb. to do sth.冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks冒险23. the importance of doing sth. （做）某事的重要性importancen.重要（性）, importantadj.重要的, decision【名词】 打算； 选择； make a decision做打算 ; make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth. ；25. be in the control of掌管,管理The headmaster is in the control of this new school.be out of control 无法掌握,无法治理be under control 被掌握住,在掌握之中26. 【复习】 mind 意为介意,mind doing sth.介意做某事,Would you mind my opening the window.27. give up doing sth.舍弃（做）某事,give up playing computer games ；give up 后可接名词、代词和动词ing 形式,也可不接,如 :Never give up easily.Unit 2I ll help to clean up the cityparks一、基本学问点2. cheer sb. up （让某人）变得兴奋；兴奋起来3. give out 分发；散发,相当于hand out, give sth. out to sb.意为把某物分发给某人；4. volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事 ,5. used to do sth.过去/曾经 常做某事,表示过去的习惯、动作或状态,并强调现在已经不再存在或发生；6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的,无感情颜色：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely（感到）孤独孤寂的,带有很强的感情颜色,可做表语或定语；The lonely boy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth.照管；照管 care 【名词】当心,关怀take care of=look after 【动词】 care about sb./sth.关怀,在意某人 /事【形容词】 careful认真的/ careless马虎的 【副词】 carefully认真地8. such这“样的,这种,如此 ”,用于修饰名词such+ a/ an+形容词 +单数名词： such a good day多么美好的一天/such an exciting match多么出色的竞赛 such+形容词 +复数名词 /不行数名词： such important decisions多么重要的建议such delicious food多么美味的食物假如名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时,只能用 so,而不用 such： so many sick children/ so little time9. try out for参与选拔,争取成为 Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.try out 试用,试验10. journey【名词】（尤指长途）旅行,行程；trip 【名词】多指短途旅行； travel【名词、动词】 travel around the world【名词】 traveler 旅行者11. 【复习】 be busy withsth.忙于（做）什么事情be busy doing sth.忙于（做）什么事情12【.复习】try doing sth.试着去做某事只是一种尝试try to do sth.试着做 尽力去做某事try one s best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事13. 【复习】 be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth.担忧某人、某事14. raise money 集资,筹钱； raise money for raise【动词】举起；提高；募集为 筹钱15. keep【动词】 keep+名词,保留（某物） ； keep+形容词,保持16. 【形容词】 broken 破旧的,出毛病的； blind 瞎的,失明的； deaf 聋的； disabled 有残疾的,丢失才能的；在句中做定语和表语；17. make it possible for sb. to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为可能,You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.make it +形容词 +for sb. to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为 ；think/find it + 形容词 to do sth.18. make a difference to对有影响；对 有作用, difference 前可以用 no, any, some, much 等修饰,如19. difficulty 【可数 /不行数】表示抽象意义的“困难 ”时为不行数；表示详细的“难题、难事 ”时为可数；have difficulty in doing sth.= have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难20. train【动词】训练, trained 为过去分词,可做定语,意为“受过训练的 ” a trained dog21. be excited about sth.对某事感到兴奋, Everyone is excited about the good news.【复习】 excited 意为兴奋的,修饰人；exciting 意为令人兴奋 /兴奋的,修饰物；22. order【名词】命令,指示；次序,次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order ；23. change【动词】变化,转变It s hard for a person to change his lifestyle【. 名词】变化；零钱change A for B 用 A 换成 B ：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.24. repair 【动词】修理,修补；fix 【动词】安装；使固定【 fix up 修理=repair 】Unit3 Could you please clean your room.Could you please（ not） do sth .请你（做）好吗？用于提出恳求,期望得到对方的确定回答,说话的语气比较客气委婉；Could 不是 can 的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法；回答用can.【常用答语】确定回答： Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答： Sorry , I ca nt Could I do a sth. 我可以做吗？用于表达恳求,语气比较委婉；Could I go out with my classmate this weekend.2】at least 至少,多指数量或程度上的最低限度；反 at most 至多,不超过3】finish v终止；完成finish doing sth做完某事【留意】 enough 修饰名词时,置于名词前；修饰形容词时,置于形容词之后；【拓展】 take 构成的短语：take a walk去漫步take a rest 休息take care of 照管take off脱下；起飞 take up 占据take down 拿下take one s time不急；渐渐来take one s temperatu量re体温7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .我刚坐在电视机前面,我妈妈就过来了；【解析 1】the minute = as soon as“一. 就.指在物体外部的前面【”解析 2】 in front of【辨析】in front ofin the front ofThere is a bike in front of the classroom.指在物体内部的前面Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom【留意】有 the 无 the 区分大： at table 吃饭；进餐at the tabel 在桌边 in hospital住院 in the hospital在医院（不肯定看病）【解析 3】come over 过来【拓展】 come 短语：come across（偶然）发觉come back 回来come up with 想出come true 实现come down 下来come from=be from来自 ,诞生于此处删除come in/into 进入,进来come on 赶快 ,加油come along 走吧,过来 ,快点come and go 来来去去come up 上来come out 出来, 花 开, 照片 冲洗出来7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house. 你总是看电视,从不帮忙做家务！ all the time= always始终；总是8. I m juas tired as you are.我和你一样累！ 【解析】 as.as .和.一样 .9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I .一周的时间,她不做任何家务,我也不做；【解析】 neither +助动词 /系动词 /情态动词 +主语“某人（主语）也不” neither 两者都不neither nor 既不 也不 ,连接两个词做主语,谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student10. The next day , my mom came home from work tofind the house clean and tidy.其次天,妈妈下班回到家后发觉房间很洁净、洁净；【解析】 find + 宾语+宾语补足语 【注】 find foundfound v查找 1 find sb. doing sth发觉某人做某事 2 find it +adj. + to do sth 发觉做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth发觉做某事很困难11. She asked in surprise .她惊讶地问道；【解析】 in surprise 诧异地；惊讶地surprise v 使惊讶 surprising adj.令人惊讶的 surprised adj. 惊讶的 to one s surpri使se某人惊讶的是in surprise惊讶地 be surprised at 对 感到惊讶 To my surprise _使我惊讶的是）,he got the first prize in the exam.【解析 1】needv 需要用于确定句, 是实义动词； 1 人做主语, sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事 2物做主语, sth need doing sth= sth need to be done用于否定句或疑问句,是情态动词1needn t = don t h没av有e 必to 要 2need ,must 引导的一般疑问句,确定会的用must, 否定回答用 neednt Must I go there now. Yes, you must/No, you neednt【解析 2】share 共享；共用share sth 共享或共用某物 share sth with sb. 与某人共享某物13. Could I hang out with my friends after the movie.看完电影后我能和伴侣们一起闲逛吗？【解析】hang out 闲逛hang up把悬挂 /挂起14. Could you please pass me the salt.你能把盐递给我吗？【解析】 pass v 给；递；走过；通过pass sb.sth 把某物递给某人 v 通过；路过I pass your home. v 通过（考试）；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.15. Could I borrow that book.我能借下你那本书看吗、Could you lend me some money. 你能借我一些钱吗？【解析】 borrow /lend/keep(1) borrow借入 ,与 from连用, 尤指主语 “【借进来 ”】borrow sth from sb.从某人那里借某物You can borrow the book from the library.(2) lend 借出 ,与 to 搭配 【指借出去】lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 He doesn t want to lend his book to others. 3keep 保留,储存（连续动词,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】【记】 I want toborrowabike from my friend but he didnt _lendit to me,because Tom had _keptit for two days.16. I cut my finger and Itrying nomt to get it wet. 我的手指割伤了,伤口不能弄湿；【解析】 try not to do sth 努力（不）做某事tryv试图,设法,努力【拓展】 1try on试穿 2 try to do sth努力做某事【侧重尽力做】3 try doing sth试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】4try one s best to do sth= do one s尽b某es人t t最o 大do努st力h 做某事17. I hate to do chores. 我厌恶做家务；hate to do sth 厌恶做某事 , 表示某次详细行为或动作；hate doing sth 不情愿做某事表示常常或习惯性行为或动作；18. Could I ask you to help me with some chores then. 那我能恳求你帮我做些杂活吗？【解析】 ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事；ask for 恳求,要某物ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事(1) ask sb. for help 向某人恳求帮忙2 ask sb. not to do sth 恳求某人做某事19.Ifinllish my homework while you help me with the dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候,我将完成我的家庭作业；【解析 1】finish doing sth完成某事【解析2】while conj.While引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是连续动词；【解析 3】help sb. with sth.在某事上帮忙某人；在“ 期间； 当 的时候 ”20. Could I invite my friends to a party . 我能邀请我的伴侣们来聚会吗？【解析】 invite sb. to Sp.邀请某人去某地【解析】invitev invitationn 邀请 1 invite sb. to do sth邀请某人做某事(2) invite sb. to + 地点 邀请某人去某地I. don t understand why some paremnatske their kids help with housework and chores at home.我不懂得为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务；【解析】 make sb. do sth 让某人做某事make made made v. 做, 制作, 使得(1) make sb/sth + 形容词“让某人或某物 ” make you happy(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事make me laugh.22. They donhavt e time to study and do housework ,too. 他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务；【解析】 have time to do sth. 有时间做某事have time =be free 有空23. Housework is a waste of their time.做家务是在铺张他们的时间；【解析】 a waste of 铺张 a waste of time 铺张时间 a waste of money 铺张金钱waste time/money on sthwaste time / money in doing sth在做某事上花费时间 /金钱(2) pay paid pai支d 付v ,主语是人 sb.+ pay + 钱+for sthI pay 10 yuan for the book.3 cost cvost花费,c主os语t sth cost sb. +钱某物花费某人多少钱A new computer costs me a lot of money.是某物或某事(4) take took taken花v费 It takes /took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.【解析 2】in order to目“的是；为了 ” 后接动词原形；in order to do sth为了做某事【解析3】get into =enter进入【拓展】与 get 相关的短语：get up 起床get back 返回get over 克服get dressed穿衣get into 进入get/be lost 丢失get off/on 下/上车get on well with sb. 与某人相处得好get out of 从出来get warm 变暧get ready for +n. 为做预备get ready to do sth.预备做某事get well 康复get a chance 有机会、得到机会get/go to sleepfall asleep 入睡相关： be asleep 睡着 【解析】 provide sth. for sb.为某人供应某物 provide v供应 provide sb. with sth. sb前介词用 for=provide sth for sb. sth前需加介词 with 供应某人某物相当于： offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.provide为 应 急 等 做 好 准 备 而 “提供； 供应 ”offer侧重表示 “情愿赐予 ”provide sb. with sth.=provide sth for sb. 供应某人某物offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.对某人供应某物offer to do sth主动提出干某事supply定期 “供应 ” , 强调替代或补充所需物品Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb.为某人供应某物28.解析】 It is important for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是重要的29. 【解析】 depend on 依靠；信任30. 【解析 1】 do one s pa尽rt 职责；尽本分 Do one s part in doing sth在做某事上尽职责keep系动词“保持 ” keep + adj . We must keep healthy实. 义动词 “保持；连续 ”(1) keep on doing sth连续做某事2 keep sb. Doing sth 让某人始终做某事31. 【解析】 develop independence 培育独立意识develop v development n 进展 developing adj. 进展 developed adj . 发达的a developing country一个进展中国家a developed country 一个发达国家33. 【解析】 take care of 照管Thanks for your invitation, but I m so sorry I can t gcoa.reI noef ed tomy batabkyeat home.【拓展】与 take 相关的短语：take photos/pictures 照像take away 拿走take out 取出 work out 算出 take care 当心take medicine 服药take place 发生take one s temperat量ur体e 温take one s ti别m着e34. 【解析 1】as a result 结果 （插入语,放在句首,用逗号隔开）Don t ask him too late into the night,As a result, he is only a small child.【解析 2】fall ill生病fall asleep入睡35 .【解析】 the + 比较级, the + 比较级“越. 越.”The more you smile, thehappieryou will feel.急take a walk 漫步Unit 4 Why donut ytaolk to your parents.一、基础学问1. Why don t you taltko your parents. 你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢？【解析】 Why don't you do sth .= Why not do sth.为什么不呢？【拓展】用于提建议的句型有：1What about doing sth .=How about doing sth.怎么样？ 2Why don t you do sth.= Why not do sth.为什么不呢？ 3Let s do 让sth我. 们一起做某事吧； 4Shall we/I do sth. 我们做 好吗？5had better do/not do sth最好做 /不做某事 6 Will/Would you please do sth请你做 好吗？7 Would you like to do sth.你想去做某事吗？8Would you mind doing sth ？你介意做某事吗？【回答】(1). 同意对方的建议时,一般用： Good idea./ Thatod isdegao. 好想法 OK/ All right./ Great好/ 行/太好了 Yes, please ./ I d是lo的ve/ to我情愿 I agree with you我同意你的看法 No problem没问题 Sure/ Of course/ Certainly当然可以 Yes, I think so对,我也这样想(2). 对对方的帮忙或要求表示委婉谢绝时,一般用： I don tthink so 我认为不是这样 Sorry, I can t对不起,我不能 I ldove to, but I m afraid我情愿,但唯恐 【解析 1】1too many +复数名词 很多too many people2too much + 不行数名词很多 too much homework 3muchtoo +形容词太 much too cold【解析】 allow sb. to do sth答应某人做某事【拓展】 allowv 答应allow doing sth答应做某事They don t allow smokinga.llow sb. to do sth答应某人做某事My mother allows me to watch TV.be allowed to do sth被答应做某事【拓展】 allow 与 let 的辨析：allow 指“答应 ”,表示 “默许,听任,不加阻挡”, allow sb to do sth 答应某人做某事；Let 指“让 ”, let sb do sth 让某人做某事,语意较弱,多用于口语中,let 不能用于被动语态；【解析】 go to sleep 去睡觉 强调 “入睡,睡着 ”这一动作）【解析】 look看起来 （系动词,后跟形容词作宾语）【拓展】：系动词：后跟 adj.作表语一是：（ be） am /is /arebe quiet=keep quiet 保持寂静二保持： stay/keep （表示连续状态）stay healthy=keep healthy保持健康三变化： become/get/turn（表示状态变化）五起来： sound/look/smell/taste/feel（表示感觉）【解析 1】find sb. doing sth发觉某人正在做某事【解析2】look through浏览【拓展】与 look 相关的短语：lookforlookafter=takecare oflooklikelookthe samelookoverlookthroughlookout look uplook aroundlook forward to【解析】 be angry with sb.生某人的气【拓展】 angry adj.愤怒的 angrily adv. 愤怒地 1be angry with sb. =be mad at sb.对某人愤怒【 with 后接人】2be angry at/about sth 对某事感到愤怒【at 后接事】 3be angry to do sth做某事感到愤怒【拓展】 although/however 辨析 although conj, “虽然；即使；纵然”,引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可； however adv,在句中作插入语, 起一个连词的作用, 一般用逗号与句子分开, 可放在句首或句中,意为 “然而, 尽管如此 ”；【解析】 leave v 遗忘,留下 leave sth . somewhere 把某物忘在某地leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下【解析 1】hope v 期望hope to do sthhope + that 从句 （表示期望）wish v 期望wish to do sthwish sb.to do sth 期望某人做某事【解析】 get on with sb.和某人和谐相处；和某人关系良好=get along withget on well/ badly with相处的好 /坏【解析 1】argue 争执argue with sb.与某人争执argue with sb. about sth为某事与某人争执【解析 2】be nice to sb. 对某人友好 be friendly to sbbe good to sb.【解析】 refuse =say no tov 拒绝 refuse to do sth 拒绝去做某事【解析】offer to do sth主动提出做某事【拓展】 offer v 主动赐予 1 offer t