2022年新目标英语七级上册名词冠词代词等总结与练习题 .docx

远辉训练七年级英语秋季班第八讲-名词、冠词、介词、代词及动词的语法授课人： Miss Yuan同学：Tel:62379828一、 初一英语语法专项 1 名词；名词分为可数名词和不行数名词；1.可数名词 单数变复数法就规律例子1 一般情形下在名词后面直接+s,s 在浊辅音后面读 z ,在清辅音后面读s ；2 以 s、x 、ch、sh 等结尾的单词 +es,读izbookbooksdog dogsday days tree treesAmerican- Americansclass-watch-box- dish- 3 以 o 结尾的词有生命的+es,读z ； 口诀：黑人请英雄吃土豆、番茄和芒果 ；无生命的 +s,读 z ；有生命：negro-hero-； potato-tomato-mango- 无生命：photo- 4以 f 、fe 结尾的名词,变 f、fe 为v+es,读iz ；个别以 f 结尾的名wife-wives 妻子 ; knife-knives （小刀） ; wolf-wolves （狼） ; thief-thieves（小偷） ; shelf-shelves 架子；life-lives （生命、生活） ;词,直接加 s,读 s ；leaf-leave（s树叶）； gulf-gulfs 海岸；roof5 以 y 结尾的,假如 y 前面是辅音, 把 y 改为 i,再加-es, 读iz ；假如 y 前面是元音, 直接加 s,读z ；屋顶; chief 首领；serf 农奴;辅音加 y：baby - babies元音加 y： 6 有些名词有 不规章的复数形式Am/is- woman- foot- childchildrenman-mentooth-teeth（牙齿） mousemice 老鼠7 有些名词的单复数形式相同sheepsheep【练一练】1.写出以下单词的复数形式； ChineseChinese_leafflyfoxbusbenchdish rulerpeachglasspencilboy manroofsheepkeystory 1. These are hisparent.3. His fatherbe a teacher.4. My friendsbe students.1>There are so manywolfin the forest. 2>There are threechair in the classroom.3>Thesetomatoare red.4>hero are great. 5>My brother looks after twobaby6>There are somedeer eating the grass.7>My father likes to eatpotato.8>Chinesepeoplelike to eat noodles. 9>I have a lot oftoy in my bedroom.10>I have twopencil-box.2、不行数名词1). 不行数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式；如： The food is very fresh.食品很新奇；2). 有的不行数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化；如： water （水） waters （水域）orange （橘汁） oranges （橘子）3). 许多的不行数名词表示泛指时为不行数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化；如： fruit fruits foodfoodssport-sports4 可数名词前可用详细的数词来表示详细的数量；如：two apples, four books等；不行数名词前通常用 "单位词+of" 来表示数量；如：a piece of paper, three pieces ofpaper, a glasses of wate等r ；3. 名词全部格 1）单数名词后直接加s：Jims coat 吉姆的外套Jeffs mother 杰夫的妈妈2）以 s 结尾的复数名词,只加Teachers Day 老师节the twinsbooks 双胞胎的书3）表示两者共同拥有时,只在最终一个名词后加sLucy and Lily s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈 共同的妈妈,一个妈妈 4）表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加sLucy s and Kate s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间,两间房子）4. 【诊断评判】1、Thereon the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoesB. are photosC. is a photoD. is photos2. This carmade in Shanghai.A. isB .areC .were D .has3. There are fourand twoin the group.A. Japanese, GermenB Japaneses, GermenC. Japanese,GermanC.Japanese, Germans4. Thatsart book.A. anB. aC. the D are5. The boys have gotalready.A. two breadB.two breadsC. two pieces of breadD.two piece of bread1. Today is September 10th. It'sDay.A. TeacherB. Teacher'sC. Teachers'D. Teacher'2. It's June 1st, it'sDay.A. ChildrensB. Children'sC. Childrens'D. Childrens's3. Lin Tao is ill, so he has to go to the.A. doctorB. doctor'sC. doctors'D. doctor'4. Where is Mr. Zhang.He is in the.A. teacher's reading roomB. teachers' reading roomC. teacher reading roomD. teachers reading room5. This isball. It's not.A. the boy's, girl'sB. the boy's, the girl'sC. the boy, the girlD. boys', girls二、初一英语语法专项 2冠词1、分类冠词可分为 不定冠词（ a/an ）、定冠词（ the ）和零冠词（不用冠词） ；2、用法1） . 不定冠词（ a/an ）不定冠词 a an 表示的意思是“一个”； a 用于辅音音素开头的词前； 而 an 就用于元音音素开头的词前；例如： The little boy eats an apple, and the little girl eats a banana.（1） ）用于可数名词的单数形式前,表示“一”；There is an apple on the plate.（2） ）第一次提到某人或某物；This is an English-Chinese dictionary.（3） ） 在一些固定搭配中 a set of你学会了吗？咱们来练习一下吧！1.bike is very useful in the countryside. 2.There iscar in the yard.2） .定冠词（ the ）放在名词前,表示特定的事物或人；（1） 其次次提到某人或某物,用定冠词theLook. There is a ball under the table. The ball is mine.（2） 用于指说话双方都知道的事物或人；Would you mind closing the window.（3） 放在序数词前；Monday is the second day of the week.（4） 表示世上独一无二的事物；The earth goes around the sun.（5） 演奏某项乐器时,乐器前需加 the ；如： play the drums/play the piano/ play the violin（6） 在一些固定搭配中；如：in the morning在上午 in the afternoon在下午in the evening在晚上3） . 零冠词用法(1) 在季节、月份、星期、节日、日期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词；It is very cold in winter in Beijing.2 ）在一日三餐、表示 球类运动名词前不用冠词 ；After we have lunch, we will play football.（ 3）在固定搭配中 , 名词前不需要用冠词；如：at school在学校go to bed睡觉hand in hand手拉手3. 【诊断评判】1. He often hasegg and some milk for breakfast.A. /B. aC. theD. an2. -Whats the otruble with Lingling.- She doesnt go toschool and stay inbed now.A. a; /B. the; theC. /; /D. /; a3. -Do you havedictionary.-No, but Lucy hasnew dictionary on the bookshelf.A. a; theB. the; theC. the; aD. a; a4. earth is round.A. AB. AnC. TheD. /6. I hope you havehappy day today.A. aB. anC. theD. /7. Whites are having dinner together.A. AB. TheC. AnD. /8. There isorange and some pineapples in the basket.A. theB. /C. aD. an9. Lisa hashat.hat is very beautiful.A. a; AB. an; AC. a; TheD. an; /10. Im watchingmovie. It is aboutinteresting love story.A. a; anB. a; aC. the; theD. /; an三、初一英语语法专项3介词；介词（虚词）,不能在句子中独立充当成分；它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语活从句前；1. In1） What s thinis English.2） My sister and I arein the same school. 3） Jack and Mary are in the same class.4） She is in No. 37 Middle School.5） I am in Class Seven, Grade Seven.6） Her mother is in England, but her father isin Chengdu, China. 7） In the first picture/in the next picture8） My pencil is in the desk.2. At在.加电话号码或邮件地址1) Please call Jack/me/usat 123-45672) Please email Helen/me/himat yyhooo.3) My father is at home, he isn3. Of属于.at school.t1) Here is a nice photoof my family.2) There is a mapof China.4. For为了.至于.1) Thanks/Thank you for your pencil.2) Ask our teacherfor your computer games.3) For lunch, I like rice.5. On在.之上1) Where is my bag.It is on the bed2) I only watch football games on TV.6. Under 在.之下1Where are my books.They are under the chair.7. With 和.一起,带有 .1） I often play football with my friends.8. about 关于 .1) How about this apple？2) What about that apple.3) Ask you about your sports collection.9. 【诊断评判】（见附页）四、初一英语语法专项 4 代词； 代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词；1 .人称代词 : 人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词；【 说明】：人称代词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语；人称代词在 动词、 be 动词之后常用 宾格.Eg. Who is it.- It s me.Call him at 10085.1.am Maggie.2.is Lily. 3.is Jack.4.are boys.5.are smart. 6.are students.7. is a desk.8. Thisis a desk.2 .物主代词：【说明】：1）、形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词,一般不单独使用；2）、名词性物主代词常用来防止和前面提及的名词重复；相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词” ；my book=mineher sister= hers3）、名词性物主代词可用在of 后面作定语,相当于“ of+ 名词全部格”,表示带有部分概念或有肯定的感情颜色；如：He is a friend of mine.他是我的一个伴侣；He is a friend of Jacks.【练一练】1 .This isruler .北京西城区 A .myB .mineC .ID .me2 .Kate and her sister went on holiday with a classmate of.黑龙江 A .herB .hersC .theirD .theirs 3 .Is this dictionaryor. It s mine内.蒙 古A .your ;hersB .yours ;herC .your ;herD .yours ;hers 4 .Can I borrowpencil .is broken .河北A .you ;MyB .your ;MeC .your ;MineD .your ;My5 .These arecups .are over there .河 南A .our ;YoursB .yours ;MineC .his ;OurD .their ;Your 6 .schoolbag is much better than.山西A .Her ;meB .Hers ;myC .Hers ;mineD .Her ;mine7 .Kate has lostkey .asksfor help .山西A .her ,He ,IB .his ,He ,meC .his ,She ,ID .her ,She ,me 8 .This isn tpen ,I think it s.湖南A .my ;hersB .his ;herC .my ;yourD .mine ;his3. 指示代词 : this that these those指示代词是表示“那个”、“这个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词；指示代词有 this,that,these,those等；在句中可以作主语、宾语、主语补语、介词宾语等；如： This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做；I like this better than that. 比起那个我更喜爱这个；My point is this. 我的观点就是如此；（）1.pen is red.pencil is green.A. this, thatB. These, ThoseC. That, ThoseD. This, That（ ）2. Isa panda over there.A. thisB. thatC. thoseD. these（ ）3. two boys are Mr.Greenssons.A. ThisB. These C. ThatD. those（ ）4.two girls are Mary and Linda.A. ThisB. TheyC. ThatD. Those1. is my aunt. We often visit. she 2. China is a developing country.is in the east of Asia. its 3. What day istoday.is Thursday. its4. I own a blue bike. The red one isn t. I 5. These new houses are so nice.are very expensive. them 4.疑问代词： what ？ Who.What color is the pen？ What is your name.Who is this boy.五、初一英语语法专项 5动词1. 只有主语在 第三人称单数时 用动词的 “三单形式 ”,其他人称用 动词原形； 动词三单形式的变化规章：1). 规章变化多数直接在动词词尾加 -s.play playslike likes ask-askswork-worksget-gets以字母 s, x, ch, sh或 o 结尾的动词 ,在词尾直接 加-es.watch-watcheswish-wishesdo-doesgo-goes以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词,要先 变 y 为 i 再加-es. try-triesstudy-studiescry-criesfly-flies以“ 元音字母加 -y” 结尾的动词,直接 加-s:play-plays2). 不规章变化： be- ishavehas2. 动词的 ing 和 to do 形式I like playing ping-pong but my brother likes to play basketball.Like 和 love 一样,后面可以跟动词ing 形式和不定式结构（ to. ）3. 祈使句后面接动词原形；1） Lets play tennis.2) Pleasecall me.3) Dont run.4. 【诊断评判】 用所给动词的正确形式填空1. He oftengo to the English corner.2. Helikespeak English at the English corner.3. Annhave many friends here in China.4. My parentsbe both office workers.5. Liu Ting doesn t like Englaisllh. Saht e seldom很少 speak English there.6. Maria is a student. Shestudy in a school in Beijing now.7. -Janelive live in England.8. Michael_ not likeeat some chicken.9. Kangkang s father be not a tea.cher10. Let sgo shop.11. Joe is my sister. Shelikeplay basketball very much.13. Let me help you _ _ study English.14. Let s _ begin ousr sc.la16. Pleasebring my bag here.15.not watch TV.人称代词物主代词数人称主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第 一 人称第 二 人单称数第 三 人称第 一 人称复第 二 人数称第 三 人称我你他她它我们你们他们 她们、它们