2022年初中英语知识点归纳总结.docx

一般现在时 的用法1) 常常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用；时间状语 : EVERY ,SOMETIMES, AT,ON S UNDAYI LEAVE HOME FOR SCHOOL AT7 EVERY MORNING.2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实； T HE EARTH MOVES AROUND THE SUN. S HANGHAI LIES IN THE EAST OFCHINA .3) 表示格言或警句中；P RIDE GOES BEFORE A FALL. 骄者必败；留意 :此用法假如显现在宾语从句 中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时 ；例:C OLUMBUS PROVED THAT THE EARTH IS ROUND.4) 现在时刻的状态、才能、性格、个性；I DON T WANT SO MUCH.A NN WANG WRITES GOODENGLISH BUT DOES NOT SPEAK WELL.比较 :N OW I PUT THE SUGAR IN THE CUP. I AM DOING MY HOMEWORK NOW.第一句用 一般现在时 ,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬时动作；再如:N OW WATCH ME , ISWITCH ON THE CURRENT AND STAND BACK. 其次句中的NOW 是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况, 所以后句用一般现在时；2. 一般过去时 的用法1) 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态；时间状语有 :YESTERDAY , LAST WEEK, AN HOUR AGO, THE OTHER DAY, IN 1982 等；W HERE DID YOU GO JUST NOW.2) 表示在过去一段时间内,常常性或习惯性的动作；W HEN I WAS A CHILD , I OFTEN PLAYED FOOTBALL IN THE STREET.W HENEVER THEB ROWNS WENT DURING THEIR VISIT, THEY WERE GIVEN A WARM WELCOME.3) 句型 :I T IS TIME FOR SB. TO DO STH" 到 时间了 " "该 了"I T IS TIME SB . DID STH . " 时间已迟了 " "早该 了" I T IS TIME FOR YOU TO GO TO BED. 你该睡觉了；I T IS TIME YOU WENT TO BED. 你早该睡觉了；WOULDHAD RATHER SB . DID STH . 表示 宁愿某人做某事 I D RATHER YOU CAME TOMORROW.4) WISH , WONDER , THINK , HOPE等用过去时,作摸索性的询问、恳求、建议等；I THOUGHT YOU MIGHT HAVE SOME. 我以为你想要一些；比较 :一般过去时 表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在；C HRISTINE WAS AN INVALID ALL HER LIFE. 含义:她已不在人间； C HRISTINE HAS BEEN AN INVALID ALL HER LIFE. 含义:她现在仍活着 M RS . D ARBY LIVED INK ENTUCKY FOR SEVEN YEARS. 含义:达比太太已不再住在 肯塔基州 ；M RS . D ARBY HAS LIVED INK ENTUCKY FOR SEVEN YEARS. 含义 :现在仍住在 肯塔基州 ,有可能指刚离去欢迎阅读留意 : 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气；1) 动词 WANT , HOPE , WONDER , THINK , INTEND等；D ID YOU WANT ANYTHING ELSE.I WONDERED IF YOU COULD HELP ME.2) 情态动词其次人称；W HICH PARAGRAPH SHALLI READ FIRST .W ILL YOU BE AT HOME AT SEVEN THIS EVENING.2) BE GOING TO+ 不定式,表示将来；A . 主语的意图,即将做某事；W HAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO TOMORROW.B . 方案,支配要发生的事；T HE PLAY IS GOING TO BE PRODUCED NEXT MONTH；C. 有迹象要发生的事LOOK AT THE DARK CLOUDS, THERE IS GOING TO BE A STORM.3) BE + 不定式表将来,按方案或正式支配将发生的事；W E ARE TO DISCUSS THE REPORT NEXTSATURDAY .4) BE ABOUT TO+不定式,意为立刻做某事；H E IS ABOUT TO LEAVE FORBEIJING .留意 :BE ABOUT TO不能与 TOMORROW , NEXT WEEK等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用；5. BE GOING TO/ WILL用于条件句时,BE GOING TO表将来WILL表意愿欢迎阅读I F YOU ARE GOING TO MAKE A JOURNEY, YOU D BETTER GET READY FOR IT A S SOON AS POSSIBLE.N OW IF YOU WILL TAKE OFF YOUR CLOTHES, WE WILL FIT THE NEW CLOTHES ON YOU IN FRONT OF THE MIRROR.6. BE TO 和 BE GOING TOBE TO表示客观支配或受人指示而做某事；BE GOING TO表示主观的准备或方案；I AM TO PLAY FOOTBALL TOMORROW AFTERNOON. 客观支配 I M GOING TO PLAY FOOTBALL TOMORROW AFTERNOON. 主观支配 7. 一般现在时表将来1) 以下动词 :COME , GO , ARRIVE , LEAVE , START , BEGIN , RETURN的一般现在时表将来；这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或支配好的事情；T HE TRAIN LEAVES AT SIX TOMORROW MORNING.W HEN DOES THE BUS STAR. IT STARS IN TEN MINUTES.2) 倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如:H ERE COMES THE BUS. = T HE BUS IS COMING. T HERE GOES THE BELL. = THE BELL IS RINGING.3) 在时间或条件句中；W HEN BILL COMES不是 WILL COME , ASK HIM TO WAIT FOR ME. I LL WRITE TO YOU AS SOON ASI ARRIVE THERE.4) 在动词 HOPE , TAKE CARE THAT, MAKE SURE THAT等后；I HOPE THEY HAVE A NICE TIME NEXT WEEK.MAKE SURE THAT THE WINDOWS ARE CLOSED BEFORE YOU LEAVE THE ROOM.11. 用于 现在完成时 的句型欢迎阅读1) I T IS THE FIRST/ SECOND TIME.THAT 结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时 ；I T IS THE FIRST TIME THATI HAVE VISITED THE CITY.I T WAS THE THIRD TIME THAT THE BOY HAD BEEN LATE.2) T HIS IS THE THAT 结构, THAT从句要用 现在完成时 . T HIS IS THE BEST FILM THATI VE EVER SEEN .这是我看过的最好的电影；T HIS IS THE FIRST TIME THAT I VE HEARD HIM SING. 这是我第一次听他唱歌；典型例题(1) -D O YOU KNOW OUR TOWN AT ALL.-N O , THIS IS THE FIRST TIMEIHERE .A. WAS B. HAVE BEENC. CAME D. AM COMING答案 B. T HIS IS THE FIRST TIME后面所加从句应为现在完成时,应选B；(2) -H AVE YOUBEEN TO OUR TOWN BEFORE.-N O , IT S THE FIRST TIMEI HERE .A. EVEN , COME B. EVEN , HAVE COMEC. EVER , COME D. EVER , HAVE COME答案 D. EVER 意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为NEVER ,此两词常用于完成时；THIS IS THE LARGEST FISHI HAVE EVER SEEN . IT IS / WAS THE FIRST TIME+THAT -CLAUSE的句型中,从句要用完成时；留意 :非连续性动词 的否定形式可以与表示连续时间的状语连用；即动作不发生的状态是可以连续的； 错I HAVE RECEIVED HIS LETTER FOR A MONTH. 对I HAVEN T RECEIVED HIS LETTER FOR ALMOST A MONTH.12. 比较 SINCE 和 FORS INCE用来说明动作起始时间,FOR 用来说明动作连续时间长度；欢迎阅读I HAVE LIVED HERE FOR MORE THAN TWENTY YEARS. I HAVE LIVED HERE SINCEI WAS BORN .MY AUNT HAS WORKED IN A CLINIC SINCE1949.S OME NEW OILFIELDS HAVE BEEN OPENED UP SINCE1976.I HAVE KNOWNX IAO LI SINCE SHE WAS A LITTLE GIRL.MY BROTHER HAS BEEN IN THEY OUTH LEAGUE FOR TWO YEARS. I HAVE NOT HEARD FROM MY UNCLE FOR A LONG TIME.留意 :并非有 FOR 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时；I WORKED HERE FOR MORE THAN TWENTY YEARS. 我现在已不在这里工作；I HAVE WORKED HERE FOR MANY YEARS. 现在我仍在这里工作； 小窍门 : 当现在完成时 + 一段时间,这一结构中,我们用下面的公式转化,很简单就能排除非连续动词在完成时中的误使；1) 对 TOM HAS STUDIEDRUSSIAN FOR THREE YEARS.= TOM BEGAN TO STUDYRUSSIAN THREE YEARS AGO, AND IS STILL STUDYING IT NOW.2) 错 HARRY HAS GOT MARRIED FOR SIX YEARS.= H ARRY BEGAN TO GET MARRIED SIX YEARS AGO, AND IS STILL GETTING MARRIED NOW.明显,其次句不对,它应改为HARRY GOT MARRIED SIX YEARS AGO. 或 HARRY HAS BEEN MARRIED FOR SIX YEARS.13. SINCE 的四种用法1) SINCE +过去一个时间点如详细的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, LAST MONTH, HALF PAST SIX；I HAVE BEEN HERE SINCE1989.2) SINCE +一段时间 + AGO欢迎阅读I HAVE BEEN HERE SINCE FIVE MONTHS AGO.3) SINCE +从句G REAT CHANGES HAVE TAKEN PLACE SINCE YOU LEFT.C ONSIDERABLE TIME HAS ELAPSED SINCE WE HAVE BEEN HERE.4) IT IS +一段时间 + SINCE 从句I T IS TWO YEARS SINCEI BECAME A POSTGRADUATE STUDENT.被动语态 的几种类型1) 主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态 ,如 :H E SAW HER IN THE SHOP YESTERDAY.S HE WAS SEEN IN THE SHOP YESTERDAY.2) 主语有两个宾语的被动语态LI LEI GAVE ME A CHEMISTRY BOOK.I WAS GIVEN A CHEMISTRY BOOK BYLI LEI .A CHEMISTRY BOOK WAS GIVEN TO ME BYLI LEI .3) 主动句中含 宾语补足语 的句子的被动语态如宾语补足语 是不带 TO 的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加"TO"；此类动词为感官动词 :FEEL , HEAR , HELP , LISTEN TO , LOOK AT , MAKE , OBSERVE , SEE , NOTICE , WATCHT HE TEACHER MADE ME GO OUT OF THE CLASSROOM.-> I WAS MADE TO GO OUT OF THE CLASSROOM BY THE TEACHER. W E SAW HIM PLAY FOOTBALL ON THE PLAYGROUND.-> HE WAS SEEN TO PLAY FOOTBALL ON THE PLAYGROUND.如宾语补足语 是带 TO 的不定式,那么被动语态仍保留TO: MOTHER TOLD ME NOT TO BE LATEI WAS TOLD NOT TO BE LATE BY MOTHER.欢迎阅读5 情态动词 + BE +过去分词,构成被动语态；C OAL CAN BE USED TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY FOR AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY.6 表示 "据说 " 或"信任 " 的词组BELIEVE , CONSIDER , DECLARE , EXPECT , FEEL , REPORT , SAY , SEE , SUPPOSE , THINK , UNDERSTANDI T IS SAID THAT 据说I T IS REPORTED THAT 据报道I T IS BELIEVED THAT 大家信任 I T IS HOPED THAT 大家期望I T IS WELL KNOWN THAT 众所周知I T IS THOUGHT THAT 大家认为I T IS SUGGESTED THAT 据建议I T IS TAKEN GRANTED THAT 被视为当然I T HAS BEEN DECIDED THAT 大家打算I T MUST BE REMEMBER THAT 务必记住的是I T IS SAID THAT SHE WILL LEAVE FORW UHAN ONT UESDAY .14. 连续动词与瞬时动词1) 用于完成时的区分连续动词表示体会、经受; 瞬时动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用；H E HAS COMPLETED THE WORK. 他已完成了那项工作；表结果 I VE KNOWN HIM SINCE THEN. 我从那时起就熟悉他了；表经受 2) 用于 TILL / UNTIL 从句的差异连续动词用于确定句,表示" 做 直到 "瞬时动词用于否定句,表示"到 ,才 "H E DIDN T COME BACK UNTIL TEN OCLOCK .他到 10 点才回来；H E SLEPT UNTIL TEN OCLOCK .欢迎阅读他始终睡到 10 点；典型例题1. YOU DON T NEED TO DESCRIBE HER. I HER SEVERAL TIMES.A. HAD METB. HAVE METC. MET D. MEET答案 B. 第一此题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述；再次,SEVERALTIMES 告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时；2.- I M SORRY TO KEEP YOU WAITING.-O H, NOT AT ALL . IHERE ONLY A FEW MINUTES.A. HAVE BEENB. HAD BEENC. WAS D. WILL BE答案 A. 等待的动作由过去开头,连续到现在,应用现. 不定式作宾语1 动词+ 不定式AFFORDAIMAPPEARAGREEARRANGEASKBEDECIDEBOTHERCARECHOOSECOMEDAREDEMANDDESIRE DETERMINE EXPECT ELECT ENDEAVOR HOPE FAIL HAPPEN HELP HESITATE LEARN LONG MEAN MANAGE OFFER OUGHTPLAN PREPARE PRETEND PROMISE REFUSE SEEM TEND WAIT WISH UNDERTAKE举例 :T HE DRIVER FAILED TO SEE THE OTHER CAR IN TIME.司机没能准时观察另一辆车；I HAPPEN TO KNOW THE ANSWER TO YOUR QUESTION.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案；2 动词 +不定式 ; 动词 +宾语 +不定式ASK , BEG , CHOOSE , EXPECT, HATE , HELP INTEND LIKE, LOVE , NEED PREFER, PREPARE , PROMISE , WANT , WISH I LIKE TO KEEP EVERYTHING TIDY. 我喜爱每件东西都保持干净；欢迎阅读I LIKE YOU TO KEEP EVERYTHING TIDY. 我喜爱你年使每件东西都保持干净；I WANT TO SPEAK TOTOM . 我想和汤姆谈话；I WANT YOU TO SPEAK TOTOM . 我想让你和汤姆谈话；3 动词+ 疑问词 + TODECIDE , KNOW , CONSIDERFORGET , LEARN , REMEMBER , SHOW , UNDERSTAND, SEE , WONDER , HEAR , FINDOUT ,EXPLAIN , TELLP LEASE SHOW US HOW TO DO THAT. 请演示给我们如何去做；T HERE ARE SO MANY KINDS OF TAPE- RECORDERS ON SALE THATI CAN T MAKE UP MY MIND WHICH TO BUY.有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定想法买哪一种；留意 :疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数；T HE QUESTION IS HOW TO PUT IT INTO PRACTICE.问题是怎样把它付诸实施；2. 不定式作补语1 动词+ 宾语+不定式 TO DO ADVISE ALLOW APPOINT BELIEVE CAUSE CHALLENGE COMMAND COMPEL CONSIDER DECLARE DRIVE ENABLE ENCOURAGE FIND FORBID FORCE GUESS HIRE IMAGINE IMPEL INDUCE INFORM INSTRUCT INVITE JUDGE KNOW LIKE ORDER PERMIT PERSUADE REMIND REPORT REQUEST REQUIRE SELECT SEND STATE SUPPOSE TELL THINK TRAIN TRUST UNDERSTAND URGE WARN例句 :A . FATHER WILL NOT ALLOW US TO PLAY ON THE STREET.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍；B . W E BELIEVE HIM TO BE GUILTY.我们信任他是有罪的；FIND 的特别用法 :欢迎阅读FIND 后可用分词做宾补, 或先加形式宾语, 再加形容词, 最终加带 TO 的动词不定式； FIND 后也可带一个从句；此类动词仍有 GET , HAVE ；I FOUND HIM LYING ON THE GROUND. I FOUND IT IMPORTANT TO LEARN.I FOUND THAT TO LEARNE NGLISH IS IMPORTANT.欢迎阅读