2022年大学英语三级语法知识总结汇总2.docx

三级语法考点归纳一虚拟语气1. if句中虚拟形式if引导的非真实条件句（纯粹假设或发生的可能性不大）： 条件从句主句与现在相反did bewerewould/ should/ might/ could do与将来相反did bewerewould/ should/ might/ could do与过去相反had donewould/ should/ might/ could have done例句If we left leave now, we should arrive in time.If they hadn t gone on vacation, their house wouldntbhreaavke bineteon.2. 原形虚拟：a. 表命令、打算、要求、建议等词语之后的that-分句中,用动词原形；brokensuggest,demand,advise,propose,order,arrange,insist,command,require,request, desire that should do例如 He suggested that we should leave early.My suggestion is that we should tell him.b. It is was形容词 /名词 that should do/例如 It is absolutely essential that all the facts be examined first.3. 一些句型中的虚拟形式：1. It s high, about, the first, etc. time that动词过去时 例如 It s time we left.例如 It is time we went to bed.2 would rather/sooner宁愿as if/ though似乎would rather/sooner谓语用过去时与现在或者将来相反as if/ though谓语用过去完成时与过去相反4. 练习1. Itry it again if Iyou.A. will ； amB. should； amC. would ； wereD. would ； had been2. If itnot for the water , the plantslive.A. were ； would notB. is ； could notC. were； couldD. did ； could not3. If I that chance to show my ability, Ithe president of this school.A. have not had ； could not becomeB. had not had ； would not have becomeC. did not have ； could not becomeD. doesnt have； will not become4. Heby that burglar if youto save him.A. might have been killed ； hadnt comeB. will be killed； didn t comeC. may be killed ； did t comeD. could be killed ； haven t come5. If itfor your help, Ithat hard time with so little money.A. were not ； would not spendB. is not ； can not spendC. had not been； would not have spentD. have not been； will not spend6. Whereyou go if war.A. will ； breaks outB. do ； will break outC. would ； were to break outD. will ； is to break out7. She wishes shethat humiliating thing.A. doesn t doB. didn t doC. haven t doneD. hadn t done8. The chairman suggested that the meetingput off.A. can beB. beC. isD. will be9. It is vital that heimmediately.A. should goB. must goC. goesD. went10. It is time wedo our homework.A. begin toB. can begin toC. began toD. will begin to答案：1.选 C；表示与现在事实相反的假设指现在的假设 译文; 假如我是你,我会再试一次2 选 A；表示与现在事实相反的假设指现在的假设 ；译文：要是没有水, 植物就不能存活； 3.选 B ；表示与过去事实相反的假设；4 A；表示与过去事实相反的假设；译文：要不是你来救他,他早就被那个窃贼杀了；5. C；与过去事实相反的假设；译：要没有你帮忙, 我那点儿钱是无法度过那段艰苦岁月的； 6.选 C；表示与将来事实相反的假设；译文：要是战争爆发了,你会上哪儿去？7. 选 D；虚拟语气用于宾语从句；译文：她真期望自己没有做过那件丢脸的事情；8. 选 B ；虚拟语气用于表示“建议”等意义的动词后；译文：主席建议会议延期举办；9. 选 A ；虚拟语气用于主语从句It is was + 形容词 + that 引导的分句 ；10. 选 C；虚拟语气用于定语从句It is time that. 句型； 译文：我们该开头做作业了；二动词的时态1. 各个时态动词基本变形一般现在时beis,am,are do/does一般过去时was/were did一般将来时will do一般过去将来时would do现在进行时be is/am/are+ doing过去进行时was/were doing将来进行时will do过去将来进行时would be doing现在完成时have/has done过去完成时had done将来完成will have done过去将来完成时would have done现在完成进行时have/has been doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来完成进行时would have been doing2. 时间状语与动词时态的搭配肯定的时态往往和肯定的时间状语连用；always ,usually, sometimes,一般现在时do/doesam is arelast week, yesterday, a few days agonext week, tomorrow, in a week, this year一般过去时一般将来时didwill dowas/ werenow, at present, at this moment现在进行时be +doingso far, up to now, by the time, since 的主句现在完成时has/have done3. 练习,用动词的适当形式填空1. Hebe eighteen next year.2. Itrain every day so far this month.3. Mozartwrite more than 600 pieces of music.4. If itrain tomorrow,we ll have to stay at home.5. How fasthedrive when the accident happened.6. By the time Mr. Smith left school, heteach that course for twenty-five years.7. Perhaps hefinish reading the book by this time tomorrow.1. 填 will be ； next year 为表示将来时态的时间状语2. 填 has rained；so far 是“到目前为止”的意思,常和现在完成时搭配使用；3. 填 wrote ；Mozart 莫扎特 是已去世的音乐家,故应使用过去时；4. 填 rains ；在条件状语从句中,要用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情；5. 填 was.driving ； 表示过去某一时刻发生的动作要用过去进行时；6. 填 had taught；句中有 by the time Mr. Smith left school,主语的谓语应用过去完成时；7. 填 will have finished ； 句中有 by this time tomorrow ,主语的谓语应用将来完成时；三 动词的被动语态时态 一般现在 现 在 进一般过 过 去 进一 般 将过 去 将 现 在 完过 去 完现 在 完 将来完成时时行时去时行时来时来时成时成时成 进 行时主动doam/is/aredoingdidwas/ weredoingwilldowoulddohas/ havedonehaddonehas/will have done havebeendoing被动 am/is/are am/is/arewas/ weredonewas/ were beingdonewillbe would donebedonehas/ have beendonehad beendonewilldonehavebeendonebeingdone1. 各个时态的被动语态1. The construction of the librarybefore the end of next month.A. must have completedB. must have been completedC. must be completedD. must complete2. The subject of these lecturesby the lecture committee.A. announcesB. have been announcedC. announcedD. has been announced3. My picturesuntil next week.A. won t developB. aren t developingC. don t developD. won t be developed4. Theyso that we wouldn t recognize them.A. costumedB. disguisedC. were disguisingD.were disguised5. All the apparatus 器械 before the experiment began.A. had been preparedB. were preparedC. had been preparedD. had prepared6. The world s supplies of copper .A. have been gradually being exhaustedB. has gradually exhaustedC. are gradually exhaustedD. are being gradually exhausted7. The goodswhen we arrived at the airport.A. were just unloadingB. were just being unloadedC. had just unloadedD. were just been unloaded8. Tomthe best student in his class.A. regardsB. regards asC. has regarded asD. is regarded as9. The sports meetingbecause of the bad weather.A. put offB. was put offC. was putted offD. has put off1. C；情态动词的被动语态为：情态动词+be+done；译：到下月底图书馆的修建必需完工2. D 现在完成时的被动语态为：have been+done 译：讲座的课题已由讲座委员会宣布了；3. D ；一般将来时的被动语态为：will be+done ,其否定形式为： will not be +done4. D 一般过去时的被动语态为was/were+过去分词 译:为了不让我们认出来 ,他们假装了起来 5. C ；过去完成时的被动语态的构成为：had been+过去分词；6. D 现在进行时的被动语态为：are/is/am being+ 过去分词； 译:世界的铜资源正逐步被耗尽7. B ；过去进行时的被动语态为： waswere being+ 过去分词； 译:我们到机场时正在卸货物；8. D ； 译文：汤姆被认为是班里最好的同学；9. B；译文：运动会因天气不好被取消了；四 定语从句1. 定语从句（ Attributive Clauses ）在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词； 定语从句通常紧跟在先行词后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词） 引出；关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which 等；关系副词有： when, where, why 等；例题： The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds,could go penniless by next year.A. the large oneB. the larger of whichC. the largest one选 B；由于前面有two,所以不能选D. the largest of whichD, A 没有连接手段,也不能选；三级试题中定语从句的考题：1、I tried to get of the businessI found impossible to carry on.A) whyBwhichCwhatDwhere2、Once more I have to leave Beijing ,I have been living for eight years.A thatBwhereCwhichDas3、This book is designed for the leanersnative languages are not English.AwhoseBwhichCwhoDwhat4、She got to know the young man very wellshe had worked for so long.Ato whomBin whomCwhomDwith whom5、The hotelduring the vacation was rather poorly managed.Aas I stayedBwhere I stayedCwhich I stayedDwhat I stayed 6、There are so many dresses there that I really dont know to choose.AwhetherBwhenCwhichDwhy7、I think that Anna isfar the most active member in our group.AwithBatCasDby五倒装1. 当 only放在句首,表示强调时,要用倒装例：Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法, 你才可以解决这个问题；Only yesterday did I finish the book.到昨天我才读完那本书；2. 具有否定意义的副词或词组用于句首,要用倒装；常见的否定词有：never, seldom, rarely,little, hardly, not until, by no means, not only, neither, no sooner, hardly等；例句： Never shall I forget the days when you were with us.1、Olny when we had finished all the workthat it was too late to take a bus home.A) did we realizeBinformingCinformedDto inform 2、Not until the day before yesterdayto give a speech at the meeting.Ahe agreedBdoes he agreeChe agreesDdid he agree 3、Younghe is, he has proved to be an able sale sman.AthatBwhoCasDwhich4、Not until yesterdayanything about the project that will be completed soon.Adid I learnBhave I learntCI learntDthat I learnt 5、He is used to flying by air and on no occasionfrightened.Ahe has ever feltBhe ever feelsCever does he feelDhas he ever felt6、Soafter she learned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep that night.Aexcited the mother wasBwas the mother excitedCthe mother was excitedDexcited was the mother7、So loudlythat people could hear it out in the street.Adid the students play the musicBthe students playing the musicCthe students played the musicDhave the students played the music六 it 的用法1. it 作形式主语或者形式宾语It is necessary for us to learn English.it 这里指代 to learn English It was not very clear what she meant.it 这里指代 what she meant2. it在强调句型强调句型的结构为：It is/was + 被强调部分 + thatwho + 句子的其余部分练习 1. It was only when I read his poems recentlyI began to appreciate their beauty.A. untilB. thatC. thenD. so选 B； 强调句型强调 when 引导的时间状语从句；2.It was about 600 years agothe first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. thatB. untilC. beforeD. when选 A ； 强调句型强调时间状语；七形容词比较级比较级最高级1.不规章变法good/wellbadbetterworsebestworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleast2. 形容词比较级结构(1) 形容词 +than例句： Real friendship is more valuable than money.(2) the +形容词比较级, the + 形容词比较级例句：The more medicine I take, the worse I feel.