2022年外研版必修二M2知识点总结及练习.docx

重点短语：as a result of 由于 .,由于 .die from死于 .belong to 属于in pain处于痛楚之中in order to / so as to为了 .give up戒除,舍弃break into强行闯入,破门而入pay for支付break the law违反法律take one's advice 听取某人的建议allow . to do同意做instead of 代替；相反be related to 与.有关in danger 处于危急中a / an + 形容词 + 名词 （可数名词单数）Such +形容词+名词（可数名词复数）形容词+名词（不行数名词）一、重点句子：+ thatpick sb. up接某人translate into把 翻译成think of想起,记起a bit of一点儿in one's opinion依某人自己的看法be crazy about 沉迷make sure 确保,确信be connected with 与 有联系keep away 远离have a temperature 发烧take one's temperature 量体温begin with依 开头put . into .把 投入be free for 对 免费 take exercise 做锤炼write a prescription开处方lie down躺下be offwork请假不工作have a sweet tooth 喜爱甜食contribute to sth.奉献出,有助于at least 至少固定搭配be /get/become addicted to sth./ doing sth.对上瘾,沉溺于have an effecton 对有影响ban sb.from sth./doing sth.禁止某人做 .ban on / against对 禁止share . with .与共享,共用continue to do sth./ continue doing sth.连续做 .be likely to do有可能做 .句型：结果状语从句的两种表达方式形容词 +a / an + 名词（可数名词单数）So +many /few +名词（可数名词复数）+ that much / little +名词 （不行数名词）形容词 /副词表示 “如此以致于”1. During the 1990s, 21 million people died as a result of smoking cigarette.在二十世纪九十岁月,有两千一百万人由于吸烟而死去；as a resultof 由 于 的 结 果Theaccident happened as a resultof carelessnessresult in导致Carelessness resulted in the accident.result from 由引起 The accident resulted from carelessness.2. Thirteen people die every hour from illness related to smoking tobacco, such as cancer, bronchitis and heart disease. 每小时有十三人死于与吸烟有关的疾病,像癌症,支气管炎,心脏病；die of / from死于His parents both died of cancer.be related to与有关It s a matter related to his fame.3. I m nineteen years old and I used to be a drug addict. 我十九岁, 曾经是个瘾君子；4. Users who inject the drug are also in more danger if they share needles with other users.假如那些注射毒品的人和其他吸毒者共用针头的话,他们会面临更多的危急；5. The next day, I broke into a house and stole a television and a video recorder.其次天,我闯进了一户人家,偷了一台电视机和一台录像机；break intov.t 闯入,破门而入,打断,突然起来break inv.i 强行进入,插话,打断The man found his house broken in when he came home.The crowd broke into laughter.He kept broke in with silly questions.6. Now I work in a center for drug addicts, helping others to stop taking drugs.现在我为一家戒毒中心工作,帮忙其它人戒毒；7. Participants learn to recognize smoking triggers things that start them smoking and try to set a date in the future when they will stop smoking.参与者认清了引起吸烟的刺激物,他们设法确定一个将来戒烟的日期8. I think it would be good if they banned smoking in restaurants and cafes as well.我认为假如在饭店和咖啡厅也禁烟将会好些9. UKteenagers are taking up two five times more illegaldrugs, forexample, ecstasy tablets and cannabis, than in other European countries.英国的青少年使用的违禁药品；例如摇头丸和大麻, 比其它的欧洲国家多五倍；10. Do you think you would follow this advice if you were a smoker.你认为假如你是一个吸烟者,你会遵循这个建议吗？11. Choose a time when you willbe relaxed but also too busy to thinkabout smoking.选一个劳碌的让自己无暇考虑吸烟而又放松的时间；单词1. addict vt. 使成瘾,使入迷 常用于被动语态 n入迷的人,上瘾的人归纳拓展(1) be/become/get addicted to. 沉迷于,对上瘾,喜爱 addict oneself to 沉溺于,醉心于(2) addiction n 沉溺；瘾,癖好addicted adj. 上瘾的 人的状态 addictive adj. 使成瘾的；上瘾的 事物的性质 留意： 和 addicted/addiction 连用的 to 是介词, 后面要跟名词、 代词或动名词作宾语；例句： He became so addicted to the Internet that he failed the subjects.他如此沉迷网络,以至于功课不及格；The professor is an opera addict.那位教授是一个歌剧迷；He is now fighting his addiction to smoking.他现在正努力戒烟；【链接训练】She is soto Korean soaps that recently she is often late to fetch her son from school.A appliedB addictedC interestedD crazy【解析】句意为：她对韩国肥皂剧上了瘾以至于最近她常常晚接儿子放学；be addicted to“对着迷/ 上瘾”,符合题意；apply oneself to“用心致志做”； be interested in “对感爱好” ； be crazy about “对疯狂” ,三者均不符合题意,故正确答案为B ；【答案】B2. reduce vt.缩减,削减；使处于状态 表示此种意义常常用被动语态； 使变弱,使降职 级；约束,限制归纳拓展(1) reduce.to. 把削减到；把降低到 reduce.by.把削减了；把降低了 reduce sth.to ashes把某物化为灰烬be reduced to despair 陷入失望(2) reduce 的反义词是increase,表示“增加到” ,要与 to 搭配；表示“增加了”,要与 by 搭配；例句： They reduced the prices by 20%.You had better go and buy something in a hurry.他们把价格降低了20%,你最好赶忙去买东西；The expenses have been reduced to 1,000 yuan one month. 每月的费用已降到1 000 元；The fire reduced the house to ashes.大火把房子化为灰烬；【链接训练】 The government calls on the public to go to work by bicycle instead of by car in order toair pollution.A warnB EndangerC stopD reduce【解析】考查动词词义辨析；warn “警告”； endanger“使危及” ； stop“停止”； reduce“削减”；句意为：政府号召公众骑自行车而不是开车去上班,目的是削减空气污染；故D 为正确答案；【答案】D Having almost run out of money , we were reducedstaying in a cheap hotel.A atB ByC toD in【解析】句意为： 由于钱几乎花光了, 我们就落到了只能住廉价旅社的地步；be reduced to “落到的地步” ,此处 to 为介词；【答案】C3. ban n禁止,禁令vt.禁止,取缔归纳拓展(1) ban n./pron./doing. 禁止ban sb.from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事ban on/against 禁止(2) put a ban on. 禁止put/place.under a ban 禁止 其被动语态形式为be put/placed under a ban 被禁止 例句： He was banned from attending the meeting. 他被禁止出席该会议；There is to be a ban on singing in the office.将会有一条禁止在办公室唱歌的禁令出台；Parking in the street is placed under a ban. 在大街上停车是被禁止的；同类辨析ban, forbid 与 prohibit三个词都表示“禁止”之意；1ban 语气最重,指权威机关比如政府、官方等 正式禁止；2forbid 是一般用词,指个人的意愿；3prohibit是正式用词,指用法律或法令来禁止；【链接训练】She has been bannedfor six months.A from drivingBDriveC to driveD to have driven【解析】ban sb.from doing sth. 是固定用法,意为“禁止某人做某事”,此处考查其被动结构；句意为：她被禁止驾车六个月；【答案】A4. affect vt. 影响,感动； 疾病侵袭；假装；喜爱归纳拓展be affected by 被侵袭,被感动be affected by heat 中暑be affected with high fever发高烧例句： The noise from the street affected our work.公路上的噪音影响了我们的工作；The condition affects one in five women.每五个妇女就有一个患这种病；同类辨析affect , effect 与 influence三个词都有“影响”的意思；(1) affect 指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作,有时含有“对产生不利影响”的意思；(2) effect 作动词时,意为“使 某物产生；使发生；引起” ,着重“造成”一种特别的成效；但作“影响”解时,通常用作名词,常用短语为have an effect on “对有影响” ；(3) influence 常常是指间接地、 以一种无形的力气去潜移默化地“影响” 人的行为、性格、观点等；例句： Influencedby a high - school biologyteacher, he tookup the study of medicine.在一位中同学物老师的影响下,他从事了医学讨论；This book effected a change in my opinion.这本书使我的看法发生了变化；Modern farming methods can have an adverse effect on the environment.现代农业耕作方法可能对环境造成负面影响；【链接训练】Smoking canyour health, and, Professor Brown said.A effort ； so can bad eating habitsB influence ； so bad eating habits can C effect； so bad eating habits canD affect ； so can bad eating habits【解析】句意为：布朗教授说, “吸烟会影响你的健康,不良的饮食习惯也是如此”；空一考查 effort , influence ,effect 和 affect 的区分； effort “努力”；influence 用作动词时,意为“影响” ,一般是指潜移默化的影响；effect 用作动词时, 意为“使某物 产生,促使发生”,用作名词时, 常用于 have a n.effecton“对产生影响” ； affect “影响”；空二考查倒装so情态动词主语, 表示“也一样” ；依据题意可知选D 项；【答案】D5. recognize/recognise vt. 认出,识别；承认,认可；熟识到归纳拓展(1) recognize sb./sth. 认出某人,识别出某物recognize.as/to be 承认是；认为是 It is recognized that. 人们意识到(2) recognition n 认出,熟识,识别例句： You ve changed so much that I couldn t recognize you just now.你变化如此大以至于刚才我没有认出你来；They have recognized him as/to be their leader. 他们已经承认他是他们的领导；It is recognized that this solution could only be temporary.人们意识到这只是个暂时的解决方案；同类辨析recognize 与 know(1) recognize 指把原先熟识的人再次“辨认出”,是非连续性动词；(2) know“熟识并熟识某人” ,是连续性动词；【链接训练】Ihim so well that I canhis steps. A know ； knowB recognize；recognizeC recognize； knowD know ； recognize【解析】句意为：我特别熟识他以至于我能辨认出他的脚步声；know “熟识并熟识某人” ； recognize“辨认出”；【答案】D短语1. break into 强行进入,闯入；突然发出；突然起来break into 中 into 是介词,及物动词词组,后面需接宾语归纳拓展break away from 脱离；打破break down 坍塌；失败； 身体 垮掉； 车抛锚了break off 折断；突然停止；脱落；绝交break out 火灾、战争等 突然发生,爆发break in 打断谈话 ；闯入 in 是副词,不及物动词词组,后不能跟宾语 break through 突围；突破,冲垮break up 打碎,拆散；分裂；分解；驱散例句： Thieves broke into the store at night. 小偷在夜里闯入了这家商店；As the president's car arrived , the crowd broke into loud applause.当总统的汽车到达时,人群中爆发出了热闹的掌声；He has broken down from overwork.他因工作过度而累垮了；【链接训练】 When the old man got home , he found that the house had beenand a lot of things had been stolen.A broken outB broken upC broken intoD broken off【解析】考查动词短语辨析；句意为：当这位老人回到家中时,他发觉有人破门而入并且很多东西被偷了；break into “强行闯入” ,符合题意； break out “ 战争、火灾等 突然爆发”； break up“打碎,分裂” ； break off “折断,突然停止”；【答案】C If people want tothe ordinary methods , they must take their chance. A break downB break offC break upD break away from【解析】 句意为：假如人们要打破常规的话,就必需冒险； break down“坍塌,坏掉”；break off “折断,突然停止” ；break up“打碎,分解” ；break away from “打破,脱离” ,依据句意,选 D；【答案】 D2. belong to 属于归纳拓展(1) belongto“属于”,不能用于被动语态,也不能用于进行时；后可跟人称代词,不能跟名词性物主代词；(2) belongin/with/under 应归入 类别,派别,范畴等 ；应被放在某处；合适, 相宜(3) belongings n 全部物,行李；相关事物,亲属例句： He belongs to this football club. 他是这家足球俱乐部的一员；The chair belongs in the other room. 那把椅子应放在另一个房间；A man of his ability belongs in teaching.具有他那种才能的人适合当老师；【链接训练】It is known to all of us that lionsmeat- eating animals.A belonged toB are belonging toC are belonged toD belong to【解析】考查动词短语belong to 的用法； belong to 表示“属于” ,不能用于被动语态,也不用于进行时态；应选D；3. give up 舍弃；交出,让出；输掉归纳拓展give up doing sth. 舍弃,停止做某事give up sth.to 把让给 献给give away 泄露秘密 ,暴露；分发 奖品等 give back 归仍,送回；复原give in to屈从,向让步give off 发出 蒸气 ；发散 光线 give out 用完,用完；分发；公布例句： Never give up until you succeed. 不胜利绝不行以舍弃；In the crowded bus , the young people give up their seats to the old people.在拥挤的公共汽车上,年轻人把座位让给了老年人；The doctor told him to give up smoking and drinking.医生要他戒烟戒酒；You can t win the game.So you may as well give in.这场竞赛你赢不了的,仍是认输吧；【链接训练】 Smoking is bad for your health. Yes, I know.But I simply can t.A give it upB give it inC give it outD give it away【解析】句意为：吸烟有害于你的健康；是的,我知道；但是我就是戒不掉； give up“舍弃,戒掉” ,符合题意； give in “屈服,让步” ；give out“分发,筋疲力尽” ； give away “泄露”；【答案】A句型1. Drug users are more likely to get into trouble at school.在学校里吸毒者更可能陷入麻烦；归纳拓展(1) likely adj. 很可能的, 看来要发生的； 像是 牢靠的,可信的；好像有理的adv.很可能地(2) sb./sth. be likely to do sth. 某人 /物很可能干某事It is likely that. 很可能not likely绝不行能 才不呢 例句： She is very likely to ring me tonight. It s very likely that she ll ring me tonight. 她很可能今晚给我打电话；What is the most likely time to find him in the office.什么时间最有可能在他的办公室里找到他？Rain is likely in all parts of the country today.今日全国各地区都可能下雨；同类辨析possible, probable 与 likely1possible 反映客观上有可能,但往往含有期望很小的意味；常用句型有It is possiblefor sb.to do sth. 或 It is possible that. ；作表语时不能用人作主语；2probable 主要用来指有依据、 合情合理、 值得信任的事物, 可能性比 possible 大,表示“很可能,十有八九”；probable 只能用 It is probable that.句型；作表语时也不能用人作主语；3likely 是指从外表、 迹象上进行判定, 有可能发生； 与 probable 意思相接近；likely 既可用人也可用物作主语,常用句型是 It is likely that. 或 sb./sth.is likely to do .；【链接训练】There is only a few clouds.The weather isto be fine.A possibleB probableC likelyD like【解析】 句意为：天上只有几片云彩；天气很可能晴朗吧； likely 既可用人也可用物作主语,常用句型是 It is likely that. 或 sb./sth.is likely to do “很可能”；possible 和 probable 只能用 it 作形式主语； D 项 like “像”,介词, 不符合题意；【答案】 C2. Whatever you're doing when you want to smoke do something else！无论你在做什么,当你想抽烟时,做点别的事情吧！归纳拓展whatever 用法：(1) 作连接代词,引导让步状语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语,其含义相当于 no matter what ,意为“无论,不管” ,其位置可在主句前,也可在主句后；(2) 作连接代词,引导名词性从句宾语从句或主语从句 ,可看作是 what 的强调说法,其含义相当于anything that 或 all that , whatever 在句中起双重作用, 既起先行词与关系代词的作用,又在从句中作主语、宾语等；(3) 作形容词, 意为“无论怎么样的； 无论哪一种的” ,作定语, 意思是“任何 的”,可视为 what 的强调说法；同类辨析whatever, no matter what 与 what 1whatever/no matter whatwhatever 和 no matter what 都可引导让步状语从句,除此之外, whatever 仍可引导名词性从句, 如主语从句、 宾语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句, 而 no matter what 不能；2whatever/whatwhat 与 whatever 均可作连接代词引导名词性从句,what 引导的名词性从句在句中作主语、表语、宾语,意为“所的事物”,相当于 the things which ；whatever 引导的名词性从句在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语,意思是“凡是的事物” ,相当于 anything/everything that ,语气比 what 更剧烈一些；例句： Whatever he says, his boss doesn't believe it.无论他说什么,他的老板都不信任；You can choose whatever you like in the shop.你可以在商店中挑选任何你喜爱的东西；I believe what he told me. 我信任他对我说的话；【链接训练】 David says sounds right to Helen.That's why she has made up her mind to leave with himhappens.A Whatever； no matter whatB No matter what ； whatever C No matter what ；no matter whatD Whatever； however【解析】第一空是由 whatever 引导的主语从句,在句中充当主语,相当于anything that ；其次空是由 no matter what 引导的让步状语从句,表示“无论, 不管”；【答案】A语法1. 动词不定式作目的状语(1) 动词不定式为非谓语动词的一种形式,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾补及状语；作状语时,可以表示目的、结果或条件；例句： They went there to visit their teacher. 他们去那里拜望老师；表示目的 He woke up only/just to find everybody gone.他醒来发觉大家都走了；表示结果 To look at him , you would like him. 观察他,你就会喜爱他；表示条件 (2) 某些形容词作表语,表示喜、怒、哀、乐,后跟不定式表示缘由；例句： I am very glad to see you. 见到你我特别兴奋；(3) 在有 enough 或 too 的句子里,也常用不定式作状语,表示程度；例句：He was too excited not to say a few words. 他太兴奋了, 不会不讲几句话的；He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了；留意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可用in order to 为了或so as to以便 动词原形； so as to 不用于句首,只能放在句中；这种句式中, 假如不定式的规律主语与句子的规律主语是同一人或事,可以与so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句转换,但是so that/in order that 引导的目的状语从句不能放在句首；例句： The whole familywent to the seaside to in order to/so as tospend the weekend/so that they can spend the weekend.全家去海边度周末；(4) 动词不定式作目的状语时,通常规律主语为句子的主语,假如不一样, 就需用动词不定式的复合结构,即for sb. to do sth. ；例句： He spoke slowly for us to follow him.他说得很慢,为的是让我们跟上他；2. 结果状语从句(1) 结果状语从句表示事态的结果,常置于主语之后,常见的连接词有so that,so.that, such.that 等；例句： He had overslept , so that he was late for the lecture. 他睡过了头,结果报告会迟到了；I cheered so loudly at the match that I completely lost my voice.我为竞赛大声喝彩,以至于嗓子都哑了；(2) 应留意以下句子结构的不同： so adj. a/an可数名词单数that. such a/an adj.可数名词单数that. such可数名词复数that. such不行数名词 that. so表示数量的形容词 so many/few 可数名词复数 that.so much/little 少不行数名词 that.留意： 1such 和 so 均可修饰可数名词的单数形式,但是冠词位置有区分；如such a good teacher so good a teacher 如此好的一位老师；(2) so that 既可引导目的状语从句, 也可引导结果状语从句； 在目的状语从句中的谓语动词前要用maymight , cancould , should, would 等情态动词,表达某种可能性； 而结果状语从句就不用, 它表示的是客观事实, 从句前常用逗号, 而引导目的状语从句的so that 前不用逗号, 结果状语从句都置于主句后,但目的状语从句也可以置于主句前；例句： I put on my glasses so that I could see more clearly. 我戴上眼镜为的是看得更清晰；Tom s first step made such a terrible noise that he almost died of fright.汤姆的第一步发出可怕的响声,差点儿把他吓死；The water became so polluted that it killed all the fish in the river.河水被严峻污染以致于河中的鱼全都死了；(3) so.that 引导结果状语从句置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装语序,从句就不倒装；例句： So loudly did he speak that everyone heard him clearly.他如此大声说话,结果每个人都听得很清晰；【链接训练】catch the first bus , I got up early this morning.A In order toB So as toC So thatD As to【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语；in order to 和 so as to 都表示“为了” , 但 so as to不能用于句首； 【答案】A Let's take the front seatswe may see clearly.A in orderB so thatC in order toD because【解析】so that 引导目的状语从句, 从句中的谓语动词前用了情态动词may；【答案】Bthe project as planned, we'll have to work two more hours a day. A CompletingB CompleteC CompletedD To complete【解析】考查非谓语动词不定