2022年外研版英语必修一知识点归纳.docx

第一部分词汇短语过关外研版英语必修一学问点归纳第一单元1. adj. 热心的, 热忱的 enthusiasm n. 热心；热忱2. adj. 令人惊奇的 v. 使惊讶 adj. 感到惊讶的 amazement n. 惊愕, 惊奇3. 4. n. 信息 inform vt.通知, 告知n. 指示, 用法说明 instru ct v. 教诲, 命令,指示5. adj. 令人厌烦的 adj. 对某人 /事物厌倦的,郁闷的 vt. 使厌烦6. adj. 尴尬的, 难堪的 v. 使窘迫,使局促担心 adj.令人犯难的 embarrassment n. 窘迫；犯难7. 8. n. 行为, 举止 behave v. 举动, 举止n. 描述；形容；描写 describe vt. 描写, 记述9. 的10. 11. vt. 使人印象深刻；使牢记 n. 印象, 感想 impressive adj. 令人印象深刻n订正, 改正 correct adj.正确的 v改正, 订正, 批改v. 勉励, 勉励 adj. 勉励人心的 adj. 受到勉励的,更有信心的 encouragement n. 勉励, 嘉奖12. enjoyment n. 享受, 乐趣v. 享受, 喜爱adj. 令人开心的, 有乐趣的13. fluency n. 流利, 流畅adj. 流利的, 流畅的14. adj. 扫兴的 adj. 使人扫兴的, 令人扫兴的 disappoint vt. 使失望_n. 扫兴15. n. 助手, 助理 assist v帮忙短语检测1. 与 相像2. 某人对 做某事的态度3. 离 远, 远非4. 一点不像, 与 完全不同5. 玩得很高兴6. 起初,一开头7. 换句话说其次部分语法精讲一.because,since,as,for,because o的f8. 期望；希望9. 对 印象深刻10. 在 开头的时候11. 在 终止的时候12. 被 划分成13. 参与14. 课外活动区分（语气由强到弱）(1) because 表示的缘由是必定的因果关系,语气最强,通常放在主句之后,有时也放在主句之前；(2) 回答 why 提出的问题,只能用because, 不能用其余三者；如：A： Why can t I go. 我为什么不能去？B：Because you are too young. 由于你太年轻了；(3) because 引导的从句可用于强调句,其余三者不能；哪：It s because he is kind that we like him.是由于他对人友好,我们才喜爱他；(4) because 从句可用表语,其余三者不能；如：This is because the earth is travelling round the sun.这是由于地球在环绕太阳转；(5) not because这一结构中的 not 有时否定主句,有时否定从句,一般应依据句子的意思作出正确的合规律的 懂得；如 not 否定主句,最好在 because 之前用逗号,否就简单引起歧义：I didn t go because I was afraid.1) 我没有去是由于我怕；2) 我不由于怕才去；不过如 because 之前有 just 修饰,一般认为 not 只能否定从句；如：You shouldn t get angry just because some people speak ill of yo不u.要由于有些人说你的坏话而愤怒；(6) 表示的缘由是由于 这一意义时,一般要用The reason why is that；如： The reason why he cannot come is that he is ill. 他不能来的缘由是 由于他病了；注：在阅读中有时也可见到The reason why.is because.这样的说法,但比较少见；2. 关于 since 和 as(1) since 和 as 表示的缘由是人们所知的,是对已知事实供应理由,而不表示直接缘由；since 比 as 语气稍强,且比 as 略为正式,两者通常都放在主句之前,有时也放在主句之后；如：Since you feel tired, you should rest. 既然你感到累了,你应当休息；As he was not will, I decided to go without him.由于你身体不好,我打算独自去；(2) since 可用于省略句,而其它三者不能；如：Since so, there is no more to be said. 既然如此,就再没有什么好说的了(3) since由于,既然 侧重主句,主句表示明显的或已知的理由；强调说话者和听者双方都知道的缘由,常译为 既然 ,一般用在这样的句子里；例如：Since we've got a few minutes to wait for the train, let's have a cup of coffee.(4) as 是从属连词,说明一般的因果关系,语气比because弱,说明比较明显的缘由,它引导的从句通常放在句首,有时也可放在句末；例如： As it is raining, you'd better take a taxi.天下雨了,你最好乘出租车；3. 关于 for(1) for 是并列连词 其作三者为从属连词 ,它有时可表示因果关系 只能放在主句之后, 且可与 because换用 , 有时不表示因果关系,而是对前面分句的内容加以说明或推断也只能放在主句之后,但不能与because 换用 ；如：The ground is wet, for 或 because it rained last night. 地面是湿的,由于昨晚下过雨；It rained last night, for 不能用 because the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚下过雨, 你看 今日早上地面都是湿的；(2) for因为,由于 说明附加或推断的理由,引导的分句前常有逗号；for 分句不放句首 .是用来附带说明或说明前一分句的缘由和理由；例如：Day breaks, for the cock crows.It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. I won't go in, for my father is there.（5）because of是介词短语,在句子作状语,后面只能跟名词,代词,或者what引导的从句；Because of my bad leg ,I couldn t walk so fast as th由e 于oth我e的rs.腿坏了我不能像其他人走得那么快；置于句首做状语但用逗号与其他部分分开Because of his wife s being there, I said nothing ab因ou为t i他t. 妻子在场我对此事只字未提；接-ing分词）He realized that she was crying because of what he had said. 他意识到她在哭是由于他说的那些话；接what从句练习：用 because,since,as,for,because o填f 空1. Why do you like the teacher. he is kind and enthusiastic.2. It washis mother was ill that he came to school late this morning. 3.it is hot,let s go swimming4. Parents should take seriously their children requests for sunglasseseye protection is necessary in sunny weather.5. he can t answer the question,you d better ask someone else. 6.He realized that the teacher was angrywhat he had said.7.I haven t seen the film, I can t tell you what I think of it. 8.The days are short,forit is now December.改错1.They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning. 2.Because the help you gave me that summer, my life changed.二.be similar to: 与相像The weather of Beijing is similar to that of New York北京的天气与纽约的天气很相像Be different from 与 不同；Their tastes are different from mine 他们的爱好与我的不同；（1）Your views on education are similarmine.A inB toC fromD with2I saw no difference in Paris. It s just like our Shanghai.A similar B likelyC likeD samebe similar in 在.方面相像The two house are similar in size.翻译：（1） 她在很多方面与她妈妈相像（2） 他的外套和你的相像；三.ed 形容词和 ing 形容词的用法区分传统的观点很多参考书认为：-ing 形容词与表示事物的名词连用,-ed 形容词与表示人的名词连用；此说法在很多情形下是可行的,但表述欠精确,在很多情形下却是不行靠的；如-ing 形容词用于人的情形就比比皆是：假如你的老师说话幽默 、讲课生动 ,那么不仅他的课特别interesting,而且你会说他是一个interestingman好玩的人 ；比较：I m interested in interesting people.我对好玩的人感爱好；He was worried about his worrying son.他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧；He was annoyed with the annoying person. 他对这个厌恶的人很愤怒；另一方面, -ed 形容词用于指物的情形也不少见；比较并体会： a frightened look可怕的表情 指带有这种 表情 的人感到可怕 a frightening look吓人的表情 指这种 表情 令人可怕 an excited talk 心情兴奋的谈话 指谈话 的人心情兴奋 an exciting talk令人兴奋的谈话 指听 谈话 的人心情兴奋 由于传统的观点说得太肯定,有时做起题来仍可能会因此掉入命题人的陷阱 do you think of your English teacher. Is he？A. What, interestingB. What, interestedC. How, interestingD. How, interested正确的观点关于 -ing 形容词与 -ed 形容词的区分,比较精确的表述应当是：1. 以后缀 ed 结尾的形容词 如 ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried 等通常用于说明人,不用于说明事物,即使它们所修饰的名词是事物,那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人；如：He had a pleased smile on his face.他脸上露出了中意的微笑；He told me the news in a very excited voice.他声音很兴奋地告知了我这个消息；第一句中的 a pleased smile 意为 中意的微笑 ,它指的是某人因感到中意发出的微笑；其次句中的 a very excited voice 指的是 很兴奋的声音 ,即指的是某人因很兴奋而发生那样的声音；原就上,-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人 ,如修饰事物 ,就多为 air神态 , appearance外貌 , cry 哭声 , face表情, voice 声音 , mood 心情 <'Times New Roman'">, mood 等显示某人的情感状况的名词；2. 以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词 如 delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying等主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特点,如用它们说明人,就表示此人具有此性质或特点；如：The story is very interesting.这个故事很好玩；The man is very interesting. 这个人很好玩；请再比较并体会以下句子：He is frightened. 他很可怕； He is frightening.他很吓人； He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的表情；He has a frightening look on his face.他脸上带有吓人的表情；I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感爱好的表情；I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种好玩的表情；学练结合请做做以下试题,看你是否能克服原先的思维定势,能否跳出命题人的陷阱：1. Laws that punish parents for their little children s actions against the laws get parents.A. worriedB. to worriedC. worryingD. worry2. The little boy isn t getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son , she feels very.A. disappointing;worryingB. disappointing;worriedC. disappointed;worriedD. disappointed;worrying3. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, .A. safe but tiredB. safely but tiredC. safe and tiringD. safely and tiring4. As we all know, typing is ajob to aheart.A. tired; tiredB. tired; tiringC. tiring; tiredD. tiring; tiring5. Poorboy.Hislooksand handssuggestedhewasveryafraid.A.frightful;tremblingB. frightened; tremblingC. frightening; trembledD. frightened; trembly说明主语因 而产生的心情反应,从而影响到人的身体部位trembling ； ed 形式及常见短语与ing形式形容词归纳excited be d about/ exciting surprised be d at /surprising amazed be d at /amazing embarrassedbe ed in /embarrassingencouragedbe ed at / by / encouraging frustrated be d of/ frustrating interested be ed in / interestingthrilled be ed at / thrillingterrified be terrified at/ of / with/ terrifying pleased be d with/ pleasing, = pleasant satisfiedbe satisfied with / satisfyingfrightened be ed at / of / frightening tired be d of/ tiringbored be d with/ boring relaxed 无固定搭配 / relaxing fascinated be d by/ fascinating annoyed be ed with/ annoying moved be d by/ movingworried be worried about/worrying confused be confused about/ confusing练习：一 用括号内所给动词的-ed 形式或 -ing 形式填空1. The children wereafter the trip.（ tire ）2. The trip was. （tire）3. Thechildren went to bed early after the trip.（tire）4. Thetrip lasted a whole day. （tire）5. The trip made the children. （ tire ）6. The bad weather made the trip. （tire）7. Tom s parents are at his results of the exam（s disappoint）8. and angry, he left the meeting-room. （disappoint）9. It is that he didn t pass the exa（mdinisaatipopnoint）10. When hearing thenews that MichaelJackson passed away, they wereto look at each other.（surprise）11. He wasabout hisson. （ worry ）12. I'm notwith his interpretation of this sentence.（ satisfy）13. He waswith theperson. （annoy）14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had alook on his face. （ frighten ）15. The situation here isand we are. （encourage） 二 巩固练习：1. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front to arrive.（2022·全国卷 I）A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expectsD. will be expected2. Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend. 2022Terry. Never. Hetents and fresh air.A. has hatedB. hatedC. will hateD. hates上海高考 ·3. By the time he realizes heinto a trap, it ll be too late for him to do anythin山g 东ab高ou考t it. 2022·A. walksB. walkedC. has walkedD. had walked4. So far this year wea fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. 2022A. sawB. seeC. had seenD. have seen福建高考 ·5. Some of the people who to the party can t come烟no台w模. 拟2008·A. had been invitedB. have been invitedC. are invitedD. invited6. Laws thatpunish parents fortheirlittle childrenacstions against the lawsget parents .A. worriedB. to worriedC. worryingD. worry7. The little boy isn t getting on well in mathsoarsned swtill, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son , she feels very.A. disappointing; worrying B. disappointing; worried C. disappointed; worriedD. disappointed; worrying8. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, .A. safe but tiredB. safely but tiredC. safe and tiringD. safely and tiring9. As we all know, typing is ajob to aheart.A. tired; tiredB. tired; tiringC. tiring; tiredD. tiring; tiring10. Poor boy. Hislooks andhands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; tremblingB. frightened; tremblingC. frightening; trembledD. frightened; trembly 11.do you think of your English teacher. Is he？A. What, interestingB. What, interestedC. How, interestingD. How, interested四.倍数的三种表达法：1. Americans eatvegetables per person today as they did in 1910.A. more than twiceB. as twice as manyC. twice as many asD. more than twice as many2. Paper produced every year isthe world's production of vehicles.A. the three weight ofB. three times the weight ofC. as three times heavy as D. three times as heavier as 3.With the help of the German experts , the factory producedcars in 1993 as the year before.A. as twice manyB. as many twiceC. twice as manyD. twice many as4. This ship measuresthat one.A. as twice as longB. as twice long asC. twice long asD. twice as long as5. After the new technique was introduced , the factory producedtractors in 1988 as the year before.A. as twice manyB. as many asC. as twice as manyD. twice as many五 impress v.使印象深刻(1) impression n. 印象；感想impressive adj. 给人留下深刻印象的(2) impress sb. with sth.某物给某人留下印象be impressed by/with对 印象深刻例 He impressed me with his wisdom=I was impressed with /by his wisdom他的聪明给我留下了深刻的印象；(3) impress sth. on/upon sb.使某人意识到重要性Her talent impressed itself on my mind 她的才华在我心里印象深刻(4) make an good/bad impressionon sb.给某人留下印象练习1. The headmastera very good impression on the parents at the meetingA gotB tookC madeD did2. She impressed everyoneher beauty.A byB withC onD in 3.用适当的介词填空（1） The child impressed usclever（2） The people present were all impressedhis sense of humor（3） The old man s word were deeply impressedmy memory用 impress 或其短语的正确形式填空(1) WhenIasked Mikewhatimpressedhimmostaboutthehostess, hetoldme hewas deeply the hostess enthusiasm. I agreed that the hostess enthusiasm was reallyand it made a greatme too.(2) IPeter the importance of the meeting.六.look forward to dong sth 期盼着做某事；look back on/to sth.回想,记起look on旁观look out for sb./sth.当心, 当心, 留心 某人或某物 lookthroughsth.认真检查, 快速阅读 某物 look sth. up查阅, 向上看look up to sb. 称赞/敬重某人look down on/upon轻视, 看不起lookinto调查Every child is looking forward to the Spring Festival.每一个孩子都期盼着过年We are looking forward to seeing each other soon. 我们期盼着尽快看到彼此The day I have been looking forward tosoonA will come B comec came D comingThe day we had been looking forward to at last.AcomeB had comeC cameD coming依据语境用 look 短语填空(1) Sheher notes before the exam.(2) There s a car coming.(3) A working party has been set up tothe problem.(4) Can youthe time of the next train.七.that ,it, one , ones, the one 与 the onesthose的 区分（1）. it1) 代替上文提到的名词,指代同一事物同名同物 ,不能带修饰语：-Do you want the magazine.-Yes,I want it. I don't want to drink the tea It is too hot 2) it 用作人称代词时, 可指已知的或暗含的事实或情形,或用作形式主语 / 宾语,也可替代性别不明的婴儿；Once the supermarket closes, it will mean that 200 workers will be laid off.No, she was not at home last night. What about it.It would be a pity to miss it.It is not worth getting upset.It's probable that we'll be a little late.I find it difficult to talk to you about anything serious. She thought it a waste of time arguing with him.George made it dear that he disagreed.2. one 1）代替上文中显现过的单数可数名词,表泛指（同类但不是同一） 前面可以有冠词或形容词,也可以有 this 或 that 或 another,但前不能有物主代词：I have 1ost my pen I m gnogi to buy one.This pen doesn t work. I must buy another one. I prefer this one to that one.比较：I m looking for a flat. Id like a small one with a garden. I m looking for a flat. Id like one with a garden.（不能说： . a one with a garden.）2） one 作为不定人称代词 , 可泛指 任何一个人 ,有 one's 和 oneself 形式；多用于正式文体,口语中也可用 he/his 代替其次个 one/one's.One has to take care of oneself and one's family if he can. One shouldn't hesitate to correct his/one's mistakes.If one wants to see the ruins, he must find his own guide. 假如一个人想看那废墟 , 他必需找自己的向导； One of the girl students hasn't handed incomposition.A. one'sB. hisC. theirD. her3. ones 是 one 的复数形式,常用来代替复数可数名词,表泛指,前面不用物主代词修饰,也不用these 或 those 来直接修饰,除非 ones 前面有形容词：I have a new coat and several old ones.These yellow waistcoats are so small. I want those green ones.4 the one 替代表特指的单数名词：Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. Hand me my coat.