2022年小学英语易错与易混淆知识点总结.docx

易错与易混淆的学问点 .1、误 Please give me a paper.正 Please give me a piece of paper.析不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词,这种缘由是对英语中可数与不行数名词的概念 与中文中的能数与不能数相混淆了,所以造成了这样的错误,因paper 在英语中是属于物质名词一类,是不行数名词；而不行数名词要表达数量时,要用与之相关的量词来表达,如：two pieces of paper.2、误 Please give me two letter papers.正 Please give me two pieces of letter paper.析 paper 作为纸讲是不行数名词,而作为报纸、 考卷、 文章讲时就是可数名词, 如：Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt.3、误 My glasses is broken.正 My glasses are broken.4、误 I want to buy two shoes.正 I want to buy two pairs of shoes.析英语中 glasses 眼镜, shoes 鞋, trousers 裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式；假如要表示一副眼镜应用 a pair of glasses 而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一样；如： 5、This pair of glasses is very good.误 May I borrow two radioes.正 May I borrow two radios.析以 o 结尾的名词大都是用加es 来表示其复数形式,但假如o 前面是一个元音字母或外来语时就只加 s 就可以了；这样的词有zoo zoos,piano pianos.6、误 This is a Mary's dictionary.正 This is Mary's dictionary.析如名词前有指示代词this, that, these those, 及其他修饰词 our,some, every, which,或全部格时,就不要再加冠词；7、误 There are much people in the garden.正 There are many people in the garden.析 可数名词前应用 many, few, a few, a lot of来修饰, 而 people 是可数名词, 而且是复数名词,如： The people are planting trees here.8、误 I want a few water.正 I want a little water.析不行数名词前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some来修饰,但不行用many,few 来修饰；9、误 Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me.正 Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me. 10、误 Tom's and Mary's family are waiting for us.正 Tom's and Mary's families are waiting for us.11、误 I'm sorry. I have to go. Tom's families are waiting for me.正 I'm sorry. I have to go. Tom's family are waiting for me.析 集合名词假如指某个集合的整体,就应视为单数, 如指某个集合体中的个体就应视为复数；如 :My family is a big family. When I came in, Tom's family were watching TV.即汤姆一家人正在看电视；这样的集合名词有：family class, team 等；12、误 Don't eat too much meats.正 Don't eat too much meat.13、误 Food in that restaurant is very good.正 The food in that restaurant is very good.析物质名词是不行数名词,在使用中不行以加s,即它没有复数形式；也不行加不定冠 词；但假如用于特指某一物质时可以加定冠词；如：I don't like drinking coffee, but the coffee in that cup is really good.14、误 Please give me two waters.正 Please give me two glasses of water.正 Please give me two coffees.f milk,a loaf of bread,a piece of bread,a box of sugar,bowl of rice,a bottle of orange,bag of earthI'll tell you a piece of good news.two cups of tea,two glasses of water,a glassoaa但只有 coffee 可以用 coffees 来取代 many cups of coffee. 15、误 Can you give me the newspaper of today.正 Can you give me today's newspaper.析加 's 构成全部格的名词一般应指有生命的人或物；如：Mary's hair ,但在英文的习惯用法中对时间、距离等名词的全部格多用's 来构成而不用 of 结构；如： a five minutes' walk. 16、误 Please make a room for the lady in the school bus.正 Please make room for the lady in the school bus.析英语中更多的名词是含有多种用法和多种含意的,如： room 为可数名词时为“房间” ,如： I live in Room 5. 而 room 为抽象名词时为空间上面一句话应译为 “请给老妇人在校车上留个地方；”这样的词仍有： glass 玻璃 glasses 眼镜 stone 石头 a stone 一块石头 time 时间 two times两次 wood 木头 woods 树林17、误 There is a flowers garden behind my house.正 There is a flower garden behind my house.析名词除了在句中作主语、宾语、表语外,仍可以用来修饰另一个名词,这时作修饰词的名词一般要用单数形式,如：shoe factory 鞋厂 ,post office 邮局 ,evening paper 晚报 ,nightschool 夜校 ,head master 校长 ,a law school 法律学院 ；但也有例外,如 :a goods train 货车,sports meeting 运动会 ；18、误 My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning.正 My mother bought two fish for supper this morning.析英语中有些名词单复同形,如： fish, deer, sheep, Chinese 中国人 , means 方法 ；所以应讲 one fish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese. 假如讲 There are five fishes in the pool. 应译为池中有五种鱼而不是五条鱼；19、误 Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend.正 Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend.析英语中有些名词只有复数形式,如：thanks, greens, 而有些词单数形式与复数形式有不同的词意；如 :clothes 为衣服,而 cloth 就是布,sand 沙子,而 sands是沙滩；20、误 I offered my son my congratulation on his success.正 I offered my son my congratulations on his success.析英语中表示庆贺的词虽有单数形式,但一般要用其复数形式；如握手为 shake hands. 21、误 We have five German in this meeting.正 We have five Germans in this meeting.析 英国人 Englishman 的复数形式为 Englishmen ,而 German 就要加 s,由于它不是由国名与 man 的组合词；22、误 There are two As in this word.正 There are two A's in this word.析在大写字母缩写形式的复数表达法中应加s,但如字母是 A 、I 时,为了防止与 As 和Is 相混,就要用 's 即 A's, I's23、误 There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number.正 There are three 6's and two 3's in my telephone number.析在小写字母与数字的复数形式表达法中要用's 24、误 We have many woman teachers in our school.正 We have many women teachers in our school.析一般组合名词变为复half brother half brothers 同父异母或同母异父的兄弟daughter in law daughtersin law, 儿媳 但要留意的是：man driver men drivers 男司机 womandoctor womendoctors 女大夫grown up grown ups 成年人 但是 boy student 就变为 boy students25、误 Physics are very difficult to learn.正 Physics is very difficult to learn.析虽以s 结尾但只能用作单数名词有：科学,学科名字：Physics. Mathematics politics 嬉戏名称： bowls专出名称： Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉瀑布 其他名词： news消息,新闻 26、误 There is a people in the room.正 There is a person in the room.正 There is a man in the room.析people 是复数名词, 不行用作单数, 如要用来讲一个人时应用a person, a man, a woman；同样的词有 police. 要讲一个警察时就要用a policeman, a policewoman ；27、误 Where is my shoe.正 Where are my shoes.析经常只用作复数形式的词有 trousers, pants, shorts短裤 , socks袜子 ,shoes, gloves手套 ；但假如只找其中的一个就要指明, 这时仍是应用单数形式； 如：Where's my left glove. 我左手的手套在哪 .28、误 I paid five pennies for the sweet.正 I paid five pence for the sweet.析英语中便士有两个复数形式 pence 用来表达肯定数量的钱；而 pennies 是指一个个的硬币,如： I want to change this note for pennies. 我想把这纸币换成硬币； 即一便士一个的硬币 ；29、误 There are many fruit in the shop.正 There are many fruits in the shop.析 物质名词为不行数名词, 但是用来表示种类时就可以用作可数名词, 这里应译为各种30、误 There is a new car. It is Jone's and Mary's.正 There is a new car. It is Jone and Mary's.析有生命名词的全部格,假如是单数名词就加's 如： Mary's car.假如是以 s 结尾的复数名词就只在 s 后面加 如： teachers' offices.假如是复数名词但不是以s 结尾, 就只加 s,如： children'spalace 组合名词的全部格是在最终一个词尾加's 如： girlfriend girlfriend'ssomeone else someone else's a week or three a week or three's 如名词后有同位语时,就应加在同位语的词尾上,如：It is my girl friend, Mary's car.要留意的是当两个名词并列时,如表示归两人共同全部,就在最终一个名词后面加's,假如表示分别全部就在两个名词后分别加's,如：This is Mary and Jone's home. 即 Mary 与 Jone是一家人； 这是他们共同的家； 而 These are Mary's and Jone's homes.就应译为这里是 Mary 的家与 Jone 的家；31、误 It is really beautiful. It is a work of nature.正 It is really beautiful. It is a Nature's work.析无生命名词的全部格应用of 结构；但是 's 形式的全部格可用于以下无生命的名词：表示时间的词： today's newspaper, a twenty minutes' walk, an hour's, rest表示长度的词： three metres' distance, a boat's length , twenty miles' journey表示重量的名词： two pounds' weight 价格名词： two dollars'worth拟人化的名词： Nature's work, nature'slesson大自然的教训 及国家、机关、团体、城市等机构性名词：the university's library32、误 He is an old friend of my father.正 He is an old friend of my father's.析这是英语中的一种习惯用法而不要依据语法去推理；这是我们所说的双重全部格. 留意,of 后面接的是 sb. 如s： This pen is Tom's.33、误 My father is a good cooker.正 My father is a good cook.析一般动词加上er后 就转意为执行该动作的执行者,如 :teach教 teacher 老师,think 想 thinker 思想家 ,drive 开车 driver 司机 ,sell 卖 seller卖物者 但不能总是以此类推,比如cook 是动词“做饭” ；而 cook 也可作为名词“厨师”讲,而cooker 就为厨具,餐具,即锅、碗、勺等做饭用具；34、误 The young is dancing there.正 The young are dancing there.析英文中用定冠词加上形容词表示一类人时应按复数名词, 如：the rich 富人,the poor 穷人,the wise 聪慧人,但假如用定冠词加形容词来表示事物就要用作单数名词,如：The beautiful is still here. 漂亮的风景照旧；35、误 The stories of the book was written many years ago.正 The stories of the book were written many years ago.析这句话的真正主语应是stories,所以应用复数谓语动词；36、误 This is one of the English-Chinese dictionary.正 This is one of the English-Chinese dictionaries.析 one of 意为“之一” , of 后面的名词要用复数形式；37、误 Let's go to uncle Wang for supper.正 Let's go to uncle Wang's for supper.析 uncle Wang's 意为“王叔叔家” , doctor's 意为“医院或私人诊所” ；38、误 I think we will make a friend with each other.正 I think we will make friends with each other.析 make friends 为习惯用法,即交伴侣；39、误 I want to tell you much pieces of good news.正 I want to tell you many pieces of good news.析 news 为不行数名词,但加了量词之后就要用many 来修饰量词,因量词是可数名词, 或可以说 I want to tell you some good news.因 some 即可用在可数名词前,也可用在不行数名词前作形容词,如：I want to tell you some pieces of good news.40、误 The teacher with five students are coming here.正 The teacher with five students is coming here.析要留意由with 引出的介词短语不是本句的主语,这与连词and 有很大的区分,如：The teacher and fivestudents are coming here. 这里由介词引出的短语仅仅是teacher 的修饰语；41、误 There are a lot of information here, but we don't need them.正 There is a lot of information here, but we don't need it.析 information 为不行数名词,而用作代替它的词要用it 而不能用 them. 42、误 Many a student make the same mistake in the exam.正 Many a student makes the same mistake in the exam.析 many a 加可数名词单数,作主语时其谓语动词应用单数形式,但其意为很多同学；43、误 The children wear very good cloth to go to school today.正 The children wear very good clothes to go to school today.析英文中 cloth,clothes,clothing是易混之词： cloth 是物质名词,意为“布” ,没有复数形式,而 clothing 是指衣物的总称, 也没有复数形式； clothes 是指衣服, 但没有单数形式, 如：This clothing is needed in warm countries. Her clothes are made of fine cloth.英文中的 dress就指较正规的服装,如： a school dress 校服, an evening dress 晚礼服；44、误 I like to study the English.正 I like to study English.析作为一种学科名词前不要用冠词,而作为某一特指学科就要加冠词,如：I like to study history. I like to study the history of America.45、误 The Browns is going to visit China.正 The Browns are going to visit China.析定冠词加姓加s,就意为“ Brown先生一家人” ；所以应用复数谓语动词；此句应译为： Brown 先生一家将要拜访中国；三 例题解析1. Lucy and Lily in the same class.A.amB. isC. areD. be答案 C.析由 and 连接两个单数名词作主语时应按复数名词来搭配谓语动词；2. Which is the to the bus stop, please.Aroad Bway C street D address答案 B.析这是考察同意词辨析,road 是指较宽敞的大道,意为“乡间大路”,而 street 意为道路两边的建筑物较高,可视为街道之意,而way 就多为要到达某地所要经过的途径,仍可引深为方式、 方法； 而 address就为 “地址”；如：There is a car running along the country road.I live at 105 Park street. Can you show me the way to the National Museum.3. Hurry up.There is time left.A littleBa littleCfewDa few答案 A.析因 time 作为时间讲为不行数名词,所以不行用few , a few 来修饰；另外,英文的表达法与中文不同,中文讲,快点,时间不多了,而英文要讲,快点,没时间了；因此,要用little 而不用 a little.4. How many can you see in the picture.A tomatosB tomatoesCtomatoD the tomato答案 B.析用 How many 提问时,其名词要用复数形式,而tomato 的复数要加es.5. is the meat. Please.Ten yuan a kilo.AHow muchB How manyC How oldD How long答案 A.析 由对话的答语可看出其问句问的是价格；钱数作为整体、价格讲时,不论其值是多少都是不行数名词,要用how much提问；6 The boy's name is James Allen Green. So his given name is . AJames AllenBAllen GreenCJames GreenDMr. GreenA.析 英文的习惯与中文不同,中文是姓在前名字在后,而英文就是姓在最终,其第一个名 字是由父母所起的,中间的名字可能是父母、教父所起的,但都可称作given name,而姓在英文中是 family name.7 Shanghai is one of the biggest in our country.AcityBcity'sCcitysDcities D.析 复音字母以 y 结尾的单词的复数形式要把y 变成 i 再加 es；one of 加名词的结构中的名词应用复数；8 Would you please pass me .A two paperB two papersC two pieces of paperD two pieces of papers C.析 paper 是不行数名词,如讲一张、两张纸时,要用量词piece.9 September 10th is Day.ATeacherB TeachersC Teacher'sD Teachers' D.10 I only have bread for lunch today.Aa bitBa bit ofClittleDfew答案 B.11 “What would you like, Ann.”“ I'd like two .” Aglass of milkB glasses of milkC glass of milksDglasses of milksB.12 There isn't paper in the box. Will you go and get forme. Aany, someB any, anyC some, someD some, anyA.析 any 用于否定句与疑问句,但假如要表达说话者真心实意期望得到确定答复时,问句中要用 some 而不要按一般语法规律用any.13 June 1st is .A Children's dayB children's Day C Children's DayD答案 C.14 These foreign friends are .A GermanBGermenCGermanyD Germans答案 D.15 All the students are busy, so of them will go to the cinema.AmanyBlittleC a fewD fewD.析 student 是可数名词,而few 用于可数名词,意为：几乎没有同学去电影院；16 There are three and seven in the picture.Adeers,sheepsB deers, sheep C deer, sheepDdeer,sheepsC.析 deer 与 sheep均是单复同形的名词； .AmyBKike's and John'sCourDKike and John's答案 D.析由于 room 为单数,所以不行能是Kike 的一间与 John 的一间,应为二者共用的一间房子；