2022年届中考英语语法考点知识重点复习3.docx

精品学习资源代词一 学问概要英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、 反身代词、 指示代词、 疑问代词、 不定代词；人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别；请看下表人称 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们主格 i youhe she it we you they宾格 me you him her itus you them物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种；请看下表人称 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的形容词性 my your his her its ours your they名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs反身代词可见下表人称 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourself themselves指示代词主要有 this, that, these, those疑问代词有： who, whom whose, what, which,仍有疑问副词when, how, where, why ；不定代词在中学课本中主要有some, any， many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either二 正误辨析误 Tom' s mother is taller than my.正 Tom's mother is taller than mine.析形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如：my boo k，而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高；比较的对象是my mother, 也就是 mine ；误 We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them.正 We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it.析在应用代词时，要留意人称，格与数的一样性；这里it所代替的是不行数名词homework ， 所以应用 it ；误 He and you should go to the library to return the books.正 You and he should go to the library to return the books.欢迎下载精品学习资源析这主要是英语习惯上的用法； 当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列次序一般为you, he,she, I,而复数时为 we, you ， they: 如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：He and she如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用， I, he, she, you,复数时用 They, you， we, 如： Tom and I are good friends.You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon. We, you and they have been there before.I, he and you have to pay for it.误 He or h is brother is doing their homework.正 He or his brother is doing his homework.析由 eitheror, neithernor,连or接两个主语时，假如两主语是单数时，用单数代词， 如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如：Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man. 如是一单一复两名词时，一般将单数名词放在前，复数名词放在后，要用复数代词，如： The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.误 His brother is taller than him.正 His brother is taller than he.析 than 是连词，其后应视为省略句，than he is. 所以要留意区分其主格与宾格的用法；I like you as much as she.正 I like you as much as her.析 asas 其后也应看作是省略句；应为as I like her.所以应用宾格；而第一句应译为我像她那样喜爱你；两句语法都是对的但含义不同；误 Myself did it yesterday.正 I myself did it yesterday.正 I did it myself yesterday.析反身代词不行作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语；误 Take care of ourselves.正 Take care of yourselves .yourself析祈始句的主语应看作其次人称you.误 Please bring your daughter with yourself.正 Please bring your daughter with you.析反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，如： The old欢迎下载精品学习资源woman spoke to herself.误 Make yourself home.正 Make yourself at home.析这是英语中的习惯用法，意为“像在家里一样 ”；这样的用法仍有：enjoy oneself玩得高兴 make yourself at home像在家中一样help yourself to something自己拿某物 lost oneself迷路 seat oneself 就坐 dress oneself 穿衣误 Who's this speaking. That's Mary.正 Who's that speaking. This is Mary.析在电话用语中，this 指讲话人自己，而that 指对方；误 The days in summer are longer than this in winter.正 The days in summer are longer than those in winter.析 在比较句中往往为了防止重复，可以用 that 或 those 取代前面提到的事物， 如是单数时用 that, 复数时用 those ，如： The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Chang Chun.误 It is so a good book that everyone likes to read.正 It is such a good book that everyone likes to read.正 It is so good a book that everyone likes to read.析在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词 +不定冠词 +名词 +that 从句，也可用such+不定冠词+形容词 +that 从句；在不行数名词或可数名词复数时，只用 such, 如：It is such good weather that I want to go swimming. They are such good books that I want to buy them all.在 many, much, few, little 这 4 个词前仅能用so,如： She has so much money that she can buy everything she wants.而在 so 与 that 之间仅存形容词时， 就不能用 such,如:She is so sweet that everyone likes her.误 I want to buy a same dictionary as yours.正 I want to buy the same dictionary as yours.析 same 与定冠词 the 是固定搭配不行更换；这样的用法仍有all the same 仍旧 ；误 I hope she might pass the exam. I don't hope so.正 I hope she might pass the exam. I hope not.析 在作确定回答时， I think so. I hope so. I believe so. 但作否定回答时为：I don't think so. I hope/believe not.欢迎下载精品学习资源误 He studied very hard this term. So she did.正 He studied very hard this term. So did she.误 English is difficult to learn. So is it.正 English is difficult to learn. So it is.析在对话中假如某一动作同时适用于两个主语，这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句；如第一组句， 即 studied hard 既适用于 he,也适用于 she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复，即仅仅是第一句的缩写时就不要用倒装句；如其次组句子为：英语难学；答语为：是的，难学；这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句；误 Everyone should do one's best.正 Everyone should do his best.析 one 作代词时， 它的复数形式是 ones,全部格形式是 one's ，反身代词为 oneself.假如讲One should do one's best. 就是对句；假如 one 与别的词组成其他词，如： someone, anyone, everyone 或 only one 就要用 his/her ，来作其全部格形式；误 Who won the game. None.正 Who won the game. No one.析由 who 提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是 no one, 而由 How many 提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是 None. 如： How many books are there. None.误 There are many trees on either sides of the street.正 There are many trees on either side of the street.正 There are many trees on both sides of the street.析 either 作代词时由两个含意，其一是两者中任凭哪一个，如：You can take either.其二是两者中的每一个； 但要留意的是 either 后要加单数名词， 假如作主语就谓语动词也要用单数形式；误 Either you or I are right.正 Either you or I am right.析 在 eithero或r,neither nor连接两个主语时， 其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配；误 I have three sisters. Neither of them is a doctor.正 I have three sisters. None of them is a doctor.析 neither 用于两者中无一是，而none 就用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是；欢迎下载精品学习资源误 He doesn't like Beijing opera. I don't like too.正 He doesn't like Beijing opera, I don't like either.析 either 作为 “也”讲时，要用于否定句中，而too 就用于确定句中；误 We like both this little boy.正 We both like this little boy.析 both 作同位语时，它在句中的位置有：在be 动词之后，如： We are bothstudents. 在实意动词之前，如：The parents both want to go to the cinema.用于第一助动词之后，如： We have both read these English novels. 使用时要留意以下句子的实际含意：Both of us are notright. 应译为：我们俩不都对； Neither of us is right. 才应译为：我俩都不对；又如：I can't giveyou both of the books. 意为：两本书我不能全给你， 而 I can't give you either of the books. 才为： 两本书我全不能给你；误 We each has a ticket for the concert.正 We each have a ticket for the concert.析each 作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式，如：Each of us wants to learn English well ， 但 each 作同位语时，就应以原名词的数为准；误 Every of us has to pass the exam.正 Each of us has to pass the exam.析 every 只可作形容词，不行作代词，而each 既可作形容词，又可作代词，在作形容词时 each 侧重强调个体，而every 就侧重于全体；误 Everyone of us should do housework two hours a day.正 Every one of us should do housework two hours a day.析 everyone 不行与 of 结构相连接使用，而every one 就可以这样用；误 I should read English everyday.正 I should read English every day.析要留意的是 every day 是“每天 ”，而 everyday 就是形容词为 “日常的 ”；如：everyday English日常英语， everyday life 日常生活；误 There are trees on every sides of the street.正 There are trees on each side of the street.析 every 用于三者或三者以上的每一个，而 each 用于二者或二者以上的每一个；由于街道只有两侧，所以只能用each 而不能用 every.欢迎下载精品学习资源误 All my parents are engineers.正 Both my parents are engineers.析 all 用于三者或三者以上的全部，而both就用于两者的全部；误 All of students might make some mistakes.正 All of the students might make some mistakes.正 All students might make some mistakes.析非特指的名词前可用all 但不行用 all of 结构，也就是讲 all of 结构后面的名词前肯定要有 定冠词；其他与 all 有关的习惯用法仍有：all the year round, all week, all day, all winter误 The all village was flooded.正 All the village was flooded.析 all 作修饰语时要用在全部修饰词之前；误 The post office is on other side of the street.正 The post office is on the other side of the street.析单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another, 而特指时就要用the other, 因街道只有两边，而不在这边必定是在另一边，所以要用特指；请参考下表的用法以便于记忆；单数 复数泛指 another 形容词 作定语 作名词another 代词 other others 特指 the other 形容词the other 代词the other the others误 There are ten students here Where are the others students.正 There are ten students here.Where are the others.正 There are ten students here Where are the other students.析 the others=the other students.误 The old man has two sons. One i s a teacher, another is a doctor.正 The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, the other is a doctor.析another 用于泛指， 如：Is it far from here to the station.I'm sorry. I have no idea. One may say it is quite near ； another may say it is far from here.但在特指时就要用the other. 它可以用欢迎下载精品学习资源作定语， the other one, 也可以用作代词 the other, 但 the other用作代词时它的含意肯定是单 数；假如指三者或者三者以上的情形时，就要用oneanother the other. 或者 onea second the third误 Some people like sports. The others like reading.正 Some people like sports. Others like reading.析在泛指的复数名词前用someothers others 来表示某些人 某些人 某些人 ；误 Please remember to water the flowers each other day.正 Please remember to water the flowers every other day.析 every other day为每隔一天；是习惯用法，不要随便改动；又如：on the other hand另一方面；误 Many know him ， but few likes him.正 Many know him , but few like him.析few 用于可数名词， 意为几乎没有， 但 few 作主语时谓语动词就要用复数形式，而 a few为有一些；误 You have few friends, haven't you.正 You have few friends, have you.析 little 与 few 用于句中时，均要按否定句看待；误 Much of what you said are true.正 Much of what you said is true.析 much 用于不行数名词，作主语时用单数谓语动词；而many 用于可数名词，它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词；误 This room is enough large for the students to live in.正 This room is large enough for the students to live in.析 enough 可以用作代词，如：There is enough of the food.又如： Enough has been done for the work ，但 enough仍可以作形容词来修饰名词，这时enough 可以放在名词之前，也可放在名词之后，如： money enough与 enough money 都是对的；但当 enough 作副词修饰形容词时，就只能置于形容词之后了；误 I want any books to read. Do you have any.正 I want some books to read. Do you have any.析依据语法 any 用于疑问句和否定句，而some 用于确定句；欢迎下载精品学习资源误 Would you like any thing to drink.正 Would you like something to drink.析在由 would you like发出的问句中，表达了说话者真心实意要为对方供应些饮料，或在说话者想得到对方的确定答复时，在疑问句中要用some 而不用 any；误 Someone want to meet you.正 Someone wants to meet you.析不定代词应被看作单数， 即使用 and 连接两个不定代词， 也要看作单数， 如：and everyone has the right.任何人，每一个人都有这样的权力；误 New York is much colder in winter than before.正 It is much colder in New York in winter than before.析 it 经常用在英文的句子中来代表时间、距离、天气、自然现象，或用在句中作形式主语或宾语，如：It is ten o'clock now. 代时间 It is far from here to the airport. 代距离 It is very hot. 代天气 It is very difficult to learn English well. 作形式主语 We found it very difficult to answer the question. 作形式宾语 误 Be careful. Don't drink too many.正 Becareful. Don't drink too much.析这里 much 所代的应是饮料或水，所以应为不行数名词；三 例题解读1 These are books. Yours are over there.答案 B.析这里应用形容词性物主代词；2 is she. She is a teacher.答案 A.析这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立，但其意义不同；What is she. 应译为 “她的工欢迎下载精品学习资源作是什么 .”或“她是做什么的 .”而 How is she. 应译为 “她身体如何 .”而 Who is she. 应译为 “她是谁 .”其答语应为 “她叫什么名字； ”而 Where is she.应为 “她在什么地方 .”由答语打算了这道题的挑选；3 is wrong with my watch. It has stopped . ASomething, workingBSomething, to work答案 A.析由于是确定句所以应用Something,其后由于表停止工作了，就stop 后要用动名词；4 Mary, help to the bananas, please.答案 C.析 help oneself to something为“自己拿某物 ”；yourself 为“你一个人 ”，而 yourselves 为“你们”；5 do you go to school every day. By bus.答案 A.析这题的答案是由问句打算的；6 My skirt is popular than .答案 D.析因句中有 than, 所以应选用比较级，而than 后要选用名词性物主代词；7 Can you speak English. Yes, but only .AfewBa fewClittleDa little答案 D.析 因会讲某种语言的多少要用a little, 把它看作不行数名词对待，此答语为： 是的， 但仅仅会讲一点；8 Mr.Smith is an old friend of .欢迎下载精品学习资源答案 D.析这里应选名词性物主代词，这也是英语的一种习惯用法，而不要挑选my ；9 “ do you hear from your parents.” “ About once a month.”A How longBHow many答案 C.析 How often 问的是某一动作发生的频率，即在单位时间内发生多少次；10 Mr Green wouldn't say at the meeting.答案 C.析在否定句中应用anything11 “ Mum, Ann's coming tonight. Let's give her to eat.” “ Good idea.”Aanything niceB nice anything答案 C.析确定句中用 something 而不用 anything, 不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面；12 When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening. I don't mind. time is OK.答案 C.析因如选用 both 就名词要用复数名词， 也要用复数谓语动词， 由于答语前有I don't mind就打算不能挑选 neither.13 This is not her kite,but .答案 D.析要留意 “他的 ”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的；14 Don't worry, Mum. news is good news. I'm sure daddy will come back soon. ANoBManyC ThoseD Two欢迎下载精品学习资源答案 A.析这是一条谚语，即没有消息就是好消息；15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has apples than he.答案 C.析由于是比较级，依据题意应选“多于 ”而不是 “少于 ”；16 There isn't in today's newspaper. A anything interestingB something interesting C nothing interestingD interesting anything答案 A.析由于句子是否定句，应挑选anything ，而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面；17 September 10th is Day.ATeacherB TeachersC Teacher'sD Teachers'答案 D.析老师节Teachers' Day,儿童节 Children's Day, 妇女节 Women's Day18 In England, people eat a lot of“ takeaway ” food. What about people in your country.A答案 C.析在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时，就要采纳倒装句， 但假如仅仅是对上句的重复就不要倒装；19 Shall we go into that shop and have a look. Sorry. I won't. I have to do there.AeverythingB anythingCsomething答案 D.析这个答案的挑选应由上下两句对话内容作出打算；20 Oh, dear. Who broke the glass. Sam Bruce. It was the cat.欢迎下载精品学习资源答案 C.析 neither nor意为既不 也不 21 The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake. are climbing the hill.A OthersB OtherC AnotherD The other答案 A.析这里由于是代替复数名词，所以应用名词性的复数代名词；22 She is not a nur se. I'm not .答案 B.析在否定句中该用either, 而不用 too 和 also. 23 I have two pencils. One is red, is blue.答案 A.析两者中的另一个应为特指；而且应为单数形式的代名词；而another 是泛指单数代名词； others 是泛指复数代名词，而the others 是特指复数代名词；24 Sorry, I can't answer your question. I know about the subject.A答案 A.析中文讲我对此知道的不多，而英文中要用little ；其含意为否定句；25 My sister doesn't like skating . A So do IB So I don't答案 D.析这是表达上面否定句中的动作，也同样不适合于其次个人；所以要用neither, 并要采纳倒装句；26 Yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room, .欢迎下载精品学习资源Ayou, he and IBI, you and he答案 A.析这是如干人称代词并列时的次序问题；请参看辨析中的例子；27 All the students are busy,so ofthem will go to the concert. A man答案 D.析 student 为可数名词；28 The teacher gave student a new book.答案 C.析 both 其后的名词应为复数，而any 用于疑问句和否定句中只有each 可以修饰单数可数名词；29 Black is neither a teacher a worker. A orB either答案 C.析 neither nor为“既不 也不 ”的固定搭配；30 Our teacher gave us on studying. A many advicesB some advices答案 D.析 advice 为不行数名词； some 可用于可数或不行数名词之前；31 There are two foreign friends in the park. One is from Japan, is from America. A otherB othersC th