2022年小学英语句子基本结构总结.docx

学习必备欢迎下载学校英语句子基本结构汇总本章主要讲解两个方面： （1）句子的成分和基本句型； （ 2）句子的种类；一、句子的成分和基本句型1句子的成分 主语+谓语=主题成分表语+宾语（直接 / 间接宾语） +宾语补足语 +定语+状语 = 次要部分 主语 subject主语是谓语叙述的对象, 表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”； 一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当；它在句首；We study in NO. 1 Middle School（ we 是主语,我们在一中上学； ）The classroom is very clean（ The classroom是主语,这个教室很洁净； ）Three students were absent（ Three students是主语,三个同学缺席； ）To teach them English is my job.（ To teach them English是主语,教他们英语是我的工作）It is my job to teach them English.（此句为特别句式, it作形式主语,真正的主语是 to teach them English ）谓语 predicate说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语 谓语部分里主要的词 必需用动词；谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必需一样,它在主语后面； His parents are doctors他的父母是医生； She looks well她看起来不错； We study hard 我们学习很刻苦； We have finished reading the book我们已经读完了这本书； He can speak English他可以说英语； 表语 predicative表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任；它的位置在系动词后面；You look younger than before你看起来比以前更年轻了；I am a teacher我是个老师；Every body is here； 全部的人都在这；They are at home now他们现在在家；My job is to teach them English我的工作是教他们英语；宾语 object宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后；She is playing the piano now她现在正在弹钢琴；He often helps me 他常常帮忙我；He likes to sleep in the open air他喜爱在室外睡觉；We enjoy living in China我们喜爱在中国生活； 宾语补足语 object complement宾语后面加上一个词或一个短语用来对宾语的特点、 状态等情形进行补充说明,这个词或短语叫做宾宾语补足语； 它和前面的宾语一起形成 “复合宾语” 它可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词或动词不定式等；“宾语+宾语补足语” = 复合宾语. Leave the door open.（open 是 door 的宾补）让门开着；. We found Li Ming out when we arrived.（副词 out ,是李明的宾补）当我们到达的时候发觉李明出去了；. Makeyourselfat home. （at home副词短语做 yourself的宾补） 别拘谨, 任凭；就像在自己家一样；. I saw a strangerenter the building.（enterthe building做 a stranger的宾补）我观察一个生疏人进入了大楼；. The boss kept them working all day.（working all day做 them 的宾补）老板让他们一成天都在工作；. Yesterday he got his leg broken.（ broken 做 his leg的宾补）昨天他的腿受伤了；状语 adverbial状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词；它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式程度等意义,一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中；He did it carefully他仔细的做这件事；Without his help,we couldn t work it out没有他的帮忙,我们不能完成这件事；In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard为了赶上我的同班同学,我必需努力学习；定语 attributive定语用来修饰名词或代词,凡是出名词、代词的地方都可以有定语形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语,不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语；The black bike is mine（形容词 black 修饰名词 bike ）这个黑色的自行车是我的；What is your name.（形容词性物主代词 your 修饰名词 name）你叫什么名字？ They made paper flowers.（名词 paper 修饰名词 flowers ）他们制备纸花；The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One.（介词短语 in the room修饰名词 boys）这个房间里的男孩们在一年级三班；I have something to do.（动词不定式 to do修饰名词 something ）我有一些事要做；基本句型 第 1 种句型 S+V （主语+谓语） 主语谓语（不及物动词）. Class begins.（ class 主语,动词 begins 做谓语）. We begin our class at 8.（we做主语, begin 做谓语） 第 2 种句型 S+V+O主语谓语（及物动词） +宾语. My father read the book.（ my father做主语, read 做谓语, the book做宾语） 我爸爸读书；. She likes English.（ She做主语, likes做谓语, English做宾语）. I know him very well.（ I 做主语, know做谓语, him 做宾语）我很明白他. He stopped writing.（ he 做主语, stopped 做谓语, writing做宾语）. You must listen to me.（you 做主语, must listen to做谓语, me做宾语）你必需听我的；第 3 种句型 S+V+P主语+系动词 +表语. He became a scientist.（ He做主语, became做系动词,名词短语 a scientist做表语）；他成为了一个科学家；. They are honest.（ They做主语, are 是系动词,形容词 honest 是表语）他们是忠诚的；They are at home now.（ They是主语,are 是系动词,介词短语 at home是表语）他们现在在家；My job is to teach them English.（ My job 是主语, is 是系动词,动词不定式 to teach them English是表语） 我的工作是教他们英语；在句子中常常作为系动词的动词有keep looksmellsound taste feel growgetgoturn第 4 种句型 S+V+IO+DO主语谓语（及物动词）间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或是为谁做的双宾语 : 直接宾语 表示动作结果 和间接宾语 动作目标 He gaveTomapresent.（he 是主语,gave 是谓语,Tom是间接宾语,a present是直接宾语）Giveit to me.（give 是谓语, it是直接宾语, me是间接宾语） 必背： p.7间接宾语在后面时 ,其前必需加 to “给” 或 for 给 、 “替” 、 “为” 直接宾语和间接宾语的使用间+直当直接宾语是人称代词时,为了强调间接宾语,直+间我把它递给我妈妈；. I passed it to my mother.（ it是直接宾语, my mother 是间接宾语） 她把它们扔给我；. She threw them to me.（them 是直接宾语, me是间接宾语） 我为他找到余外的书 / 票；. I found spare books/tickets for him.（spare books是直接宾语, him是间接宾语）“疑问词 +不定式” 作直接宾语他教我如何读这个单词；. He taughtmehowto read the word. （me是间接宾语, howto read theword 是直接宾语） 我告知他做什么；. I told him what to do.（him 是间接宾语, what to do是直接宾语） 他问我为什么唱这支歌；. He asked me why to sing this song.（me是间接宾语, why to sing this song 是直接宾语）她问我走哪条路；. She asked me which way to go.（ me 是间接宾语, which way to go是直接宾语）第 5 种句型 S+V+O+OC主语谓语（及物动词）宾语宾语补足语call, name,make,think ,and,leave 他们使她幸福；. They made her happy.（ They 是主语, made 是谓语, her 是宾语, happy是宾补）我们叫她康妮；. We call her Connie.（we 是主语, call是谓语, her 是宾语, Connie 是宾补）我觉得这部电影很有意思；. I found the movie interesting（I是主语, found是谓语, the movie是宾语, interesting是宾补） 他让这个窗户开着；. Heleftthe window open（He是主语, left是谓语, the Window是宾语, open 是宾补）我观察她跳舞了；. I saw her dance.（I 是主语, saw是谓语, her 是宾语, dance 是宾补）第 4 种句型和第 5 种句型（双宾语和复合宾语）的比较第 4 种句型变为被动语态,有两种情形：. We sent them a telegram.我们给他们发了个电报；They were sent a telegram.A telegram was sent to them.第 5 种句型变为被动语态时,只有一种句式；. I will make you king.You will be made king. He gave me a book. He calls me Tom.宾语+宾语补足语可以形成规律上的主谓关系,即“我是汤姆；间接宾语和直接宾语不存在规律上的主谓关系,即不能想像为“我是一本书”；1 用所给的单词组成句子1. to, the, box, I, want, take, to, room, heavy, the I want to take the heavy box to the room.2. look, things, the, after, boys, their, must The boys must look after their things.3. here, all, are, you You are all here.4. today, who, duty, is, on Who is on duty today.5. Miss, them, 3 years ago, Wang, taught, JapaneseMiss Wang taught them Japanese 3 years ago. 6.is, rice, bag, in, there, much, theThere is much rice in the bag.2 依据中文提示,完成以下句子1.Have you ever been to最远的小岛 . 2.We must保持清洁 our classroom.3. Theyand每两小时,必需坐下休息 two hours.4. After work he always感到有点儿累 .5. There is有点儿毛病 with Linda's cat's eyes.6.I can see没有反常之物 in the tree. 7.Mr. Fang is去拜访 his aunt.二、句子的种类1、陈述句凡是说明一件事情,提出一个看法,或是表达一种心情的句子有确定式和否定式；句末用句号“”,通常用降调 否定结构应留意事项A、使用 not 的部分否定假如使用了 very ,always 以及 all , both , every 及 every 的复合词. Idontplay football well. Idontplay football very well. Itisn talways hot here in summer.B、not 的其他否定表示a not at all一点也不我一点儿也不累；.I m not tired at all.我一点儿也不喜爱它；. Idontlike it at all.b not any more, notany longer再也不 我再也不在这儿住了；. I do n tlive here any longer.我再也不能多吃了；. I can not eat any more.=I can eat no more. 2、祈使句表示恳求、命令、建议等；谓语动词一律用原形；通常不用主语,句末用赞叹号或句号,用降调；1 含有其次人称主语的祈使句A、确定式：动词原形（省主语）. Stand up. Be quiet, please. Do study hard. Li Ming, come here. Come here, Li Ming含有第一、三人称主语的祈使句A、确定的祈使句Let 第一人称（ me, us ）Let 第三人称代词（ him/her/it/them）或名词 咱们立刻动身吧；. Let s go at once. Let sgo,shall/shan t we. Let us go,will/won t you . Yes, lets/No, lets not. Let me try again. Let Tom go there himselfB、否定的祈使句Let s us, me not 动词原形Dont let第三人称代词的宾格或名词动词原形. Let s notsay anything about it. Don tlet them play with fireLet them not play with fire. 3、感叹句表示喜、怒、哀、乐等剧烈感情；分为两种：一种以what 引导,一种以 how引导；句尾用感叹号“！”；用降调； what 引导的感叹句： What+名词（或形容词名词）陈述句（主语谓语）！ 他是个 多么诚恳的人啊 . What an honest man he is. 这些是 多么大的苹果啊 . What big apples these are.多么好的天气啊 . What fine weather it is.2 how 引导的感叹句： How+形容词或副词陈述句（主语谓语） +！今日天气多热阿！How hot it is today.那凤筝飞得多么高啊 . How high the kite is flying. 他跑的多快啊！How fast he runs.多么诚恳的人啊！ How honest the man is. 我多想当个老师阿 1How I want to be a teacher！1 按要求改写以下句子1There is some milk in the bottle 改为否定句 1. There isn't any milk in the bottle.2. Take the chair to the door 改为否定句 2. Don't take the chair to the door.3. He did the housework yesterday 改为否定句 3. He didn't do the housework yesterday.4. The ship is big 改为感叹句 4. How big the ship is./What a big ship it is.5. He does well in maths 改为否定句 5. He doesn't do well in maths.6. They can put the bag in the box 改为否定句 6. They cannot put the bag in the box.7. Give him a bottle of milk 改为否定句 7. Don't give him a bottle of milk.8. He had done with the goods before he went away 改为否定句 8. He hadn't done with the goods before he went away.9. These people are very brave 改为感叹句 9. How brave these people are./What brave people they are.10. Tom has strong arms 改为 What引导的感叹句 10. What strong arms Tom has.11. This film is very good 改为 How引导的感叹句 11. How good the film is.12I want to be a doctor 改为感叹句 12. How I want to be a doctor.13. There was something wrong with the radio 改为否定句 13. There was nothing wrong with the radio.or: There wasn't anything wrong with the radio.14. You must be kind to the other people 改为祈使句 14. Be kind to the other people./Do be kind to the other people.15. You mustn't eat lunch now 改为祈使句 15. Don't eat lunch now.16. Shall we play tennis after school.改为祈使句 16. Let's play tennis after school.17. How cold it is today.改为确定陈述句 17. It is very cold today.18I think he will come 改为否定句 18. I don't think he will come.19. He works very hard 改为 HOW引导的感叹句 19. How hard he works.20. Let's go to see them 改为否定句 20. Let's not go to see them. 2 汉译英1父亲很可怜,他几乎不会写他的名字；1. His father is poor. He can hardly write his name.2我很少看报纸,我不知道每天都发生什么事；2. I seldom read newspapers. Idont know what has happened /happens every day.3我的父亲并非每天早上都到办公室去；3. My father does not go to his office every morning.4好难的工作呀！4. What a difficult job.5他跳得真高！5. How high he jumps.