现在完成时延续性动词与非延续性动词.docx
. .终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：The train has arrived.火车到了。Have you joined the puter group?你加入电脑小组了吗？2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如(1)他死了三年了。误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. (2)他来这儿五天了。误：He has e here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、e为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如He hasn't left here since 1986. I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ."的句型，意为"直到才"。如：You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语) 6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如：误：How long have you e here? 正：How long have you been here? 一.延续性动词延续性动词延续性动词延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有: for+一段时间, 如：for 2 years; since从句, 如 since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如 since last year, since 5 days ago。例: He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. 二.非延续性动词非延续性动词非延续性动词非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, e, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：（考试重点，学生易错。）例： He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes. 这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，并且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词： arrive（get to /reach） be here (in) begin(start) be on die be dead e here（back）be here（back） leave be away (from) fall ill(sick, asleep)be ill(sick, asleep) get up be up go/ get out（there） be out（there） finish be over put on wear 或be on open be open（keep sth open） join be in或 be a member of+组织机构 close be closed go to school be a student borrow keep buy/get have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know know begin to study study e to work work move to live in finish/end be over e to be in sit down be seated marry be married dress be dressed bee be?. .jz.
