常见的字母及字母组合发音规则.doc

. -常见的字母与字母组合发音规那么I元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规那么元音字母的发音一元音字母a 1.重读开音节/ei/ paper；late；make；lake；face2.重读闭音节/æ/ bag；fat；cat；ladder；mass *例外：any一些/e/ ；many许多/e/ 3.非重读音节/ 或/i/ 即：/ ago；al ong；among；above；aloud/i/ rade；village；manager；palace；private；necklace *连续一样的辅音字母，一般只发一个音，而且归属后一个音节段。如上的ladder，village. 4.在字母w或wh后面，发/ was；wash；what；want；(*例外：water水/:/ ) 5.a在诸如-ance；-ask；-ass；-ast；-ath组合里 ，重读时均发/a:/ 即：dance；France；chance ask；mask；task；basket class；grass；glass；pass；*例外：mass/æ/ fast；cast；past；last；master；father；path；bath； (*例外：maths/æ/ ) 二元音字母e 1.重读开音节/i:/ me；he；she；these；evening2.重读闭音节/e/ hen；get；set；tell；echo 3.非重读音节/i/ useless；ticket；basket；pocket；before；below；三元音字母i或y 1.重读开音节/ai/ China；try；my；hi；time；guide；2.重读闭音节/i/ sit；hit；ill；little；system；3.非重读音节/i/ unit;study 四元音字母o 1.重读开音节/u/ no；so；go；home；photo；2.重读闭音节/ not；hot；box；fox；cock；cost；3.非重读音节/ purpose；concern4.o在字母m，n，v或th之前，均发/ son；month；e；ton；(*例外：Tom/ )love；dove；glove；above；anothermother；brother；bee；some5.两个单词：woman/w u-mn/ 女人单数；women/w i-min/ 女人复数 五元音字母u 1.重读开音节/ju:/ pupil；stud ent；use；cube2.重读闭音节/ 或/u/ 即：/ cut；luck；umbrella；us/u/ put；full；pull 3.非重读音节/ autumn;August；support 元音字母组合的拼读规那么 一元音字母a的字母组合1.ai或ay在重读音节中/ei/ rain；train；brain；pain day；may；play；stay；lay*ay在非重读音里/i/ 或/ei/ Sunday；Monday；Tuesday；Thursday；Friday2.al+ 绝大多数辅音字母/:/ small；wall；call；talk；walk；chalk或/:l/ also；always*al后面是k时，只发/:/ al+f或m时，al发/a:/ half；calm -al在词尾非重读/l/ medal；metal；(例外 canal运河，重音在后/æl/ )3.-ance在重读时/a:ns/ chance；dance；France 在非重读时/ ns/ importance；performance；ambulance4.-ant非重读/nt/ assistant；important；peasant5.-ange一般/eind/ change；danger；strange;(*但 orange/ind/ )6.-age一般/id/ village；carriage；marriage7.-ask一般重读时/a:sk/ ask；mask；task;basket 8.-ass一般重读时/a:s/ class；glass；grass；pass；(*但 mass/æ/ )9.-ast一般重读时/a:st/ last；past；fast；cast-aste一般/eist/ waste；paste；taste10.-ath一般/a:/ bath；path；(*但 maths/æ/ )或/a:ð/ father；rather；(*但 gather/æð/ ) 11.-au一般/:/ cause；autumn;August；(*但 because/ ) -augh(t)/:(t)/ caught；taught；daughter(*例外：laugh/la:f/ )12.-aw/:/ draw；saw；law；awful13.a在字母w或wh后面，a发/ was；wash；want；what；(*但 water/:/ ) 14.-ar重读音时/a:/ party；car；farm；army；yard；hard；star在字母w或音/w/ 后面时/:/ war；warm；warn;towards；*quarter在非重读音时/-/ beggar；dollar；solar 15.-are一般/-/ hare；bare；dare；stare；rare；care；parent16.-air一般/-/ chair；fair；hair；pair；stair；repair17.-able一般/eibl/ able；cable；tabl e；stable 二元音字母e的组合1.-ea重读音节有四个音，分别是以下： -ea/i:/ team；meat；lead；teach；read；mean；please；steal -ea/e/ threat；bread；meant；read(过去式和过去分词 )；peasant-ea/i/ real；really -ea/ei/ great；break2.-ee/i:/ feel；week；keep；three；steel；street；sweep；see*但是一个例外：coffee/i/ 3.-eer/i/ deer；pioneer；engineer；volunteer4.-er重读音节/:/ her；term；service；Germany非重读/ worker；paper；western；teacher特殊读法/a:/ clerk5.-ere/i/ here；mere -ere或者发/ there；where6.-ear有三种音，分别是；-ear/i/ ear；dear；near；clear；tear(n.)；beard-ear/:/ early；earth；learn；heard-ear/a:/ heart*tear作为动词时，发/ 7.-ei/ei/ eight；weigh；weight-ei/ai/ height-ei/i:/ receive8.-ey重读/ei/ they；hey；survey-ey重读/i:/ key -ey非重读/i/ monkey；donkey；valley；volleyball*-et非重读/it/ pocket；ticket；rocket9.-ew一般/ju:/ new；few；knew-ew或者发/u:/ grew；threw-ew还可以发/u/ sew10.-ege/id/ college 11.-est/ist/ biggest；modest；happiest；12.词尾的-ed在浊音后/d/ lived；studied-ed在清音后/t/ worked；finished-ed在字母t或d后/id/ wanted；needed 三元音字母i或y的组合1.-ie在重读音节中，或在辅音字母前，发/i:/ field；piece；achieve-ie在词尾/ai/ lie；die；tie 2.-igh(t)在重读音节/ai(t)/ high；night；light；bright3.-ir在重读音节/:/ girl；firm；circle；first；third4.-ire在重读音节/ai/ fire；tired；hire；retired；wire5.-ild/aild/ child；wild6.-ind/aind/ find；kind；mind；wind；(*但 window/ind/ )7.-ing/i/ king；wing；sing；doing；making 8.-(a)tion/(ei)n/ nation；pronunciation；information；position-stion/t n/ question -sion/n/ 或/n/ mission使命；precision精细9.-ye在词尾/ai/ good-bye；bye-bye 10.-ist/ist/ list；fist； 四元音字母o的组合1.-oa在重音时/u/ boat；coat；road；goat；toad-oar在重音时/:/ blackboard；aboard2.-oi，-oy在重音时/i/ boiler；point；join；oilboy；toy；joy；loyal 3.-oo一般/u:/ soon；too；zoo；room；noon；food；mood；boot；moon*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时，常发短音。如 classroom/u/ 等等。在字母k或有时在t，d之前时/u/ cook；look；book；took；foot；good；4.-or在重音时/:/ for；horse；important；morning；born-or在字母w后面/:/ work；word；world；worse；worth (*但是 wore，worn例外，均发/:/ ) -or在非重音时/ monitor；doctor；professor；forget；forwards；forgive；conductor 5.-oar一般/:/ board；aboard；blackboard 6.-oor一般/:/ 或在美式英语里发/ door；floor-oor还发/u/ poor 7.-ore在重音时/:/ snore；more；before；foreign；forest8.-ou一般/au/ shout；loud；round；found-ou还发/ country；countryside；trouble-ou还发/u:/ wound；wounded 9.-ough(t)发/:(t)/ ought；brought；bought；fought；thought(*例外： cough/k f/ )10.-oe/u/ toe；hoe；Joe 11.-old/uld/ old；hold；cold；told 12.-ost/ust/ post；most；host；ghost(*例外cost/st/ )13.-our在重音时/au/ sour；our；hour；还发/:/ four；course；pour还发/u/ tour；gourd -our在词尾(非重音)/ colour；neighbour；favourite14.-ow在重音时/au/ now；cow；down；how；town -ow在重音或非重音中/u/ low；yellow；below；follow；grow tomorrow；window；widow；know；show五元音字母u的组合1.-u在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b，p或f之后，均发/u/ 如： full；bull；pull；push；bush 字母l，r或j+u 构成的开音节，u发/u:/ rule；true；blue；June2.-ue在词尾/ju:/ argue；continue 3.-ui在字母j或r后面时，发/u:/ fruit；juice -ui在字母b或g后面，或者紧接重音节后面的一个音节时发/i/ ，如：build；guilty；biscuit(*即就是说字母u不发音)4.-ur在重音时/:/ turn；return；Thursday；nurse；purse在非重音时/ surprise；Saturday -ure在重音时/(j)u/ pure/ju/ ；manure/ju/ ；sure/u/ -ture发/t/ picture；future；mixture (II)辅音字母及辅音字母组合的拼读规那么 辅音字母一般都发字母本身音，只有一些是特殊的，下面试列举如下:1.b在一般情况下/b/ back；big；lab；brother b和u在一起，u常发/i/ building；build；busy-bt一般/t/ debt；doubt 2.c在字母e，i或y前面时/s/ city；Bruce；juice；bicycle；face；central c在字母a，o或u，或者在辅音字母前/k/ cup；cold；cattle；duck；bicycle；cap；cut；class； c在词尾时也发/k/ ，但后面有e，那还发/s/ gymnastic/k/ ；music/k/ ；grace/s/ ；Bruce/s/ -cc在元音字母a，o，u和辅音字母之前/k/ occasion；according；occupy；acclaim在元音字母e和i之前/ks/ accent；success-ci有时发/ social -ch有三种音/t/ /k/ 或/ 如下：/t/ China；rich；chick；chalk /k/ school；chemist；chemistry；chemical；ache；technology/ machine；parachute；moustache-tch/t/ catch；match；fetch；hatch；butcher -ck/k/ duck；luck；ticket；pocket；black；cock 3.d在一般情况下/d/ did；made；desk；duck；doubt；damage-ds发/dz/ birds；hands dr在元音字母前/dr/ dry；dress；driver；drill-dge一般/d/ bridge；fridge；judge；edge4.f在一般情况下/f/ five；flag；life；l eaf 5.g在字母e，i或y前面/d/ large；general；gymnastics；age；energy*例外： give；forgive；get；forget等，g都发/g/ 在字母a，o或u，或者在辅音字母前/g/ goat；game；guard；ghost；glass在词尾也发/g/ big；egg；fig；flag-gn/n/ ，即g不发音 foreign；sign；gnaw -gh发/f/ 或/-/ (*既不发音 )/-/ high；thought；light；brought/f/ laugh；cough-dge发/d/ bridge；knowledge；judge *gue-，gua-和gui-在词首时一般u都不发音 guess；guest；guard；guide而-gue在词尾发/g/ league；colleague 6.h在一般情况下/h/ help；behave；hell o；hit；hurry h在字母r或x后面不发音 rhino；exhibition 7.j在一般情况下/d/ joy；judge；injure；journey；January；jar；just8.k在一般情况下/k/ king；milk；kick；kiss；lock；knock k后面是n时，k不发音，即kn发/n/ knock；knee；know；knowledge；knife9.l在元音字母前发/l/ (*即“勒音，供参考 )light；look；let；lab；livel在辅音字母或词尾时发/l/ (*即“尔音，供参考 )cold；sell；chalk10.m在一般情况下/m/ meet；meat；mother；e；make；Tomm后面是b时，b不发音，即-mb发/m/ b；tomb；climb；bomber11.n在一般情况下/n/ in；now；next；ton；nest n在m后面时，n常不发音，即-mn发/m/ autumn；column 但后面有后缀或构成合成词，那么n还要发音的 autumnal；columnist-ng常发/ 或/g/ 发/ si ng；king；English;young 发/g/ finger；younger；language -nk常发/k/ ba nk；sink；sank；sunk；ink；thank12.p在一般情况下/p/ map；cap；people；pest -ph/f/ photo；phantom；philosophy；physics；phrase13.que在一般情况下/k/ unique；cheque qu一般发/kw/ quarter；quick；quilt；quiet；quite；queen 14.r在元音字母前才发音/r/ (*即音同“略供参考 )room；read；rest；around r在辅音字母或词尾前，一般不发音 car；star；jarrh在元音字母前只发/r/ rhyme；rhino；rhetoric 15.s在词首和词尾、清辅音之前或之后，或者在词尾同时在短元音之后，一般发/s/ 如： see；some；set；sister；works；lips；newspaper；yes；this 注：一条发音习惯，欧美人在发/s/ 音后面的清辅音时，习惯上把该清辅音发成相对应的浊辅音而书写音标的时候，还是写成清辅音，试举例如下：如：school-音标/sku:l/ ，而习惯念成/sgu:l/ street-音标/stri:t/ ，而习惯念成/sdri:t/ stubborn-音标/stbn/ ，而习惯念成/sdbn/ student-音标/stju:dnt/ ，而习惯念成/sdju:dnt/ space-音标/speis/ ，而习惯念成/sbeis/ steal-音标/sti:l/ ，而习惯念成/sdi:l/ 就是这样，像这样的单词还有很多。这里只列举这么多了。s在两个元音之间或者在浊辅音和元音之间时，发/z/ 如： these；nose；l ose；rise；wisdom；observe 词尾的s在浊辅音或元音之后即在浊音之后，发/z/ 如： pigs；plays；flags；eggs；toys；boys词尾的，s，在长元音之后，发/z/ hers；yourss还可以发/ sure；Russia -sh一般发/ sheep；ship；wish；show；shift；fish-sch一般情况下/sk/ school；scheme(方案)-sion一般情况下/ n/ tension；succession在元音字母后/ n/ decision；conclusion-sure在元音字母后/ measure；pleasure16.t在一般情况下/t/ tooth； cat；teach；tool；hit cut；let；ten；table；taste；-th一般发/ 或/ð/ ，即发/ thin；tooth；youth；think；thigh发/ð/ that；with；this；these；those -tr/tr/ try；trust；trip；trouble；tree；street -tion/ n/ information；organization；pronunciation；production(*一个例外： question/tn/ )-ture/t/ picture；mixture；future 17.v在一般情况下/v/ very；live；vehicl e；vase；valley；village 18.w在元音字母之前/w/ wear；wind ow；widow；week；weak；wisdom wr/r/ write；wrong；wrist；written wh/h/ who；whom；whose；whole wh/w/ what；which；when；where；whyaw/:/ draw；saw；law；lawyer；awful ew/ju:/ few；threw；grew；knew；newow/u/ own；owner；low；slow；know；below ow/au/ now；cow；crown 19.x在一般情况下/ks/ box；fox；next；textile 位于元音字母之前且重音落在后一个音节上时，发/gz/ exam；exist；anxiety20.y在元音字母之前/j/ you；youth；yes；young21.z在一般情况下/z/ zoo；quiz；zebra；zero；zipper. . word.zl-