新人教版八级英语上册期末复习知识点总结.docx

精品名师归纳总结Unit1 Where did you go on vacation.Activities ：（写出动词过去式）go on vacation 去度假 be on vacation度假stay at home 待在家里go to the mountains 去爬山go to the beach 去海滩visit museums参观博物馆go to summer camp 去参观夏令营quite a few 相当多study for 为 而学习go out 出去most of the time 大部分时间taste good 尝起来很好吃have a good time 玩得兴奋of course 当然feel like 给 的感觉。感受到 feel like doing sthgo shopping 去购物in the past 在过去walk around 四处走走because of 由于one bowl of 一碗 the next day 其次天drink tea 喝茶find out 找出。查明go on 连续take photos 照相something important 重要的事up and down 上上下下come up 出来不定代词有all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, a few, a little, both, enough, every等,以及由some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词 即 somebody, anyone, nothing等。在这些不定代词中, 多数都能作主语、 宾语、表语或定语, 但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,而no 和 every 就只用作定语。复合不定代词：由some, any, no, every 加上 -body,-one,-thing 构成的不定代词,叫做复合不定代词。somebody = someone 某人something 某物,某事anybody = anyone 任何人anything 什么事物,任何事物,无论什么事物nobody = no one 没有人,不重要的人nothing 没有东西,什么也没有 ; 不重要的人或事everybody = everyone 每人 ,人人 ,全部人 everything 每一个事物,一切词组： for nothing白费,没有好结果,免费 , nothing but仅仅,只不过 ,It s nothing. 不用谢,不必在意anybody else别人 （ 1）复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句子中作主语、宾语和表语,而不能作定语。Everything is made of elements. 任何东西都是元素构成的。 （作主语）I have nothing to say toady.我今日没什么可讲的。 （作宾语）Thats nothing.没什么。（作表语）（ 2）作主语时,谓语动词用单数。（ 3）代替与 -thing构成的复合不定代词, 用 it 。代替与 -body, -one构成的复合不定代词, 一般用 they , 在正式文体中可用he 。如： Everyone knows whatthey haveto do,dont they？Everyone knows whathe hasto do,doesn t he. 每个人都知道他必需做什么,不是吗？（ 2）something 和 anything 的区分与 some 和 any 的区分一样,前者一般用于确定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句 或条件状语从句 中。I have somethingimportant to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告知你。 （确定句）Someone is asking to see you.有人要见你。（确定句）Has anything happened ？ 出什么事了吗？（疑问句）We cant decide anything now.我们现在不能作什么打算。（否定句）If you wantanything, call me. 你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。（条件状语从句）（ 3）复合不定代词被定语所修饰时,形容词 或不定式等 其他定语就须放在它们的后面。There isnothingwrongwith the machine.这机器没出什么毛病。（形容词）This issomethingspecial.这是种特殊的东西。 （形容词）Is thereanythingimportantin todays newspaper.今日报纸上有什么重要消息吗？（形容词）Do you wantanythingto drink.你想喝点什么吗？Ifthere isanythingI can do for you, please tell me.假如有什么我能帮你的,请告知我。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结除与 -thing构成的复合不定代词外,即everyone、everybody、someone, somebody都有全部 格形式。 当其后有 else时,s要加在 else 后面。如： That must besomebody else scoat; it isnt mine.那肯定是别人的外衣,不是我的。 everyone=everybody, anyone=anybody,只指人, 不能与 of短语连用。 every one, anyone可指人也可指物,肯定要与of连用才可以。 如： Is anybody here.有人吗？You can takeany one of these.你可以任凭拿一个。与 some-, any- 构成的复合不定代词的用法与some, any的用法相同。与 any-构成的复合不定代词一般用于 否定句或疑问句 中, not any- 构成完全否定 ,但没有 any- not 的说法。与some-构成的复合不定代词用于 确定句 、预料作确定回答的疑问句、建议或恳求的疑问句中【巧记复合代词分合】：分合皆能单独用,后加of 合不成。【巧学不定代词】： 不定代词美名扬,修饰成分后边藏。单数动词作谓语,何时何的都一样。buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝起来 look+adj.看起来 smell 闻起来 sound 听起来feel 感觉起来taste delicious look beautiful smell terrible sound wonderful feel comfortable /tired / bored/ nothing but+ 动词原形除了 之外什么都没有seem+（ to be） + adj.看起来 No one seemed to be bored. seem to do sth.arrive in+ 大的点 / arrive at+ 小的点到达某的decide to do sth.打算去做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力去做某事forget doing sth. 遗忘做过某事 / forget to do sth. 遗忘做某事enjoy doing sth. 宠爱做某事dislike doing sth.不宠爱做某事want to do sth. 想去做某事start doing sth. 开头做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 keep doing sth.连续做某事keep on doing sth.反复做某事有小停留Why not do. sth. 为什么不做 了？so+adj.+that+ 从句如此 以至于 it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth对某人来说做 怎么样tell sb. not to do sth.告知某人（不要）做某事ask sb. not to do sth. 要求某人（不要）做某事1.anywhere与 somewhere两者都是 anywhereI can t find it anywhere.在任何的方 ,常用于否定句和疑问句中。somewhere2. seem +在某处,到某处,常用于确定句。I lost my key somewhere near here.形容词看起来, . You seem happy today.seem + to do sth.I seems / seemed +似乎、似乎做某事I seem to have a cold从句看起来似乎 , 。似乎,.It seems that no one believe you.seem like,.似乎,似乎, .3. decide to do sth.decide +疑问词It seems like a god idea.打算做某事They decide to visit the museum.+ 动词不定式He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth.但以下几种情形不能用begin .开头,可与 begin互换 。He started doing his homework.1) 创办,开办：He started a new bllkshop last month.2) 机器开动：I can t start my car.3) 动身,动身：I will start tomorrow morning.want sb. not to do sth.想要某人（不要）做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结5. over介词,多于,超过,在, 以上（表示数目、程度）= more than My father is over 40 years old.在, 之上,与物体垂直且不接触,与under相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.超过： I hear the news over the radio.遍及： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many太多,后接可数名词复数：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. too much太多,修饰不行数名词,修饰动词作状语。We have too much work to do.Don t talk too much.Much too太,修饰形容词或副词。The hat is much too big for me.You re walking much too fast.辨论三者的口诀：too much, much too,用法区分看后头：much后接不行数,too后修饰形或副。too many要记住,后面名词必复数。7. because of介词短语,由于,由于,后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子。He can t take a walk because of the rain.because连词,由于,引导状语从句,表示直接明确的缘由或理由。I don t buy the shrit because it was too expensive.Unit2 How often do you exercise.help with housework 帮忙做家务on weekends 在周末how often 多久一次hardly ever 几乎从不once a week 每周一次twice a month 每月两次every day 每天be free 有空go to the movies 去看电影use the Internet 用互联网swing dance 摇摆舞play tennis 打网球stay up late 熬夜。睡得很晚at least 至少have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课go to bed early 早点睡觉play sports 进行体育活动be good for 对 有好处sb. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时间be bad for 对 有坏处sb. spend time / money on sth. 在某方面花费时间 /金钱be good with 与 友好相处sb. spend time /money in doing sth. 在做某事上花费时间 /金钱be good at sth./ doing sth 善于某事 /做某事be friendly with sb.与某人友好相处be friendly to sb.对某人友好be kind to sb.对某人友好 go camping 去野营not at all 一点儿也不 in ones free time 在某人的业余时间the most popular 最受欢迎的such as 比如。诸如old habits die hard 积习难改go to the dentist 去看牙医morn than 多于。超过less than 少于help sb. with sth. 帮忙某人做某事How about .怎么样？ / 好不好？want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事How many+ 可数名词复数 +一般疑问句？ 有多少 .主语 +find+that 从句 . 发觉 Its+ adj.+ to do sth.做某事的 的。ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事by doing sth.通过做某事What s your favorite .你最宠爱的 是什么？the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式Which do you like best.你最宠爱词语辨析：1.how often多久一次,用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once , twice, three times等词语。How often do you play sports.Three times a week. how long多长,用来询问多长时间,也可询问某物有多长。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here.How long is the ruler.howfor多远, 用来询问距离,指路程的远近。Howfaris it fromheretothe park.It s about2 kilometers.1. free闲暇的,有空的,反义词为 busy. be free有空,闲着,相当于have time. Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week.仍可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth.自由的做某事。The tickets are free.You refree to go or to stay.2. How come ？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很古怪,有点想不通。可单独使用,也可引导一个问句, 相当于疑问句why, 但 how come开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍旧是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party. = Why didnt Tom come to the party.3. stay up late指“熬夜到很晚,迟睡” 。 Don t stay up late next time. stay up指“熬夜,不睡觉” 。 He stayed up all night to write his story.4. go to bed强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程,但人不肯定睡着。I went to bed at eleven lastnight. go to sleep强调“入睡,睡着,进入梦乡” 。She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.5. find +宾语 +名词 , 发觉： We have found him to be a good boy.find +宾语 + 形容词, 发觉： He found the room dirty.find +宾语 + 现在分词, 发觉 ： I found her standing at the door.6. percent百分数,基数词 + percent ： percent没有复数形式,作主语时,依据所修饰的名词来判 断谓语的单复数。Forty percent of the students in our class are girls.Thirty percent of time passed.7. morethan超过,多于,不仅仅,相当于over.在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than.I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid形容词, 担忧的,可怕的,在句中作表语,不用在名词前作定语。Im afraid we can t come here on time.be afraid of sb / sth 可怕某人 / 某事。 be afraid of doing sth.可怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark.Don t be afraid of asking question. Im afraid + 从句, 唯恐, 担忧： Im afraid I have to go now.be afraid to do sth 可怕做某事10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time的区分：sometimes频度副词,有时。表示动作发生的不常常性,多与一般现在时连用,可位于句首、句中或句末。SometimesI get up very early.-How often do you get up.sometime副词,某个时候。 表示不准确或不详细的时间,常用于过去时或将来时, 对它用疑问词 when. I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week.some times名词词组,几次,几倍。其中time是可数名词,对它提问用how many times. I have read the story some times.-How many times have you read the story.some time名词短语, 一段时间 . 表示“一段时间” 时, 句中谓语动词常为连续性动词,提问时用 How long.I ll stay here for some time.-How long will you stay here.Unit3 I m more outgoing than my sister.Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. That s Tara, isn t it.Are you as friendly as your sister.Im shy so it s not easy for me to make friends.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结more outgoing 更外向as as 与 一样the singing competition唱歌竞赛be similar to 与 相像的 / 类似的be the same as和 相同。与 一样be different from 与 不同care about 关怀。介意look after照料 take care of 照料be like a mirror 像一面镜子the most important 最重要的as long as 只要。既然bring out 使显现。使表现出get better grades 取得更好的成果reach for 伸手取in fact 事实上。实际上make friends 交伴侣the other 其他的touch ones heart 感动某人be talented in music 有音乐天赋be good at 善于 be good with 善于与 相处have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣be good at doing sth 善于做某事make sb. do sth.让某人做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事as+adj./adv.的原级 +as 与 一样It s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth.对某人来说,做某事 的。词语辨析：laugh v. &n.笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke.她说了个笑话,我们都大声笑起来。We all laughed at his joke.听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最终,谁笑得最好。/不要兴奋得太早。（与 at 连用）嘲笑Don t laugh at him.别嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics.大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。笑。笑声We had a good laugh at his joke.我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。though conj.虽然。纵然。即使。尽管= althoughThough it was raining , he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨,他仍是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很欢乐。留意：不能受汉语的影响,在though 引导的从句后使用but。如： Though he was poor , but he was happy.（误）thoughadv.不过,可是,然而,常用于句末,用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come, he didnt , though.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1）原级（不作比较） ,修饰词 very,so,too,pretty,really 。 2）比较级, 表示“较 ”或“更 ”的意思（两者之间进行比较）, 标志词 than,A or B,of the two,修饰词 much,alot,a little 。 3）最高级,表示“最 ”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较）,形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词 the,后面可带 in（ of）短语来什么比较的范畴。构 成 方 法原 级比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和部分双音节一般在词尾加 -er 或-esthighshorthighershorterhighestshortest以字母 e 词尾的词,加-r 或-stlatefinelaterfinestlatestfinest形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规章变化：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结词重读闭音节词词尾只 有一个辅音字母时,先双写辅音字母, 再加 -er或-est以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的双音节词,先把“ y” 改为“ i ”,再加-er 或 -est多 音 节hot big thin fat funny easy earlybeautifulhotter bigger thinner fatter funnier easier earliermore beautifulhottest biggest thinnest fattest funniest easiest earliestmost beautiful可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结词 和 部分 双 音节词在词前加 more 或 mostathletic outgoingmore athletic more outgoingmost athletic most outgoing可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规章变化：原 级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleast可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结farfarther（更远）further （更深远）as 原级 as 与 一样 not as/soas 不如Liming is as tall as Jim.Jack runs as fast as Tom. Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter than Lucy.Unit4 What s the best movie theater.1. It has the biggest screens.2. The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.farthest最远 furthest （最深远）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3. How do you like it so far.到目前为止,你认为它怎么样？4. Thanks forget telling me.5. Can I ask you some questions.movie theater 电影院close to 离 近clothes store 服装店in town 在镇上so far 到目前为止10 minutes by bus 坐公共汽车 10 分钟的路程talent show 才艺表演in common 共同。共有around the world 世界各的。全世界more and more 越来越 and so on 等等all kinds of 各种各样的be up to 是 的职责。由 打算not everybody 并不是每个人make up 编造（故事、谎言等）影响play a role in 在 方面发挥作用 /有for example 例如take seriously 仔细对待 give sb. sth.给某人某物come true（理想、期望）实现。达到Can I ask you some.我能问你一些 吗？ How do you like .你认为 怎么样？ Thanks for doing sth. 因做某事而感谢。What do you think of .你认为 怎么样 .much+ adj./adv. 的比较级 得多watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事是作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色one of+ 可数名词的复数 之一可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结形容词和副词的最高级比较级有变化,一般词尾加-er ,最高级有变化,词尾加上-est, 词尾如是哑音 e, 直接加 r 就可以,词尾如是哑音 e, 直接加上 -st, 辅音字母加 y, 记得把 y 变 i 加 -er,辅音字母加 y, y 变 i 再加 -est,一辅重读闭音节,末尾双写加-er ,一辅重读闭音节,末尾双写加-est,形副音节 123,比较等级 more 在前。形副单词多音节,最高级前the most。1.表示由动词加 -ing 或-ed 构成的形容词。2. 表示由形容词加后缀 -ly 构成的副词。3. 表示部分双音节及多音节词。tall- tallershort- shorterlong- longerfat- fatterheavy- heavierthin - thinnercute - cuterclever- clevereststrict - stricterkind - kindernice - nicercalm - calmerwild - wildersmart - smarterquiet - quieterloud-loudershy - shierlovely - lovelierpretty- prettierugly-uglierfunny - funnierfriendly -friendlier / less friendly happy-happierlazy - lazierpopular - more popularoutgoing more outgoing talented - more talentedserious more/less seriousactive - more activeathletic -more athletichandsome -more handsomebeautiful - more beautifulhardworking more/ less hardworking jump high - higher run fast - faster work hard - harder get up early - earlier sing well - sing betterlate - later dance well - dance better play basketball well - play basketball betterbe good at - be better at feel good - feel bettersing clearly - sing more clearlyspeak loudly - speak more loudly calmly - more calmlywildly - more wildlyquietly - more quietlyseriously -more seriously actively - more activelyUnit5 Do you want to watch a game show.think of 认为learn from 从 获得。向 学习find out 查明。弄清晰talk show 谈话节目game show 嬉戏节目soap opera 肥皂剧go on 发生watch a movie 看电影a pair of 一双。一对 try one s best 尽某人最大努力as famous as与 一样出名 have a discussion about 就 争论 one day 有一天such as 例如dress up 装扮。梳理take sb.s place 代替。替换do a good job 干得好something enjoyable 令人开心的东西interesting information好玩的资料one of 之一look like看起来像around the world 全世界a symbol of 的象征let sb. do sth.让某人做某事plan to do sth. 方案 /准备做某事hope to do sth.期望做某事happen to do sth.碰巧做某事be ready to do sth.乐于做某事expect to do sth.希望做某事try ones best to do sth.尽力做某